This document discusses various planning tools and techniques. It begins by outlining techniques for assessing the environment such as environmental scanning, competitor intelligence, and forecasting. Forecasting techniques include qualitative and quantitative methods. The document then covers techniques for allocating resources such as budgeting, scheduling, break-even analysis, and linear programming. It also discusses contemporary planning techniques like project management and scenario planning. In conclusion, it emphasizes how organizations can work effectively and efficiently using different tools and techniques for budgeting, scheduling work between employees, and achieving goals.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH WHO IS THE
MOST BENEFICANT AND MERCI FUL
Presented By:
Muzammil Hussain Usman

2. PLANNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
 Techniques for assessing the Environment
 Techniques for Allocating Resources
 Contemporary Planning Techniques

3. TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENT
Interpret environmental changes: expert judgment, environmental risk assessment, mapping and spatial
analysis, impact prediction, impact evaluation, remote sensing, natural resource.
 Environmental Scanning:
Looking around the competitors, Environmental Changing.
 Competitors Intelligence
What are they Doing, How they Doing, Strength of Organization.
 Global Scanning
Collect Information about world, Research about taste of people and technology.
 Forecasting
Predict future events effectively in a timely manner.

4. FORECASTING TECHNIQUES
TYPES OF FORECASTING METHODS
Qualitative methods: These types of forecasting methods are based on judgments, opinions,
intuition, emotions, or personal experiences and are subjective in nature.
Quantitative methods: These types of forecasting methods are based on mathematical (quantitative)
models, and are objective in nature. They rely heavily on mathematical computations.
Benchmarking: evaluate (something) by comparison with a standard

5. TECHNIQUES FOR ALLOCATING RESOURCES
Resources: the assets of the organization take many forms, including financial,
physical, human, intangible, and structural.
• Techniques for allocation:
• Budgeting
• Scheduling
• Breakeven analysis
 Budgeting:
Numerical plans, revenues, expenses
and large capital expenditures
force financial discipline.
 Suggestions For Improving Budgeting
Fix &
Variable
budget
CASH
Budget
Profit
budget
Expens
e
Budget
Revenu
e
Budget

6. SCHEDULING
Detailing what activities have to be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do
each,
and when they are to be completed.
Gantt Charts - show when tasks are supposed to be done
• allow comparison with the actual progress on each task.
Load Charts: vertical axis lists either entire departments or specific resources
and allow managers to plan and control capacity utilization.

7.  A load Chart:
PERT Network Analysis
 Events, Activities, Slack Time, Critical Path
𝑡 𝑜 =
𝑡 𝑜 + 4𝑡 𝑚 + 𝑡 𝑝
6
 Steps in Developing PERT Network.

8. Breakeven Analysis :used to determine how many units must be
sold to have neither profit nor loss.
• P - unit price of product, • VC - variable cost per unit, • TFC - total fixed costs ,•VC
Variable costs - costs that change in proportion to
Output
BE=
𝑇𝐹𝐶
𝑃−𝑉𝐶
Breakeven point - total revenue is just
enough to equal total costs
linear programming:
A mathematical technique for maximizing or
minimizing a linear function of several
variables, such as output or cost.
2p+4s ≤ 1200
2p+2s ≥ 900

9. Contemporary Planning Techniques
Two planning techniques that are appropriate for planning in an environment that’s both dynamic and complex are project
management and scenario planning.
 Project Management
one-shot nature of the project, Difficult, assigned to several projects simultaneously, communication skills and powers of
persuasion.
 Scenario planning
a consistent view of what the future is likely to be
contingency planning; developing scenarios

10. CONCLUSION
 In this Topic we learnt that how to org work
make effective and efficient for using different
tools and technique.
 How to make efficient budget for Org. goals.
 How to scheduled different work b/w
employees.

11. Thank you