This document provides instructions for playing the Decide game about malaria. It explains how to print and prepare the game materials, which include cards with different colors that need to be printed on colored paper. It outlines the 3 phases of the game: 1) gathering information by reading cards, 2) discussion of the issues, and 3) formulating a shared group response. It provides details on how to facilitate each phase and examples of the types of cards used, including story cards, info cards, issue cards, and policy position cards. The goal is for groups of 4-8 people to discuss and come to a consensus on policies to address malaria.
Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. It spreads through airborne or droplet transmission, with an incubation period of around 17 days. Complications can include meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, and deafness. Before the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1988, mumps was common in children and caused around 1200 hospital admissions annually in England and Wales. Two doses of MMR vaccine are now routinely recommended to provide satisfactory protection against mumps, as one dose only confers 61-91% protection.
3D Workshop - Stereoscopic Post-Production and Visual EffectsRick Baumgartner
Rick Baumgartner provides 3D post production and visual effects services including editorial work, color and finishing, depth and convergence correction, distortion and disparity fixes, and metadata consulting. His company focuses on high quality 3D work that is better, faster, and cheaper using techniques like virtual production and zero post workflows that utilize extensive metadata.
This document discusses deploying OpenShift Origin on OpenStack. It begins with an overview of OpenShift and OpenStack. OpenStack is an open source cloud platform that provides compute, storage, and networking services. A demo is then shown deploying OpenShift Origin, the open source version of OpenShift, on an OpenStack cloud. The document suggests this allows users to run their own private Platform as a Service (PaaS) using open source software.
Intel is promoting ultrabooks, which are thin, light laptops that emphasize mobility. Ultrabooks must meet specifications for thickness and weight, use solid state drives, and provide a responsive computing experience. Intel has partnered with PC manufacturers to develop ultrabooks that offer touch screens, instant-on capabilities, and all-day battery life.
The document discusses reasons for criminal behavior among minors in Bulgaria. It shows that the most common crimes committed by minors are theft, assault, and hooliganism, which together account for over 60% of crimes. Drug usage and dealing by minors has also increased over time. The reasons for criminal behavior among minors include family problems, personal issues, peer influence, and societal factors. Solutions proposed include cultivating a positive attitude, support from family and friends, counseling, government assistance programs, and intervention by juvenile courts.
The document outlines the table of contents for a study on training processes at Gunnebo AB, an access control company. It includes 11 chapters that cover an introduction to the topic and company, departments overviews, the training process with definitions and methods, a SWOT analysis, research methodology, analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusion. It also includes annexures with questionnaires. The document provides an overview of the organizational structure and scope of content that will be included in a study analyzing Gunnebo's training programs and processes.
Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. It spreads through airborne or droplet transmission, with an incubation period of around 17 days. Complications can include meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, and deafness. Before the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1988, mumps was common in children and caused around 1200 hospital admissions annually in England and Wales. Two doses of MMR vaccine are now routinely recommended to provide satisfactory protection against mumps, as one dose only confers 61-91% protection.
3D Workshop - Stereoscopic Post-Production and Visual EffectsRick Baumgartner
Rick Baumgartner provides 3D post production and visual effects services including editorial work, color and finishing, depth and convergence correction, distortion and disparity fixes, and metadata consulting. His company focuses on high quality 3D work that is better, faster, and cheaper using techniques like virtual production and zero post workflows that utilize extensive metadata.
This document discusses deploying OpenShift Origin on OpenStack. It begins with an overview of OpenShift and OpenStack. OpenStack is an open source cloud platform that provides compute, storage, and networking services. A demo is then shown deploying OpenShift Origin, the open source version of OpenShift, on an OpenStack cloud. The document suggests this allows users to run their own private Platform as a Service (PaaS) using open source software.
Intel is promoting ultrabooks, which are thin, light laptops that emphasize mobility. Ultrabooks must meet specifications for thickness and weight, use solid state drives, and provide a responsive computing experience. Intel has partnered with PC manufacturers to develop ultrabooks that offer touch screens, instant-on capabilities, and all-day battery life.
The document discusses reasons for criminal behavior among minors in Bulgaria. It shows that the most common crimes committed by minors are theft, assault, and hooliganism, which together account for over 60% of crimes. Drug usage and dealing by minors has also increased over time. The reasons for criminal behavior among minors include family problems, personal issues, peer influence, and societal factors. Solutions proposed include cultivating a positive attitude, support from family and friends, counseling, government assistance programs, and intervention by juvenile courts.
The document outlines the table of contents for a study on training processes at Gunnebo AB, an access control company. It includes 11 chapters that cover an introduction to the topic and company, departments overviews, the training process with definitions and methods, a SWOT analysis, research methodology, analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusion. It also includes annexures with questionnaires. The document provides an overview of the organizational structure and scope of content that will be included in a study analyzing Gunnebo's training programs and processes.
The document describes a quick installation and deployment process for Openstack on Ubuntu 12.04. It provides background on Openstack Private Cloud (OSPC), including its features and architecture. The quick installation uses preboot eXecution environment and Puppet to automate an unattended Openstack installation and deployment. This saves time and does not require in-depth IT knowledge. Next steps include keeping pace with Openstack releases and further integrating Intel intelligent architecture features into the reference design.
Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859, putting forth his theory of evolution by natural selection, proposing that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to survive and reproduce. The book caused significant controversy as it conflicted with the religious doctrine of creationism and the literal interpretation of the Bible, threatening the authority and revenues of the church by offering a non-religious account of life's diversity and complexity.
This document discusses the future of cities and proposes building new cities from scratch that are centered around social networks and entertainment. It notes that traditional reasons for cities like work, trade, or education are less important now. It argues that friends and entertainment will drive new city development over the next 10-15 years. As an example, it outlines how Las Vegas was built from nothing and is now very valuable, and proposes doing something similar by developing land in Nevada to build new cities organized around social networks and apps that provide necessary services.
1. O Ministério Público Federal denuncia 12 pessoas por organização criminosa, corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro relacionadas ao esquema da Odebrecht.
2. A denúncia é resultado da continuidade das investigações da Operação Lava Jato sobre estruturas paralelas de lavagem de dinheiro e doleiros.
3. São denunciados executivos da Odebrecht, doleiros e outros envolvidos em pagamento de propinas a políticos em troca de benefícios para a empreiteira entre 2006-2015.
Time resolution of quantum tunneling - Dynamics in strong fields seminar LMUChristiaan Roca Catala
This document discusses several approaches to determining tunneling time:
- Wave-packet treatment compares incoming and outgoing wave packet peaks.
- Dynamic paths treatment averages time spent in barrier for different particle paths.
- Physical clocks treatment uses measurable degrees of freedom coupled to tunneling.
It then focuses on the time-modulated barrier clock approach, which uses sideband intensities at different modulation frequencies to estimate traversal time. Finally, it describes an experiment that uses two laser fields to independently resolve ionization and recombination times during tunneling.
La práctica totalidad de las instituciones internacionales vaticinan una moderación del crecimiento económico mundial para 2016 y 2017. La economía española, por su parte, continúa manteniendo importantes desajustes en su déficit y una tasa de paro con niveles que resultan socialmente insoportables.
La economía vasca muestra también valores positivos, apoyada de un modo cada vez más importante en la industria. Pero no hay que caer en la complacencia porque los principales mercados a los que se dirigen sus productos no están sabiendo aprovechar la excepcional colección de vientos de cola, de los que ha venido disfrutando en los últimos tiempos y el riesgo de una desaceleración global aliñada con tensiones geopolíticas de todo tipo constituye un riesgo de primer orden
Marketing program include many elements ranging from brand building to market research. But no single part of a business to business marketing program is more important than generating qualifying sales leads.
Charles dickens power point pressentationlynnbeach86
Charles Dickens used his novels to portray his views on socialism and politics. As a youth, Dickens experienced social and political injustice firsthand when his father was imprisoned, forcing Dickens to work to support his family, despite being middle class. In novels like A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist, Dickens showed sympathy for the poor and highlighted issues of wealth inequality and harsh living conditions faced by the less fortunate. His novel A Tale of Two Cities, set during the French Revolution, depicted the social injustices and turmoil of the time through the hardships faced by characters from both France and England.
This document discusses and summarizes 6 development tools that are useful for Mac development: Gitbox & GitHub for collaborating on code repositories, CloudApp for easily sharing screenshots, Kaleidoscope for comparing code changes, Sublime Text 2 as a full-featured text editor, YAJL for formatting and validating JSON, and Curl & HTTP Client for making API calls. It also provides links to download or learn more about each tool.
This document discusses the meaning of life through love and family. It expresses love for a partner by saying one would use their last breath to say "I love you". It also discusses how children can make you want to start over in life and how understanding your parents' love requires raising children yourself. The document expresses gratitude to God for the gift of family.
1) O documento fornece um plano para ler a Bíblia em um ano, reservando 20-30 minutos por dia.
2) Ele dá instruções sobre como escolher e analisar os textos bíblicos selecionados.
3) O plano de leitura lista os livros e capítulos da Bíblia a serem lidos diariamente ao longo do ano.
O documento lista os materiais necessários para um projeto com seus preços individuais e quantidades. Uma segunda tabela detalha o preço normal, preço com imposto e preço total de um item, além da quantidade comprada a cada preço.
The document summarizes the author's marketing internship experience in Bangkok, Thailand from January to August 2011. It discusses his roles and responsibilities, which included developing and organizing new projects, managing content, online community building, and SEO. He learned about new media applications, ethics, soft skills, and the local culture. For the future, he would start his internship search earlier and learn more about the host city beforehand. His advice to others is to say no when needed but also compromise, and to keep a balance between advocating for yourself and being a team player.
The document contains a list of 50 cities along with the name of a hotel in each city and the price per night and total price in local currency and US dollars to stay at each hotel for 3 nights. The prices shown range from around $34 per night up to over $200 per night, with total costs for 3 nights ranging from around $100 to over $600 depending on the city and hotel. The document also includes an exchange rate table showing the value of 1 US dollar in euros, yen, British pounds, and the local currency of peso.
The document discusses BHMI, a software solutions provider that offers consulting, development, and support services. It details BHMI's expertise in various programming languages and platforms. The document also describes BHMI's internship program, which aims to evaluate potential hires while providing learning opportunities for students. BHMI selects new hires based on technical skills, ability to work independently and collaboratively, and fit with the organization. General career and office advice is also provided.
This is an introduction to the agro-ecology of malaria, with specific focus on Uganda, presented Jan-28, 2013 at IFPRI to as a graduate colloquium for the South Dakota State University.
Malaria status & challenges of the epidemicGreenFacts
Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide. About one million people die each year from malaria, and half of the world's population lives in areas where there is a risk of getting the disease through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
What is being done to control the spread of malaria? Can the disease be eradicated?
Somewhere in the world, one child dies of malaria every 30 seconds. HERO Global Alliance works with orphans around the world to help raise their level of health and education. HERO has a goal of saving the lives of 1 million children over the next year, who would have died of malaria.
The document discusses the SureDuz Mosquito Candle, a product that aims to eliminate mosquitoes and protect against malaria. It uses a proven mosquito eliminator instead of citronella and can burn effectively for 52 hours. Malaria is caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites and is still endemic in 99 countries, infecting 250 million people annually and causing nearly one million deaths.
Malaria is one of the most common and serious infectious diseases in the world, caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. It claims more lives each year than any other disease except tuberculosis. Children are especially susceptible and Africa suffers the largest burden, with 90% of global cases and 80% of deaths. The parasites infect liver cells and red blood cells, multiplying rapidly and causing symptoms like fever, chills and anemia when blood cells burst. While transmission typically occurs via mosquito bites, the disease can also be passed from mother to child or through blood transfusions.
The document describes a quick installation and deployment process for Openstack on Ubuntu 12.04. It provides background on Openstack Private Cloud (OSPC), including its features and architecture. The quick installation uses preboot eXecution environment and Puppet to automate an unattended Openstack installation and deployment. This saves time and does not require in-depth IT knowledge. Next steps include keeping pace with Openstack releases and further integrating Intel intelligent architecture features into the reference design.
Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859, putting forth his theory of evolution by natural selection, proposing that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to survive and reproduce. The book caused significant controversy as it conflicted with the religious doctrine of creationism and the literal interpretation of the Bible, threatening the authority and revenues of the church by offering a non-religious account of life's diversity and complexity.
This document discusses the future of cities and proposes building new cities from scratch that are centered around social networks and entertainment. It notes that traditional reasons for cities like work, trade, or education are less important now. It argues that friends and entertainment will drive new city development over the next 10-15 years. As an example, it outlines how Las Vegas was built from nothing and is now very valuable, and proposes doing something similar by developing land in Nevada to build new cities organized around social networks and apps that provide necessary services.
1. O Ministério Público Federal denuncia 12 pessoas por organização criminosa, corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro relacionadas ao esquema da Odebrecht.
2. A denúncia é resultado da continuidade das investigações da Operação Lava Jato sobre estruturas paralelas de lavagem de dinheiro e doleiros.
3. São denunciados executivos da Odebrecht, doleiros e outros envolvidos em pagamento de propinas a políticos em troca de benefícios para a empreiteira entre 2006-2015.
Time resolution of quantum tunneling - Dynamics in strong fields seminar LMUChristiaan Roca Catala
This document discusses several approaches to determining tunneling time:
- Wave-packet treatment compares incoming and outgoing wave packet peaks.
- Dynamic paths treatment averages time spent in barrier for different particle paths.
- Physical clocks treatment uses measurable degrees of freedom coupled to tunneling.
It then focuses on the time-modulated barrier clock approach, which uses sideband intensities at different modulation frequencies to estimate traversal time. Finally, it describes an experiment that uses two laser fields to independently resolve ionization and recombination times during tunneling.
La práctica totalidad de las instituciones internacionales vaticinan una moderación del crecimiento económico mundial para 2016 y 2017. La economía española, por su parte, continúa manteniendo importantes desajustes en su déficit y una tasa de paro con niveles que resultan socialmente insoportables.
La economía vasca muestra también valores positivos, apoyada de un modo cada vez más importante en la industria. Pero no hay que caer en la complacencia porque los principales mercados a los que se dirigen sus productos no están sabiendo aprovechar la excepcional colección de vientos de cola, de los que ha venido disfrutando en los últimos tiempos y el riesgo de una desaceleración global aliñada con tensiones geopolíticas de todo tipo constituye un riesgo de primer orden
Marketing program include many elements ranging from brand building to market research. But no single part of a business to business marketing program is more important than generating qualifying sales leads.
Charles dickens power point pressentationlynnbeach86
Charles Dickens used his novels to portray his views on socialism and politics. As a youth, Dickens experienced social and political injustice firsthand when his father was imprisoned, forcing Dickens to work to support his family, despite being middle class. In novels like A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist, Dickens showed sympathy for the poor and highlighted issues of wealth inequality and harsh living conditions faced by the less fortunate. His novel A Tale of Two Cities, set during the French Revolution, depicted the social injustices and turmoil of the time through the hardships faced by characters from both France and England.
This document discusses and summarizes 6 development tools that are useful for Mac development: Gitbox & GitHub for collaborating on code repositories, CloudApp for easily sharing screenshots, Kaleidoscope for comparing code changes, Sublime Text 2 as a full-featured text editor, YAJL for formatting and validating JSON, and Curl & HTTP Client for making API calls. It also provides links to download or learn more about each tool.
This document discusses the meaning of life through love and family. It expresses love for a partner by saying one would use their last breath to say "I love you". It also discusses how children can make you want to start over in life and how understanding your parents' love requires raising children yourself. The document expresses gratitude to God for the gift of family.
1) O documento fornece um plano para ler a Bíblia em um ano, reservando 20-30 minutos por dia.
2) Ele dá instruções sobre como escolher e analisar os textos bíblicos selecionados.
3) O plano de leitura lista os livros e capítulos da Bíblia a serem lidos diariamente ao longo do ano.
O documento lista os materiais necessários para um projeto com seus preços individuais e quantidades. Uma segunda tabela detalha o preço normal, preço com imposto e preço total de um item, além da quantidade comprada a cada preço.
The document summarizes the author's marketing internship experience in Bangkok, Thailand from January to August 2011. It discusses his roles and responsibilities, which included developing and organizing new projects, managing content, online community building, and SEO. He learned about new media applications, ethics, soft skills, and the local culture. For the future, he would start his internship search earlier and learn more about the host city beforehand. His advice to others is to say no when needed but also compromise, and to keep a balance between advocating for yourself and being a team player.
The document contains a list of 50 cities along with the name of a hotel in each city and the price per night and total price in local currency and US dollars to stay at each hotel for 3 nights. The prices shown range from around $34 per night up to over $200 per night, with total costs for 3 nights ranging from around $100 to over $600 depending on the city and hotel. The document also includes an exchange rate table showing the value of 1 US dollar in euros, yen, British pounds, and the local currency of peso.
The document discusses BHMI, a software solutions provider that offers consulting, development, and support services. It details BHMI's expertise in various programming languages and platforms. The document also describes BHMI's internship program, which aims to evaluate potential hires while providing learning opportunities for students. BHMI selects new hires based on technical skills, ability to work independently and collaboratively, and fit with the organization. General career and office advice is also provided.
This is an introduction to the agro-ecology of malaria, with specific focus on Uganda, presented Jan-28, 2013 at IFPRI to as a graduate colloquium for the South Dakota State University.
Malaria status & challenges of the epidemicGreenFacts
Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide. About one million people die each year from malaria, and half of the world's population lives in areas where there is a risk of getting the disease through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
What is being done to control the spread of malaria? Can the disease be eradicated?
Somewhere in the world, one child dies of malaria every 30 seconds. HERO Global Alliance works with orphans around the world to help raise their level of health and education. HERO has a goal of saving the lives of 1 million children over the next year, who would have died of malaria.
The document discusses the SureDuz Mosquito Candle, a product that aims to eliminate mosquitoes and protect against malaria. It uses a proven mosquito eliminator instead of citronella and can burn effectively for 52 hours. Malaria is caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites and is still endemic in 99 countries, infecting 250 million people annually and causing nearly one million deaths.
Malaria is one of the most common and serious infectious diseases in the world, caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. It claims more lives each year than any other disease except tuberculosis. Children are especially susceptible and Africa suffers the largest burden, with 90% of global cases and 80% of deaths. The parasites infect liver cells and red blood cells, multiplying rapidly and causing symptoms like fever, chills and anemia when blood cells burst. While transmission typically occurs via mosquito bites, the disease can also be passed from mother to child or through blood transfusions.
Here are some key causes of malaria prevalence in Africa:
1. Poverty and lack of access to prevention/treatment: Many people in Africa live in poverty without access to mosquito nets, screens, antimalarial drugs, or medical care. This makes prevention and treatment of malaria extremely difficult.
2. Climate change: Rising temperatures expand the geographic range of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Changes in rainfall patterns can lead to more standing water where mosquitoes breed. Climate change is contributing to increased transmission of malaria in many parts of Africa.
3. Conflict and instability: War and civil unrest force people to flee their homes and live in refugee camps or informal settlements that lack basic infrastructure and services. This makes prevention and
Biology investigatory project class 12 [malaria]VinayakSoni15
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12 ON THE TOPIC MALARIA .......THIS PROJECT MATERIAL HAS BEEN ASSEMBLED FROM MANY RESOURCES BY ME HOPE IT WILL HELP YOU FURTHER.
The document discusses treatment guidelines for malaria in Assam, India put forth by the Malaria Prevention Foundation. It outlines diagnosing malaria via microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests. For uncomplicated malaria, artemisinin-based combination therapy is recommended. For severe falciparum malaria, parenteral antimalarial treatment like artesunate or artemether is recommended along with an antibiotic. It also discusses treating uncomplicated vivax malaria with chloroquine and adding primaquine for radical cure to prevent relapses.
Zainabu noticed her son Ramadhani suddenly became severely ill with malaria in their remote African village with few medical resources. A local healer prescribed antimalarial drugs but they did not cure Ramadhani's infection. He was eventually able to see a doctor who relieved him of the plasmodium infection, though he was lucky to survive.
The document discusses efforts to close the immunization gap and fully immunize children worldwide against preventable diseases. It notes that while vaccines have immunized 80% of children globally, 20% remain unprotected. In the 1980s, UNICEF and partners launched a major drive to vaccinate children in developing countries, increasing coverage from 20% to 80%. However, over 6 million children still die each year from preventable causes. The document outlines strategies to achieve vaccine coverage targets and end epidemics by 2030, noting that taking vaccines to remote, marginalized communities is key to closing the immunization gap.
A new malaria vaccine called FMP2.1/AS02A is being tested on children in Mali. The vaccine contains a form of the AMA-1 protein from the most common and deadly malaria parasite, along with an adjuvant to boost the immune response. Previous studies found the vaccine to be safe and produce strong and long-lasting antibody responses in adults. A current study is testing the vaccine on 400 Malian children to examine if it can protect against multiple malaria parasite strains and potentially be combined with other vaccines to create highly protective immunization.
A new malaria vaccine called FMP2.1/AS02A is being tested on children in Mali. The vaccine contains a form of the AMA-1 protein from the most common and deadly malaria parasite, along with an adjuvant to boost the immune response. Previous studies found the vaccine to be safe and produce strong and long-lasting antibody responses in adults. A current study is testing the vaccine on 400 Malian children to examine if it can protect against multiple malaria parasite strains and potentially be combined with other vaccines to create highly protective immunization.
Strategies for control and prevention of Malaria.pptxSalimAbubakar4
This document is a seminar paper on malaria written by Abubakar Musa Zumoni. It discusses the introduction, epidemiology, prevention, treatment, control measures, and conclusions regarding malaria. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. It affects 300-500 million people annually, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is a major cause of death. Prevention methods include insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and chemoprophylaxis. Treatment differs for uncomplicated and complicated cases, utilizing drugs like chloroquine, mefloquine, and quinine. Controlling mosquito breeding sites and biological controls can help prevent the spread of malaria.
Malaria is a life-threatening illness caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide each year, especially in tropical areas. Malaria in pregnancy contributes significantly to infant mortality and poses severe risks to maternal and infant health like anemia, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality. Preventive measures recommended for pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas include insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventive treatment with antimalarial drugs during antenatal visits.
Malaria is an infectious disease spread by mosquitoes that infects over 3 billion people worldwide. It is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which has a complex life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts. Young children and pregnant women are most vulnerable. While rates of malaria have decreased, it remains a major public health problem and cause of economic hardship in developing countries. Controlling mosquitoes and proper diagnosis/treatment of infections are key to reducing the malaria burden.
Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. It affects over 3 billion people worldwide and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and among young children and pregnant women. The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle involving stages in both the human and mosquito hosts. Prevention methods target different stages of the life cycle, including insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, antimalarial drugs, and mosquito control. While progress has been made in reducing malaria cases and deaths, it remains a major global health problem, especially in poor tropical and subtropical regions.
Malaria is a major health problem in Nigeria, affecting 97% of the population. Each year there are an estimated 100 million cases of malaria in Nigeria, resulting in over 300,000 deaths. Malaria prevalence is highest in children ages 5-59 months in southern, central, and western Nigeria. Repeated malaria infections contribute to severe anemia and increased risk of death in children under 5 years old. This study aims to understand the current prevalence of malaria in Nigeria, environmental factors that allow transmission, and behaviors regarding treatment seeking for the disease. It also aims to educate the public about the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets in preventing malaria transmission.
Malaria is a major health problem in Nigeria, affecting 97% of the population. Each year there are an estimated 100 million cases of malaria in Nigeria, resulting in over 300,000 deaths. Malaria prevalence is highest in children ages 5-59 months in southern, central, and western Nigeria. The socioeconomic burden of malaria on Nigeria is high, with billions of naira spent annually on prevention and treatment. Repeated malaria infections can have long-term health impacts for children, including anemia, lower birth weights, learning impairments, and higher risk of other illnesses. This study aims to understand the current malaria prevalence in Nigeria and examine behaviors related to treatment seeking as well as educate the public on the effective use of
El documento habla sobre la situación económica de Galicia y España. La crisis ha afectado negativamente a la economía gallega con una tasa de paro del 20% y una deuda pública alta. A pesar de los desafíos, existen oportunidades para mejorar la economía a través de inversiones en energías renovables, turismo y pymes innovadoras.
Toward a malaria-free world - Tools' informationXplore Health
This document provides information on 8 tools available on the Xplore Health portal for teaching about malaria, including: 1) a video game about stopping malaria, 2) a video about working for a malaria-free world, 3) a video called "A Shelter from Malaria" about developing an anti-malaria vaccination, 4) a video about facing an underestimated malaria, 5) an experiment on investigating a malaria vaccine, 6) experiment protocols, 7) a video called "Malaria: Ethical Issues", and 8) a game called "Malaria: Ethical Issues". Each tool is described with objectives, key messages, and suggestions for use in the classroom.
Toward a malaria-free world - Lesson plansXplore Health
In this guide you will have suggestions of lesson plans that have been designed by the Education National Coordinators using the Xplore Health materials.
Skin cancer exposed - Tools' informationXplore Health
This educator's guide provides information on 7 tools available on an online portal for teaching about skin cancer. The tools include 2 virtual experiments that simulate investigating skin growths, and 4 educational videos on topics like early detection and genetic factors. A discussion game is also included. The document describes each tool and provides suggestions for how teachers can incorporate them into lessons on skin cancer before, during, and after class activities.
This document provides 4 lesson plans on skin cancer for students aged 15-18. The lessons address topics like skin cancer detection and treatment, genetic factors, risks and protection, and the ethical aspects of detection in fetuses. Each lesson lists objectives, materials, procedures, and timing for classroom activities that utilize videos and tools from the Xplore Health skin cancer module. The lessons aim to educate students on skin cancer topics and facilitate discussion.
The biotechnology revolution - Lesson plansXplore Health
This document provides several lesson plans on topics related to the biotechnology revolution. The lesson plans include objectives, materials needed, procedures, and timing for classroom activities. Three sample lesson plans are described in detail:
1) A 45-minute lesson on the use and limits of stem cells to cure diseases using videos and a class debate.
2) A two-part, 50-60 minute lesson on the possibilities and limits of biotechnology using online interactive tools and student presentations.
3) A two-part, 50-60 minute lesson on biotechnology and genetic modification of nature using videos, a dialogue game, and class discussions.
How are drugs developed? - Lesson plansXplore Health
In this guide you will have suggestions of lesson plans that have been designed by the Education National Coordinators using the Xplore Health materials.
Les cas d’obésité augmentent dans le monde. Préoccupés par la menace à long terme de l’obésité sur la santé, les médecins et les chercheurs tentent de comprendre ce qui rend obèse afin de créer un traitement plus efficace, ainsi que des stratégies de prévention.
Problem otyłości nasila się na całym świecie. Lekarze i naukowcy, zatroskani długoterminowym zagrożeniem dla zdrowia ze strony otyłości, próbują zrozumieć, co sprawia, że ludzie stają się otyli, aby dzięki tej wiedzy móc opracować bardziej skuteczne strategie leczenia i zapobiegania.
La obesidad es un fenómeno al alza en todo el mundo. Preocupados por la amenaza que supone a largo plazo para la salud, médicos y científicos intentan entender por qué la gente desarrolla obesidad y así poder diseñar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento más efectivas.
L’obesitat és un fenomen en alça arreu del món. Amoïnats per l’amenaça que suposa a llarg termini per a la salut, metges i científics intenten entendre què fa que la gent esdevingui obesa, de manera que puguin dissenyar estratègies de prevenció i tractament més efectives.
A crisis of fat? - Background informationXplore Health
This guide provides background information on obesity, its causes, consequences and treatment, as well as providing an insight into the ethical, legal and social aspects associated with this disease.
Inżynieria genetyczna - Poszukiwanie miejsca docelowego dla leku na miażdżycęXplore Health
Protocol for youngsters to carry out a bacterial transformation in a lab. The protocol follows a line of biomedical research which focuses on the study of a potential therapeutic target that could be recognised by a drug against atherosclerosis. The experiment protocol is an opportunity for science centres, museums and schools to replicate a real experiment done in a real lab doing research on drug discovery.
Génie génétique - À la recherche d’une cible pour le traitement de l’athérosc...Xplore Health
Protocol for youngsters to carry out a bacterial transformation in a lab. The protocol follows a line of biomedical research which focuses on the study of a potential therapeutic target that could be recognised by a drug against atherosclerosis. The experiment protocol is an opportunity for science centres, museums and schools to replicate a real experiment done in a real lab doing research on drug discovery.
Ingeniería genética - Buscando una diana para el tratamiento de la ateroscler...Xplore Health
Protocolo de experimento que permite a los estudiantes llevar a cabo una transformación bacteriana en el laboratorio. El protocolo se centra en una línea de investigación sobre el estudio de una potencial diana terapéutica que podría ser reconocida por un fármaco para la aterosclerosis. Este protocolo es una oportunidad para museos de la ciencia y escuelas de replicar un experimento que se está realizando en laboratorios reales para investigar nuevos fármacos.
Enginyeria genètica - Buscant una diana per al tractament de l’aterosclerosiXplore Health
Protocol d’experiment que permet als estudiants dur a terme una transformació bacteriana al laboratori. El protocol se centra en una línia de recerca sobre l’estudi d’una potencial diana terapèutica que podria ser reconeguda per un fàrmac per l’aterosclerosi. Aquest protocol és una oportunitat per museus de la ciència i escoles de replicar un experiment que s’està realitzant en laboratoris reals per investigar nous fàrmacs.
Juega con Xplore Halth y gana 2 entradas a CosmoCaixaXplore Health
Este documento presenta 10 preguntas sobre la malaria para un juego organizado por Xplore Health. Los jugadores deben seguir la cuenta de Twitter de Xplore Health y enviar un mensaje directo con las respuestas para participar en un sorteo de 2 entradas al museo CosmoCaixa. Cada pregunta incluye un enlace a una página web con más información sobre la respuesta.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Website: https://pecb.com/
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. PlayDecide: Malaria
Thank you for downloading this Decide kit!
Every kit contains all the necessary elements for a group of up to 8 people playing Decide. If you have
more participants, provide each group with a kit.
The kit can be printed on A4 paper or cardboard. For best results, use 160g/m2 paper.
The first 9 pages have borders of different colours, indicating the colour of the paper on which they
should be printed. There are 3 or 4 green, 3 or 4 blue, 1 yellow and 2 orange sheets.
The other pages should be printed on white paper or cardboard.
The last 4 pages contain the placemat and the instructions for each participant.
It is important that each participant has a placemat in A3 format.
The instruction card should be printed preferably in colour, although it will work also in black and white.
Make sure that there are as many placemats and instructions cards as there are participants.
Enjoy Decide!
For any question or information on how to play the game, please email: info@playdecide.org
3. Instructions
1.
Preparation.
Print out the PDFs on coloured paper or light cardboard according to the files’ names.
You need the following A4 sheets: yellow (1), orange (2), green (3 or 4), blue (3 or 4) and white (7).
Cut out the cards.
Print or copy as many placemats and instructions as there are players. Decide works best when
played by 4 to 8 people.
2.
Getting started.
From start to finish, Decide will take 80 minutes to play.
All players have a ‘placemat’ in front of them. There are different types of cards that will gradually fill
up the placemats.
The facilitator talks the players through the flow of decide using the visual instructions. He or she
points out the aims of the game.
During the first part of Decide, information is gathered and shared. Then the discussion phase follows.
In the third part the players try to formulate a shared group response. Decide ends when the results
are uploaded to www.playdecide.eu and to the Xplore Health blog.
Before the first phase starts, the facilitator reminds all players about the conversation guidelines
(bottom left) and hands out the yellow cards.
Anyone can raise a yellow card to pause the discussion in case they feel someone is not respecting
the guidelines. When the issue is solved, the discussion resumes.
On the top right there is a space for notes and ‘initial thoughts’.
4. 3.
Phase 1. Information
This part of the game will take approximately 30 minutes. All players read the introduction (top-left).
All players read a few storycards, choose one, which is significant for them and put it on the placemat.
Each player briefly summarizes their storycard.
All players exchange and read infocards, choose two, which are significant for them and put them on
the placemat. Each player briefly summarizes their infocards.
All players read issuecards, choose two, which are significant for them and put them on the placemat.
Each player briefly summarizes their issuecards.
Players can use the white cards at any time to add information and issues if needed. (Not all steps are
shown, the same procedure is repeated for story-, info- and issuecards. At the end of this phase all
types of cards are on the placemats as shown in the last image)
4.
Phase 2. Discussion
This part of the game takes approximately another 30 minutes.
There are different ways to discuss. You can choose one that fits the character of the group.
There is the ‘Free form’. No restrictions, the discussion flows among the players. Everyone tries to
respect the guidelines (if not the yellow cards can be used).
A more structured way to discuss is to ‘talk in rounds’.
If the discussion is difficult or it slows down, ‘challengecards’ might loosen things up. The facilitator
hands them out, face down. Players read them and take action.
During this phase, players use the cards to sustain their arguments.
They put on the table the cards that back up their contributions, group them and record the discussion
by making clusters around the themes that reflect the group’s vision.
All types of cards can be used to make a cluster. At the end of this phase there should be at least one
cluster.
5. 5.
Phase 3. A shared group response
This last part of decide will take approximately 20 minutes. Everybody reads the 4 policy positions.
Based on the conclusions of the cluster(s), all players vote individually in turn on all 4 policies.
Try to look for common ground. Is there a policy position you can all live with? If not, try as a group to
formulate your own ‘fifth policy’.
6.
Upload results
The facilitator transfers the results on the voting form using the ‘Share your results’ function on
www.playdecide.eu. Your results will be added to the results of all other Decide sessions played in
Europe.
The facilitator publishes a post on the Xplore Health blog to share the experience with other
audiences, and links to the Play Decide website where the results are published.
Decide game developed by Michael Creek, in collaboration with Barcelona Science Park, in the
context of the Xplore Health project.
With the kind collaboration of Caterina Guinovart,
researcher at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health,
ISGlobal.
Thanks also to Paola Rodari at SISSA Medialab and Andrea Bandelli for their invaluable feedback.
The PlayDecide game format was developed by the projects DECIDE and FUND: see
www.playdecide.eu
6.
7.
8.
9. Info Card 1 Info Card 2 Info Card 3
Genetic protection against Acquired immunity to malaria Malaria and pregnancy
malaria
In areas where malaria is endemic, During pregnancy, women are more
One third of the population in people develop a natural acquired at risk of severe diseases like
sub-Saharan Africa possess a form immunity to malaria. If children malaria. Malaria infection can also
of genetic protection against malaria. survive the first years of life after cross the placenta and affect the
They are born with one copy of the repeated exposure to the malaria foetus.
gene for Sickle Cell Anaemia or parasite, they become semi-immune,
Thalassaemia, which confers certain which means malaria infection will
protection against severe malaria. show no symptoms or only mild
symptoms.
Info Card 4 Info Card 5 Info Card 6
Development of a malaria Insecticides and malaria Preventing malaria in
vaccine prevention pregnant women (IPTp)
A new vaccine, called RTS,S and To prevent malaria, one very A strategy called Intermittent
produced by GlaxoSmithKline, has successful method is to spray the Preventive Treatment for pregnant
shown to be partially effective against walls of houses with insecticidal women (IPTp), which means taking
infection and clinical malaria in sprays, and to distribute nets treated an antimalarial drug 2 or 3 times
babies and children up to 5. A clinical with insecticides, to sleep under. during pregnancy, is now
trial is ongoing with thousands of Insecticide-treated nets require recommended in endemic areas. It is
children in Africa. If successful, it will regular re-treatment. recommended that pregnant women
become the first malaria vaccine to sleep under insecticide-treated nets.
be licensed. However, it will only be
effective in about 50% of children.
Info Card 7 Info Card 8 Info Card 9
Intermittent preventive Eliminating malaria Malaria and the economy
treatment in infants (IPTi)
Malaria has been successfully In Africa, malaria is thought to be
The WHO recommends IPTi for eliminated from several parts of the responsible for 12 billion US dollars
infants in endemic areas. This is a full world, through a combination of every year in public and private
course of antimalarial drugs given to medical and environmental spending, resulting in a loss of 1.3%
infants at the same time as routine strategies, including drainage of of gross domestic product per year.
vaccinations - usually at 3, 4 and 9 habitats where mosquitos breed, use
months of age. It is also of antimalarial drugs and use of
recommended that infants and young insecticides.
children sleep under
insecticide-treated nets.
10. Info Card 10 Info Card 11 Info Card 12
Who gets malaria? Where is most affected by The scale of insecticide use
malaria?
Around 90% of the cases in Africa In Africa, 75 million people (around
occur in children under 5 and Around 91% of all malaria cases 10% of those at risk of malaria) were
pregnant women. Older children and occurred in the African region during protected by having their household
non-pregnant adults are 2010, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. walls sprayed with insecticide in
semi-immune and protected from Asia, Latin America, and to a lesser 2009.
severe disease. extent the Middle East and parts of
Europe are also affected.
Info Card 13 Info Card 14 Info Card 15
Treatment for malaria RDT: A new method of How widespread is preventive
diagnosis treatment in pregnancy?
Malaria can be treated and cured.
Nowadays artemisinin-combination The Rapid Diagnostic Test is a new 33 out of the 43 countries in Africa
treatments (ACTs) are device that detects the presence of where malaria is endemic adopted
recommended, which combine the parasite in the blood without the intermittent preventive treatment for
several antimalarial drugs. ACTs are need of a microscope. This technique pregnant women as national policy
part of the national policy for is ideal for remote areas where there by the end of 2009.
treatment in 90% of countries where is no microscope, microscopist or
malaria is endemic. electricity. About 30 million RDTs
were delivered by ministries of health
in 2009.
Info Card 16 Info Card 17 Info Card 18
Aiming to eradicate malaria Coverage of What do we mean by
insecticide-treated nets “endemic”?
In 2008, the Roll Back Malaria
initiative, after a call from the Bill and Between 2008 and 2010, around 289 An infection is said to be endemic in
Melinda Gates Foundation, declared million insecticide-treated nets were a population when, if nothing
that eradication was a moral distributed around the world, covering changes, the number of people
obligation for the international around 76% of people at risk. This infected will neither increase nor
community and suggested that it was still below the 80% target set by decrease, but remain at a steady
should be the final goal. The Global the Roll Back Malaria partnership. state. Malaria is endemic in 106
Malaria Action Plan was launched, countries.
and is ongoing.
11. Info Card 19 Info Card 20 Info Card 21
Malaria and conflict Malaria and education Malaria and children
In many low-income countries, civil In areas where malaria is endemic, One in five of all childhood deaths in
war and international conflicts have 20% to 50% of African schoolchildren Africa are due to malaria. It is
led to the breakdown of malaria suffer from malaria each year. estimated that an African child has on
control programmes. Incidence of Malaria is a leading cause of illness average between 1.6 and 5.4
malaria has increased since these and absenteeism among students episodes of malaria fever each year.
conflicts. Money is needed to rebuild and teachers and impairs attendance Every 30 seconds a child dies from
the national programmes. and learning. malaria in Africa.
Info Card 22 Info Card 23 Info Card 24
Malaria and childbirth Cost to households Cost to governments
Pregnant women are at high risk not The average African household In some countries, malaria accounts
only of dying from the complications spends 10% of its yearly income on for up to 40% of public health
of severe malaria, but also of prevention and treatment of malaria. expenditures; 30% to 50% of
spontaneous abortion, premature inpatient hospital admissions; and up
delivery or stillbirth. Malaria is also a to 60% of outpatient health clinic
cause of severe maternal anaemia visits.
and is responsible for about one third
of preventable low birth weight
babies.
Info Card 25 Info Card 26 Info Card 27
Capacity building Resistance to antimalarial Where has malaria been
drugs eliminated?
Countries affected by malaria often
do not have strong enough The parasite that infects people with The Maldives, Tunisia, and most
healthcare programmes to cope. Part malaria can become resistant to recently Morocco, Syria and the
of the global fund to fight malaria is antimalarial drugs over time, United Arab Emirates are some of
spent on improving these systems, depending on the drug and the the countries which have eliminated
training staff, communicating to the location. A parasite can be resistant malaria from within their borders. In
public and monitoring implementation to a drug in one country and not in the past, many countries in Europe,
of malaria programmes. another, for example. Antimalarial North America and Australasia also
drugs are not suitable for continuous had malaria transmission.
use in endemic areas, as the parasite
can soon become resistant and
potentially interfere with acquired
natural immunity.
12. Issue Card 1 Issue Card 2 Issue Card 3
Economic effects of malaria Malaria and social justice Vaccine cost and availability
Malaria affects mainly pregnant Malaria usually affects the poorest, To have a real impact, a vaccine
women and children, which has most vulnerable and least powerful must be cheap (it can be expensive
significant impacts not only on people in society. Care must but subsidised) and available to the
families, but on economic therefore be taken to ensure that most needed. If a vaccine is
development. Resources are diverted malaria programmes really reach produced, funding must be put in
from productive economic activity to those in the most need. place to ensure countries make it
nursing sick children. Malaria is an available. Otherwise, it would remain
important cause of school a luxury for rich people.
absenteeism, because children suffer
malaria or because they have to take
time off school or work to look after
relatives with malaria.
Issue Card 4 Issue Card 5 Issue Card 6
Are nets the solution? Getting the message across Spraying insecticides: for and
against
Nets treated with insecticide are It is not always easy for citizens in
cheap and relatively easily malaria-hit countries to find out about Spraying houses may be as effective
distributed. In an area where nets are malaria prevention and treatment. as nets in limiting malaria. But it uses
used, even people without nets may Programmes to educate them have more insecticide, which can be toxic
be less likely to become infected. But to be funded. to humans when breathed in or
nets rarely eliminate the possibility of swallowed. More insecticide means
infection altogether, as mosquitos do more cost and a greater chance that
not only bite while people are mosquitoes develop resistance.
sleeping. Over time, mosquitoes can
also acquire resistance to the
insecticides in the nets.
Issue Card 7 Issue Card 8 Issue Card 9
Difficulties of prevention Old and new antimalarial Treatment strategy
using drugs drugs
In a population where funding is
Travellers to endemic countries can In some regions, the parasite that limited, how do you decide who to
take antimalarial drugs as prevention transmits malaria has become treat? Those most in need? The
against contracting malaria. But resistant to older types of antimalarial poorest? Those with the most acute
continuous use of drugs to prevent drugs. Developing newer treatments conditions? Those who have the
infection is not feasible for most can be expensive. least access to hospitals?
people who live in malaria endemic
areas – mainly due to problems of
cost, availability and drug resistance.
13. Issue Card 10 Issue Card 11 Issue Card 12
Malaria and poverty What is needed for Getting consent from
elimination? participants for research
Malaria is more likely to affect poor
people as they have poor living Elimination of malaria from an area Researchers need participants from
conditions, poor general health and requires significant investment and countries with malaria in order to test
little access to malaria prevention coordination. If eradication efforts are new treatments, for example. It is
tools. Malaria also makes people not carried through systematically, difficult to ensure these participants
poorer – they have to pay for then there is a risk that the parasite are informed and really agree to the
treatment and lose money from time transmitting malaria can become tests, for reasons to do with
off work. Wiping out poverty is part of resistant to the insecticides, or to the language, cultural diversity, or
the battle against malaria. drugs used to prevent infection. relative lack of knowledge of medical
practice and scientific research.
Issue Card 13 Issue Card 14 Issue Card 15
Why do participants sign up How much is spent on malaria Where should research be
for research? compared to public health focused?
issues elsewhere?
People in malaria-hit countries may Not all research money is spent
take part in clinical trials to get the €4 billion was spent on malaria in directly on developing new
benefit of new drugs which they could 2009, a disease which can potentially treatments and methods of
not otherwise afford to pay for. affect 3 billion of the poorest people prevention. Some is also spent to
in the world. Governments spent €59 better understand the biology of the
billion tackling obesity in 2006 in the parasite and how immunity is
EU alone. acquired, for example.
Issue Card 16 Issue Card 17 Issue Card 18
Prevention or treatment? Individual treatment getting Eradication: mission
cheaper impossible?
It is more cost-effective to spend
money on preventing malaria Treating malaria patients can only Scientists generally agree that with
transmission, rather than treating become cheaper. As funding currently available tools, malaria can
existing cases of malaria. But from an programmes increase, there is be better controlled and eliminated in
ethical perspective, we cannot leave greater demand and so drug some areas, but not eradicated
people untreated, when there is a companies have to make their prices worldwide, unless new tools are
treatment available. more competitive. developed.
14. Issue Card 19 Issue Card 20 Issue Card 21
Should we rely on DDT? Patent protection The social impact of
elimination
DDT is an insecticide used in some The most effective malaria treatments
African and South-East Asian are relatively expensive since they Eliminating malaria often means
countries against mosquitoes. It is rely on patented medications – draining wetlands to prevent
banned in most of the world for its treatments that have been mosquitoes breeding. But this can
harmful effects on health and the “copyrighted” by drug companies, to lead to loss of jobs or homes for
environment. As DDT accumulates in prevent generic versions of a new those who live and work in wetlands.
the soil, health impacts begin to drug being copied and circulated
appear in fish, other marine animals, more cheaply. But if governments
birds, and even humans and other drop this patent protection, drug
mammals. companies will not invest in
anti-malarial drugs because the
research is so expensive.
Issue Card 22 Issue Card 23 Issue Card 24
Resistance to combination How much should be spent on Preferred channels for
therapy malaria? education
There is already evidence of Countries where malaria is endemic People in Tanzania with low access
parasites becoming resistant to the often have other serious public health to information on malaria were
new ACT combination therapy used and development problems such as surveyed to find out how they would
to treat malaria in some countries of poverty, hunger and HIV. How can like to be informed. 74% said radio,
South East Asia. This can be partly we determine where to spend aid 41% by their doctor, 38% by friends
because the individual drugs in the money? and family and 29% by TV.
combination therapy were commonly
distributed, before the combination
therapy became the recommended
treatment.
15. Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card!
Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help
the group stick to the the group stick to the the group stick to the
guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you
feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being
broken or if you do not broken or if you do not broken or if you do not
understand what is going on. understand what is going on. understand what is going on.
Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card!
Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help
the group stick to the the group stick to the the group stick to the
guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you
feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being
broken or if you do not broken or if you do not broken or if you do not
understand what is going on. understand what is going on. understand what is going on.
Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card! Guidelines Yellow Card!
Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help Use the yellow card to help
the group stick to the the group stick to the the group stick to the
guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you guidelines. Wave it if you
feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being feel a guideline is being
broken or if you do not broken or if you do not broken or if you do not
understand what is going on. understand what is going on. understand what is going on.
16. Challenge Card Challenge Card Challenge Card
Explain briefly to your fellow Is the group ‘being polite’ Express any feelings on the
players what you think could and not talking about a subject that you have not yet
be the effect on future ‘taboo’ issue in relation to expressed to the group.
generations. this subject? If so, say
‘We’re not talking about ...’
and start the conversation.
Challenge Card Challenge Card Challenge Card
Pick a story card. As the “We should maximise Find out what the person on
character on your story card, human life and pursue all your right hand side feels on
present to the group your avenues of research to help this subject. Find an
views on this topic. people who are ill.” Do you argument to support their
agree with this statement? opinion.
Challenge Card Challenge Card Challenge Card
Find out what the person on Pick a Story Card character Pick a Story Card and select
your left hand side feels on that is distant from your own one that is different from
this subject. Play devil’s viewpoint. As that character, your own viewpoint. Tell the
advocate (disagree with their briefly tell the group your group how you think your
viewpoint). opinion on what you are own views are similar and
discussing. different to the character.
17. Story Card 1 Story Card 2 Story Card 3
Francis, Tanzania Emebet, Ethiopia Ruth, Ghana
I’m a nurse in Tanzania. I think the I work for the Ministry of Health in I am a research physician from Ghana,
main reason malaria is so widespread Ethiopia. Malaria is one of our top where malaria is the major cause of
here is that most people just don’t health priorities here, along with HIV, death in children under five. I think we
know very much about how to prevent tuberculosis and maternal and child need a wide array of tools to fight
malaria. I see people who think any health. We have recently been able to malaria. No single tool will win the
fever must be malaria, or who think train more than 30,000 health workers fight, even if antimalarial drugs,
that if they show symptoms of malaria, on new guidelines to diagnose and insecticide-treated nets, and indoor
they can stay at home and take treat malaria. We have seen very spraying with insecticides are all
paracetamol. Some arrive at hospital at encouraging results already. We also effective methods. But to me the
the late stages of the disease. Or they managed to distribute 20 million possibility of a vaccine against malaria
get treatment, but don’t finish the insecticide-treated nets in three years. is the greatest opportunity we have of
doses. Many go to witch doctors or use We couldn’t do this without the finally eradicating this disease. It gives
traditional medicine like papaya support of global partnerships and me hope that I could see malaria
leaves. I’d like to be able to educate financing. But we still have around 9 eliminated in Ghana in my lifetime,
people better, but I have enough to do million new cases of malaria every although I am sure it will still need to
just working with my patients. year, in a population of 77 million be used together with the other control
Ethiopians. measures, as it will not protect 100%.
White Card White Card White Card
18. Story Card 4 Story Card 5 Story Card 6
Milu, India Ketsholikei, Botswana Marta, Namibia
I’m a doctor in Labangi, a village in I’m 26, I’m a farmer and I have six I’m a young mum to five children, and
the east of India. Our hospital has a children. I’ve had malaria three times we live a long way from the nearest
programme to treat all patients with in recent years. The symptoms are town. Getting to a hospital is really
fever as if they had malaria until mainly headaches and fever. You get a difficult for us. My daughter Becri is
confirmed otherwise. This strategy is temperature. And you feel really tired, one year old, and I’m especially
not recommended by the World Health with pains all over. With severe forms worried about her getting ill. I am
Organisation (WHO) any more. But I of it, my children run very high HIV+, which means that I am also
think it’s been very effective. The temperatures. Every time I get ill, I more at risk from malaria. Once a
WHO is concerned about malaria can’t work and I don’t have enough community health worker came to give
parasites becoming resistant to the money to feed my family. I often don’t advice on how to prevent malaria, and
drugs, but for us, this treatment is go for treatment because there is no gave us nets, to sleep under and sprays
much cheaper. If we followed WHO money – if I can’t feed my family, I for free. But now the government
guidelines and performed a rapid can’t afford medication. But if I am ill funding for indoor residual spraying
diagnostic test to all patients with fever for a long period of time, who will was cut and residents in our area have
to treat only positive cases, we would provide for my family then? not received sprays, mosquito nets or
spend three times the amount we window screens. There is always a
currently spend on malaria treatment. chance we can get ill, and with the
We just don’t have that kind of money. hospital so far away, I’m not sure how
easily I could get treatment.
White Card White Card White Card
19. Story Card 7 Story Card 8 Story Card 9
Doreen, The Gambia Mamta, India Tilmann, Germany
My son is six months old now. When I I’m a nurse in a hospital in a town in I work in drug development for a
got pregnant I was really worried, the east of India. We only have limited pharmaceutical company. We offer our
because a few of my friends have got facilities, so normally pregnant women malaria treatments for adults and
malaria during their pregnancy. But or babies with symptoms of malaria children at the lowest cost possible. As
my aunt gave me a mosquito net to might have to share beds or sleep on pharmaceutical companies are private,
sleep under while I was pregnant, and the floor if they are with us longer than for profit organisations it is important
the hospital gave me some pills to 48 hours. Babies born to mothers with to incentivise them by various means
prevent me from getting malaria. My malaria are often very underweight, so to invest in research and development
son is healthy for now, but I’m always we try to keep them warm. for malaria. Public-private partnerships
worried, he could get severely ill at We used to use a drug called have worked very well to achieve this.
any time. I noticed that the net we chloroquine to protect people from Governments can also help by
sleep under is not keeping the malaria. But now it has been speeding up the reviews of new drug
mosquitoes away like it used to, but I withdrawn because the parasite that applications, for example.
can’t afford a new one. It’s certainly causes the disease became resistant to For our company, malaria treatments
going to be difficult to afford any more chloroquine. So now nets treated with are part of a strategy for sustainable
treatment, if he does get ill. insecticides are our main method of growth and our corporate social
preventing malaria infection. responsibility. Last year alone, our
access to medicine programme reached
74 million patients and was valued at
over €1 billion or 3% of our sales.
White Card White Card White Card
20. Story Card 10
Thocco, Malawi
I’m a teacher in the Mangochi district
in Malawi. A few years ago, I had
training to treat malaria in school using
a Pupil Treatment Kit. I was trained to
recognise symptoms and give the
treatment safely. I could then treat
students that got ill, and if their
condition didn’t improve, I sent them
to the hospital. The kits cost €50 for
the school every year, and we had to
ask parents and communities to cover
most of the cost. Now the government
has withdrawn the kits, saying there is
a new treatment which we cannot
administer. I have to admit I feel more
comfortable sending the children to
hospital to be treated properly,
although it’s true that they miss a lot of
school because of malaria.
White Card White Card White Card
21. Name of cluster:
Which conclusions does this cluster lead you to?
Cards in this cluster:
Info Card Issue Card Story Card White Card
22. Name of cluster:
Which conclusions does this cluster lead you to?
Cards in this cluster:
Info Card Issue Card Story Card White Card
23. Name of cluster:
Which conclusions does this cluster lead you to?
Cards in this cluster:
Info Card Issue Card Story Card White Card
24. Policy positions for Malaria
1 2 3 4 5
Positions
Support +++
1
Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment
and diagnosis, programmes and research, split ++
proportionally according to the amounts suggested by
the World Health Organisation.
2 +
Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, programmes
and research, split proportionally according to the Acceptable
amounts suggested by the World Health Organisation,
but safeguard the budget for treatment and diagnosis.
-
3
Spend €0.5 billion less across treatment and diagnosis, --
programmes and research, split proportionally
according to the amounts suggested by the World
Health Organisation, but safeguard the budget for
prevention. ---
4 Not acceptable
Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment
and diagnosis and programmes, split proportionally
according to the amounts suggested by the World Abstain
Health Organisation, but safeguard the budget for
research.
5
Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment
and diagnosis, programmes and research, but cut the
budget by region according to the level of poverty in
the region. Regions with lower levels of poverty will
have their budget cut more.
26. Story Card Info Card Info Card Initial Thoughts
Malaria Write down your initial thoughts, use
White cards to add issues
Malaria is a common parasitic disease, caused by a parasite transmitted from human to human via a
mosquito. Three billion people are at risk of malaria. It was responsible for nearly 800,000 deaths .........................................................
worldwide in 2010. The WHO estimates that around €4 billion is necessary in order to tackle malaria
during the year 2015. .........................................................
• €2.7 billion must be raised for prevention (preventive treatment for pregnant women, and
insecticide-treated nets and insecticide for indoor residual spraying) .........................................................
• €0.4 billion must be raised for treatment and diagnosis (anti-malarial drugs and severe case
management, and rapid diagnostic tests)
• €0.6 billion must be raised for programmes (reinforcing healthcare systems, training and pay for .........................................................
medical staff in countries affected and educating citizens)
• €0.6 billion must be raised for research (developing a vaccine and new drugs, and improving .........................................................
diagnostics, treatment and prevention)
Policymakers and NGOs must make efforts to ensure all these targets are met. But if only €3.5 billion .........................................................
of the necessary €4 billion is raised, how should the spending be distributed?
Positions .........................................................
1. Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment and diagnosis, programmes and research, .........................................................
split proportionally according to the amounts suggested by the World Health Organisation.
2. Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, programmes and research, split proportionally .........................................................
according to the amounts suggested by the World Health Organisation, but safeguard the
budget for treatment and diagnosis.
3. Spend €0.5 billion less across treatment and diagnosis, programmes and research, split
proportionally according to the amounts suggested by the World Health Organisation, but
safeguard the budget for prevention.
Issue Card Issue Card Challenge Card
4. Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment and diagnosis and programmes, split
proportionally according to the amounts suggested by the World Health Organisation, but
safeguard the budget for research.
5. Spend €0.5 billion less across prevention, treatment and diagnosis, programmes and research,
but cut the budget by region according to the level of poverty in the region. Regions with lower
levels of poverty will have their budget cut more.
Aims of the game
- Clarify what your opinions are
- Work towards a shared group vision
- Let your voice be heard in Europe
- Enjoy discussing!
Photo credits
1 & 6: Gates Foundation, Flickr. 2: Babasteve, Flickr. 3: IITA Image Library, Flickr. 4: ReSurge
International, Flickr. 5: Yuen-Ping aka YP, Flickr. 7: Daltoris, Flickr. 8: zz77, Flickr. 9: C+H, Flickr. 10:
Matt Floreen, Flickr.
Guidelines Three stages . . . plus one
You have a right to a voice: speak your truth.
But not the whole truth: don't go on and on. 1. Information 2. Discussion 3. Shared group response 4. Action
Clarify your personal view on the Together with the other players, start Reflect on the theme(s) that the group Go to www.playdecide.eu to:
Value your life learning. subject, reading and selecting the discussing and identify one or more has identified and the cards that - Submit the results of your group to the Decide database;
cards which you feel are most larger themes that you all feel relevant. sustain the arguments. As a group, can - See how other European countries think about this issue;
Respect other people. important for you. Place your cards on Everyone gets a chance to speak. Put you reach a positive consensus on a - Read more about this subject;
Allow them to finish before you speak. the placemat and then read them aloud your cards on the table to provide your policy position that reflects the group's - Download a game kit to play with your friends or colleagues;
to the other players. arguments for each theme. view? - Learn how you can make a difference after playing Decide.
Delight in diversity. You can formulate a new common
Welcome surprise or confusion as a sign that you've let in new thoughts or ± 30 MIN. ± 30 MIN. policy, if you wish. Don't forget to publish a post on the Xplore Health blog to share your
feelings. experiences with other audiences!
± 20 MIN.
Look for common ground.
'But' emphasises difference; 'and' emphasises similarity.