1. Plato uses the allegory of the cave to distinguish between appearance and reality, and to explain the process of enlightenment. 2. In the allegory, prisoners chained in a cave see only shadows on the wall from objects being manipulated outside, mistaking these shadows for reality. 3. When one prisoner escapes and sees the true objects and sunlight, he comes to understand the limitations of sense perception and gains true knowledge, though his enlightenment makes him an outcast upon returning to the cave.

1. PLATO: IDEALIST
PHILOSOPHER AND
EDUCATOR FOR THE
PERFECT SOCIETY
G O L D E N L . A N AV E
C Y N T H I A R . D I A LO
M AY A N N A . C UA N A N
RO S M A R I A . A S U BA R
P R ES E N TO RS

2. PLATO

3. BIOGRAPHY
Plato was a classical Greek philosopher.
He was born in Athens, between 427-347 B.C.E
Plato’s birth name was Aristocles ( not to be confused with
Aristotle) and he gained the nickname “ Platon” because of his
broad build.
 He is student of Socrates (c. 470–399 BCE), teacher of Aristotle
(384–322 BCE), and founder of the Academy, best known as the
author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence.
He is the son of Ariston (his father) and Perictione (his mother),
Plato was born in the year after the death of the great Athenian
statesman Pericles.

4. PLATO’S METHOD OF TEACHING
Plato divided his scheme of education into two parts
I.E Elementary and Higher Education. It is so because
according to Plato there are some certain aspects
which are to be developed at a certain age.
The highest goal of education, Plato believed, is the
knowledge of good: to nurture a man to a better
human being it is not merely an awareness of
particular benefits and pleasures.

5. • “ Do not then train youths by force and
hardness but direct them to it by what
amuses their minds so that you may be
better able to discover with accuracy the
peculiar bent of the genius of each”- Plato
• Plato write in his Republic
“ Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no
harm to the body; but knowledge which is
acquired under compulsion obtains no hold
on the mind”.
PLATO’S METHOD OF TEACHING

6. Plato wants a place
where children love
to go and stay there,
and they play with
things which enhance
their education by
playing.
• Plato gives importance
to nursery education, he
thinks nursery education
plays a vital role in the
education of man, it
help to build his moral
character and state of
mind.

7. • Plato believed in the Dialect
method of teaching. In this
method the student is
dependent on the teacher
for knowledge and learning
and the teacher has all the
pressure.
• This can also be seen in his
theory of Allegory of cave.

8. • Plato think it will be hard to discover a
better method of education that that
which the experiences of so many ages
has already discovered, and this may be
summed up as consisting in gymnastics for
the body.
• According to Plato learning is a lifelong
process. Learning is not only done at any
educational institution, but it starts from
the surroundings and ends with the death
of person.

9. PLATO’S AIMS OF EDUCATION
A) To develop leader among the future
rulers
B) To develop hard and competent
workers
C) To produce leaders with military
skill among the warriors
D) To produce future civil servants of
the state.

10. PLATO’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY

11. Relevance of his
philosophy in today’s
education system

12. Plato regards education to achieve
justice, both individual justice and social
justice.
According to Plato, individual justice can
be obtained when everyone develops his or
her ability to the fullest. In this sense,
justice means excellence. For the Greeks
and Plato, excellence is virtue.

13. Do not train children to
learn by force and
harshness, but direct them
to it by what amuses their
mind, so that you may be
better able to discover
with accuracy the peculiar
bent of the genius of each.
Freedom for
Children

14. • It is compulsory, state regulated and meant
for both sexes
• It ensures both physical and mental
development
• The most important part of education is
proper training in nursery
Freedom for
Children

15. It
improves
morality
Elements of
justice
occupies
great position
It is an
ideal
philosophi
cal plan

16. 1. State controlled system of compulsory
education-
He does not favor the idea of leaving
education in the parents. He considered
education as positive means by which the
ruler could mold the character of the
people and promote spirit of unselfish
devotion towards their duties.
2. Favor education, both for men and
women-
He was in favor women holding public office
like men. It is for this step of his, that he is
regarded as a revolutionary.

17. 3. Aimed at moral as well as physical
development of the child-
He held that a healthy mind could
reside only in a healthy body and it
was essential that education should
develop both these faculties.
4. Produce philosopher king-
It was the chief objective of his
scheme of education. The
philosophers were expected to govern
the masses only through rigorous
program of education.

18. CRITICS OF HIS PHILOSOPHY IN TODAY’S
EDUCATION SYSTEM

19. Only 3 subjects
Math, Literature,
and Philosophy in
fourth stage 20-30
years
And too late to
develop reasoning
as the mental
attributes would
have passed right
age to study
science
It focuses too
much on the group
and not enough on
the individuals

20. His training or
education plan was
rigorous and many
would say it was
impossible to meet
such standards
Plato system is
impractical and
theoretical
Education
extending to 35
will be expensive
and will also kill
initiative in men at
the age.

21. “Bodily exercise, when
compulsory, done no harm to the
body, but knowledge which is
acquired under compulsion
obtains no hold on the mind”
-Plato-

22. It is primarily meant for the ruling
class only and ignores the lower
classes, which represents the over-
whelming majority of population.
Its censorship means that
there should be no
freedom of speech and
expression of opinion
other than what the stage
suggests and allows,
which is unacceptable in
modern times.
In curriculum, Plato does
not propose for the
future legislators any
study of finance, law and
military tactics but only
of abstract mathematics

23. • It is more theoretical and less practical.
• It is too expensive to be afforded.
• Very little mention of the education of
any classes except the guardians.
• His classification ( The Producer, The
Auxiliaries and the Guardians) of the
ancient Greek citizen is quite outdated in
our present context but his position can
be considered at his time his proposition
is also defective, his classification was
base on class but how a children’s future
can be predicted was not clear in his
writings.

24. • He criticizes the individual schools of
education because he thought that could
misdirect the student and can be
separated from the ideology of the state
on the other hand his own thought can be
defined as individual thought of state and
education then he falls in his own fallacy.
• His theory can be questioned, moreover it
is evident that diversity and individual
enterprise brought the most fruitful time.
• In the third stage , Plato reserved the
whole space for gymnastics and military
training where there must be some
intellectual training too.

25. Fourth Stage:
Stage to get higher
education at the
age after thirty is
quite difficult
because it will kill
the initiative in
man at that age.
Fifth Stage:
Education shall
be quite hectic
for the learners
at the age of
fifty.

26. ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

28. WHAT IS AN ALLEGORY?
The Allegory of the Cave is a theory
put forward by Plato, concerning
human perceptions.
Plato claimed that knowledge gained
through the sense is no more than
opinion and that, in order to have real
knowledge, we must gain it through
philosophical reasoning.

29. PURSPOSES OF THE ALLEGORY
1. Distinguish appearance from reality-
it is possible to have the wrong
understanding of the things we see,
hear, feel etc.
2. Explain the enlightenment
a. Moving from shadow to the real
b. Involved pain and confusion
c. Makes you an outcast is a one-way
trip
d. Improves you, but makes you a nerd
e. Makes you mentally clumsy
f. Cannot be taught, you must see for
yourself

30. 3. Introduce the theory of forms
a. The allegory provides for an analogy
b. Two realm- Physical and Spiritual
What is Form?
Abstract, perfect, unchanging concept
exist in the forms.
More real

35. The Allegory of the cave by Plato should not be taken at face value. In essays and exams, whoever is
marking it expects you to have a deeper understanding of the meaning of the theory. You can then use
these to think about criticisms and then to form your own opinion.
The Cave
•In Plato’s theory, the cave represents people who believe that knowledge comes from what we see and
hear in the world – empirical evidence. The cave shows that believers of empirical knowledge are
trapped in a ‘cave’ of misunderstanding.
The Shadows
•The Shadows represent the perceptions of those who believe empirical evidence ensures knowledge. If
you believe that what you see should be taken as truth, then you are merely seeing a shadow of the
truth. In Plato’s opinion you are a ‘pleb’ if you believe this (their insult for those who are not
Philosophers)!

36. The Game
•The Game represents how people believe that one person can be a ‘master’
knowledge of the empirical world. Plato is demonstrating that this master
truth, and suggesting that it is ridiculous to admire someone like this.
The Escape
•The escaped prisoner represents the Philosopher, who seeks knowledge
outside of the senses.
•The Sun represents philosophical truth and knowledge
•His intellectual journey represents a philosophers journey when finding
The Return
•The other prisoners reaction to the escapee returning represents that
philosophical truths and do not trust philosophers.