ANIn Delhi Feb 2022 | Design the Future with Technology Disruption by N Kishor Narang

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designing a resilient n sustainable future

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Future of Life… on earth…
A crisis as life-altering as the coronavirus pandemic
naturally inspires speculation about how it will
change everything.
These are days definitely to be silent, keep quiet and
introspect.
Let us understand ourselves.
We also got to learn that human desire to
overpower, avariciousness to dominate people and
land, desire to rule the universe comes to nothing in
front of a nano-virus which stealthily takes just
seconds to vanquish the whole humanity!

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Future of Life… on earth…
Starting from a wet market in China’s Wuhan (or
maybe a nearby Lab), the novel coronavirus has
reached the remotest corners of the world.
The impact it has had and continues to have on each
and every aspect of our life is in fact beyond words.
We may not yet know how this story ends, but we
already know for sure that this pandemic has
brought the greatest reversal of our times, turning
the world along with its wisdom on its head…
This is our freak chance to unlearn and learn. Let’s
not blow it.

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Technologies! Boon or Bane?
It has been observed that the technologies
developed by human beings in the last 2-3
centuries have had a major impact on the earth’s
climate and our nature’s equilibrium.
Some believe that we have reached a point of no
return. This can have a huge impact on life on
earth, especially on the human species.
However, while technology has been responsible
for most of it, technology also seems to have a
solution for it.

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OR
THE

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Disruption
🇮🇳 Disruption is everywhere and the future is uncertain — no one knows
what the world will look like even a decade from now. As we head
into future, we are surrounded by disruptive innovation.
🇮🇳 Whether it’s artificial intelligence, driverless cars, space exploration
or quantum computing, it can be hard for even the most enthusiastic
technophiles to stay up to date with all the rapid advances taking
place and coming down the line.
🇮🇳 These innovations are changing the world as we know it. E.g. - how
the combination of AI, IoT and Blockchain is creating both disruption
and opportunity in the enterprise world, not just for consumer facing
businesses, but for all enterprises.
🇮🇳 Over the coming year, what will be the most important developments
in disruptive technology?

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Disruption: The New Normal
🇮🇳As we look to the years & decades ahead, tech-disruption
will be driven as much by the methods and systems as it is
by the devices, we associate with tech disruption.
🇮🇳The pace of innovation is incredibly fast, with new things
getting discovered daily.
🇮🇳The future trends in technology are very diverse, very
intertwined, and very promising.
🇮🇳There are several developments that have and will continue
to shape business strategies.
🇮🇳From automation to sustainability, organizations are
adapting to a whole new wave of consumer preferences.

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Disruption – the New Normal…
"PeaceMaker", the ironically named advanced nuclear
missile that emerged from the US' arsenal during the cold
war, with the ability to carry 10 independent payloads, each
of which was 20 times more powerful that the first nuke
dropped on Hiroshima, changed the future of warfare
forever.
This incident indeed created the worst carnage known to
mankind and made every weapon used until then obsolete.
It changed the fundamental principles of warfare and is to
date deterring humanity from plunging headfast into
another World War.
Likewise, this pandemic is going to have profound and
everlasting impact on how the human race evolves in the
post covid-19 era.

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Today, management of large organizations, startups
and Governments alike, face the same challenge
that Roosevelt did during the Cold War.
Will your organization today approve a radical idea,
allocate funds and be the early adopter amidst a
crisis?
Or, will it stay stuck in the labyrinth of your legacy
and perish?
The global business dynamics is going to witness a
sea of change in the coming times.

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As Prof. Clayton M. Christensen, the scholar who
introduced the Disruptive Innovation theory
says:
Disruption is a process, NOT an event… and
Innovation can only be disruptive relative to
something else…
Are you going to be an Innovator, Early Adopter
or a Laggard?

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The Most Profound Technologies…
The most profound technologies
are those that disappear…
They weave themselves into the
fabric of everyday life until they are
indistinguishable from it…

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Disruptive Technologies
🇮🇳Disruptive technology is the bearer of tremendous
opportunity and equally, a harbinger of
obsolescence.
🇮🇳Technology’s impact on society and business is
substantial, if not underestimated.
🇮🇳Though product cycle times are accelerating, the
underlying technologies unfold over many years.
🇮🇳Within each trend there are multiple enabling
technologies, all at various stages of maturity and
adoption.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The current wave of progress and enthusiasm for
AI began around 2010, driven by three factors
that built upon each other:
🇮🇳The availability of big data from many sources;
🇮🇳Dramatically improved machine learning
approaches and algorithms; and
🇮🇳The capabilities of more powerful computers.

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The “3 P’s & a W” model of Futurology
"Futurology"—or "futures studies", futures research, and foresight—can be summarized as being concerned with "three P's and a W", i.e. "possible, probable, and preferable"
futures, plus "wildcards", which are low-probability, high-impact events, should they occur. Even with high-profile, probable events, such as the fall of telecommunications costs,
the growth of the internet, or the aging demographics of particular countries, there is often significant uncertainty in the rate or continuation of a trend. Thus, a key part of
futures analysis is the managing of uncertainty and risk.

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🇮🇳It is strongly advised to leverage the “3 P’s & a W” model of
Futurology (Possible, Probable, Preferable & Wild Card Futures)
and strive to capture the shifting socio-technological megatrends
and forces to design a ‘Resilient & Sustainable Future’.
🇮🇳This model enables systemic investigation of the future, starting
with the default (Business as Usual) scenario - if we don’t do
anything. It helps us review several scenarios under the threads of
Possible, Probable, Preferable & Wild Card Futures and identifies
the likely consequences. The most plausible scenarios are identified
and tracked to enable future strategy updates to take cognizance of
such trajectories into the future.
🇮🇳 Covid 19 is a living example of Wild Card Future – Low-Probability,
High Impact.
Looking into the Future…

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A little Crystal Ball Gazing…

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Space Tourism is already here…

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We could start seeing delivery drones
finally start making deliveries…

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A Hyperloop could take us in between cities…

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Space trips designed to send people to Mars

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Virtual reality could replace textbooks
during the next decade

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The smartphone will become obsolete by 2025.

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Super tall buildings could function like
mini-cities in the next 20 years…

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We could rely entirely on renewable
energy by the year 2050.

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Biotech: at the forefront of superhumans?
People are getting more and more aware of their
health and the methods they can implement in
order to prevent or overcome diseases and
disablements.
Technology embedded with biology reshapes the
playing field of medical institutions, key in this;
accessibility and scalability.
From biohackers to CRISPR/cas9 gene editing,
this ‘new’ industry is at the forefront of rapid
growth and discussion.

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Arrival of Bio-Digital Convergence
Bio-digital convergence may
profoundly impact our economy, our
ecosystems, and our society. Being
prepared to support it, while
managing its risks with care and
sensitivity, will shape the way we
navigate social and ethical
considerations, as well as guide policy
and governance conversations.
In the coming years, bio-digital technologies could
be woven into our lives in the way that digital
technologies are now. Biological and digital
systems are converging, and could change the
way we work, live, and even evolve as a species.
More than a technological change, this bio-digital
convergence may transform the way we
understand ourselves and cause us to redefine
what we consider human or natural.

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Human Augmentation
• Human augmentation generally refers to
technologies that aim to enhance human
abilities and productivity.
• The field of human augmentation basically
consists of things like physical
augmentation, from prosthetics to AR
glasses and RFID tags infused within
people.
• It is an interdisciplinary field that
addresses methods, technologies and
their applications for improving sensing,
action and cognitive abilities of a human.
• And this is achieved through sensing and
actuation technologies, fusion and fission
of information, and artificial intelligence.
• Wearable interactive technology is an
essential component in enabling human
augmentation as it offers seamless
integration with the physical and digital
world.

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Machines could start thinking like humans
as early as 2025

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Prosthetics could get so advanced in the next
10 years they could give people new skills.

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Clothing could give people superhuman
skills in the next 10 years

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We could live in a Matrix-like virtual World and
People could also become Cyborgs by 2045.

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Hyper-automation
• Hyper-automation is the application of
advanced technologies like artificial
intelligence and machine learning to
bolster workers and automate processes
in a more impactful way.
• It encompasses the automation of
anything capable of being automated. It
also allows organisations to automate
more tedious and complex work.
• Hyper-automation is not simply imitating
how tasks are performed with robotic
process automation.
• It involves multiple tools in the
symphony, such as RPA, intelligent
business management software and AI,
with the goal of increasingly AI-driven
decision making.
• A key attribute of hyper-automation is its
ability to loop humans into the process.

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Autonomous Things
• The field of autonomous things is a
new emerging landscape in
technological developments.
• Autonomous things, which encompass
drones, robots, ships and appliances,
make use of AI to perform tasks that
are typically complemented by
humans.
• It is anticipated that the first mass-
deployment of this disruptive
technology will be the self-driving
cars.
• Conversely, other expectations
include home robotics that will
provide care for the elderly, infirm or
young populace; and military robots
for air, land or sea autonomous
machines with information-collection
or target-attack capabilities.

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Internet of Robotic Things
Internet of Things (IoT)
and Robotics are trends
that are not new in itself.
While robotics for
automation purposes
already exists for decades,
adding IoT into the mix will
change the rules of the
game: Internet of Robotic
Things (IoRT) is making an
entrance.

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Edge Computing
• Edge computing is a distributed computing
paradigm, which transforms the way data is
being handled, processed and delivered from
millions of devices around the world.
• It brings computation and data storage closer
to the source of data or the devices where it is
being collected in order to lessen latency and
bandwidth use.
• The technology was developed owing to the
exponential growth of IoT devices, which is
linked to the internet to either receive
information from the cloud or deliver data
back to the cloud.
• So, to support all those devices, substantial
amounts of computation will have to be
moved to the edge as IoT devices produce a
vast volume of data during the course of their
operations.

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Artificial Intelligence…. To … Singularity…

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Metaverse…
• A metaverse is a network of 3D virtual worlds focused
on social connection. In futurism and science fiction, it
is often described as a hypothetical iteration of the
Internet as a single, universal virtual world that is
facilitated by the use of virtual and augmented reality
headsets.
• The term "metaverse" has its origins in the 1992
science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of
"meta" and "universe." Various metaverses have been
developed for popular use such as virtual world
platforms like Second Life. Some metaverse iterations
involve integration between virtual and physical spaces
and virtual economies, often including a significant
interest in advancing virtual reality technology.
• The term has seen considerable use as a buzzword for
public relations purposes to exaggerate development
progress for various related technologies and projects.
Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are
some of the concerns within metaverses, stemming
from challenges facing the social media and video game
industries as a whole.
The metaverse can be defined as a simulated
digital environment that uses augmented reality
(AR), virtual reality (VR), and blockchain, along
with concepts from social media, to create spaces
for rich user interaction mimicking the real world.

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Web3.0
• Web3 is a new iteration of the internet that harnesses
blockchain to “decentralize” management thus
reducing the control of big corporations, such as
Google or Meta, and making it more democratic. It is
defined by open-source software, is trust less –
doesn’t require the support of a trusted intermediary –
and is permissionless (it has no governing body).
• Web3 draws its named as the third iteration of the
internet. The first iteration of the internet consisted of
read-only, static webpages (view a BBC homepage
from August 2000 as an example). Web 2.0 added the
ability to interact with and produce content, making
activities such as social media and online banking and
shopping possible.
• The concept of Web3 has been around for over half a
decade, originally coined by Ethereum co-founder
Gavin Wood in 2014. It gained traction, however, in
2021 with the proliferation of blockchain technologies,
expanding NFT markets, venture capital investments
and ongoing calls to reign in the power of big tech.
The current internet, Web 2.0, relies on systems and
servers owned largely by big corpora<ons, raising
concerns over system vulnerability and control.
In a Web3 world, ac<vi<es and data would be hosted
on a network of computers using blockchain rather
than corporate servers.
• Anonymous single-sign-on
• Individual ownership and tokeniza<on
• Self-governing

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Democratization of Technology
• The democratization of technology
typically refers to the easy access of
technical domain to everyone,
regardless of their profession and place.
• Previously, patents dominated the
technology industry, and it was hard for
anyone to replicate someone else’s
work.
• But now new-age technologies and
enhanced user experiences have
empowered those outside of the
technology industry to access and utilize
technological products and services.
• Mainly four key aspects of the
democratization of technology are
predicted to make big changes in years
to come which include application
development, design, knowledge, and
data and analytics.

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TOP DISRUPTIVE TECH TRENDS TO WATCH
• The pace of advancements in technologies is increasing
at an unprecedented rate.
• This rapid change is largely fuelled by the
democratization of innovation as cutting-edge
technologies like cloud computing is providing modern
companies access to new disruptive technologies.
• They have a lot to offer to an organization in an effort to
transform its traditional business processes, advancing
efficiency and leading to competitive advantages at the
same time.
• Since the world now stands on the fourth industrial
revolution, disruptive technology is also evolving faster
than ever. And it has become fundamental to business
growth where companies need to implement this
strategically.

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The cloud will play an
increasingly important role in
the global accessibility of
services and data, while the
long-awaited availability of
super-broadband 5G
networks will open a new
chapter in the history of IT
and make the dreams of
today a reality of tomorrow.
TOP DISRUPTIVE TECH TRENDS TO WATCH

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The Three Mega Trends

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Disruptive Technology Trends
• Robots Become Coworkers
• From Wearables to Implantable
• Bots Usurp Apps
• Genetically Modified Life forms
• 3D Printing Gets Industrial
• AI Replaces White Collar
Expertise
• Quantum Computing Gets
Practical
• Self Driving Vehicles On the
High Street
• Blockchain Disrupts More than
Banks
• Virtual Reality as a Commercial
Reality
• From Augmented Reality to
Mixed Reality
• Robots Teaching Themselves
• Cyber Security Wars
• The Things Are Taking Over the
Internet
• Renewables and Clean Energy
Diversify

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CRISPR – Genome Editing Tech…
“CRISPR” (pronounced “crisper”) stands for Clustered
Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which are
the hallmark of a bacterial defense system that forms the
basis for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology.
Gene edi'ng technologies will allow research teams
to precisely alter, delete, and rearrange the DNA of
nearly any living organism. Synthego’s 2017 Future of
CRISPR Research survey found that 87 per cent of
new CRISPR users were also new to gene edi'ng,
showing that CRISPR’s simplicity has catalyzed the
further development of the scien'ﬁc technique
itself. We will see CRISPR’s use cases expand, baOling
disease and world hunger.

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Cellular Agriculture
• The data indicates that 18% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions come from livestock farming.
• By contrast, global transportation accounts for only 13%.
• At the same time 26% of Earth’s ice-free surface is used for livestock
farming.
• This represents nearly 70% of all agricultural land. In addition, 27-29% of
freshwater footprint is used for the production of animal products.
• Livestock farming is a top contributor to deforestation, land degradation,
water pollution and desertification.
• Considering the impacts and challenges of livestock farming and also the
fact that anticipated global demand for animal products to increase by 70%
in 2050 , it becomes extremely important to explore different ways to feed
the growing population without destructing the earth’s resources.

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Cellular Agriculture
• Cellular agriculture and 3D food printing are the
two new technologies that are expected to
change the way people will interact with food in
near future.
• This technology leads to animal-free, cultured &
plant-based versions of meat, milk, eggs and
leather or in other words, they are milk without
cow, eggs without hen and meat without animal.
• Currently the technology for producing meat is
developing fast in this sector both from plant
sources as well as through Cell Culture.

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Vertical Farming
• The most challenging task for scientists and farmers today is to ensure
continuous and sufficient supply of food to growing population.
• Urban centers are already experiencing the pressure due to substantial
increase in population; this growth accompanied with changing food
habits and rising concerns for food quality such as optimum levels of
the nutrition in the food with no chemical residues
(pesticides/fertilizers) used in the production of crops.
• Adding to this, environmental stress (climate change) and shortage of
water and land resources are some major constraints haunting this
task.
• Recent trend in agriculture has seen rising interest in vertical farming
and intensive agriculture to accommodate the demands of increasing
population and address the rising concern for environmental issues.
Vertical farming shall help in meeting the food & other demands of the
rapidly growing urban population.

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Vertical Farming
• The vertical farm basically employs conventional farming methods such as
hydroponics and aeroponics to produce more yields in controlled
conditions.
• Vertical farming is a system of farming whereby plants, animals, fungi and
other life forms are cultivated for food, fuel, fiber or other products or
services by artificially stacking them vertically above each other.
• Vertical farming is basically large-scale agriculture in urban high-rise
structures. The concept foresees the cultivation of fruits, vegetables,
medicinal, fuel producing plants and other plant products in the cities and
marketing directly within the cities, thereby reducing the transportation
costs and efficient utilizing land and water resources.
• Vertical farming is a step ahead technology from green houses as it
involves harnessing of resources in vertical arrays and can feed the
demands of food supply with the resources of urban centers. It is
estimated that, a vertical farm of 9300 m2 (roughly the size of a city
block) with 30 stories can provide around 15,000 people with 2000 kcal of
nutrition per day ( www.verticalfarms.com.au ).

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Driving CO2 emissions to zero (CCUS)
Any pathway to mitigate climate change requires the rapid reduction of CO2 emissions and
negative-emissions technologies to cut atmospheric concentrations. Technology and
regulation will be the key.
Growing concerns about climate change are intensifying interest in advanced technologies to
reduce emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, such as cement, and also to draw down CO2 levels
in the atmosphere. High on the list is carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS), the term for a
family of technologies and techniques that do exactly what they say: they capture CO2 and
use or store it to prevent its release into the atmosphere. Through direct air capture (DAC) or
bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), CCUS can actually draw down
CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere—“negative emissions,” as this is called. In some cases,
that CO2 can be used to create products ranging from cement to synthetic fuels.
• Cementing in CO2 for the ages
• Carbon-neutral fuels for jets and more
• Direct Air Capture (DAC) Capturing CO2 from ambient air—anywhere
• The biomass-energy cycle: CO2 neutral or even negative
• Carbon fiber
• Storing carbon in your mattress?
• Biochar, anyone?
Carbon Capture, Use & Storage

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The Zero-Carbon Car:
The automotive industry could abate 66 percent
of emissions from their material production at no
extra cost by 2030—if industry participants work
together and start now.
Aba$ng material emissions is next on the agenda

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Conscious Consumerism:
from Wealth to Wellbeing
Consumers start to understand that the current
impact of human beings on the world needs to be
changed.
This means that people not only start to live
healthier (nutrition), but also want to have more
insights in the origin of food and goods towards a
more sustainable planet.

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The digital revolution…
• IoT
• 5G… 6G
• Big Data
• Artificial Intelligence
• Quantum Computing
• …..

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IoT 2.0 – IoT Coming of Age…
v“IoT”, a concept that originally sounded like
something out of sci-fi movie -- the "Internet of
Things" -- is, in fact, a reality, and one that is
bound to become even more widespread.
vFrom being considered as one of the most
Disruptive Technologies in the early years of last
decade to coming on the verge of becoming one
of the most Profound Technologies by weaving
itself into the fabric of everyday life until it
becomes indistinguishable from it…

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Deﬁning the IoT Systems:

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Internet of Things…
Internet of Things is all about
“heterogeneous” and “aware”
devices interacting to simplify
people’s life in some way or the
other.

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Technical Perspective
Sensing Layer
Communica1on Layer
Management Layer

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vSensing Nodes,
vLocal Embedded Processing Nodes,
vConnectivity Nodes,
vSoftware to automate tasks and enable new
“Classes of Services”
vRemote Embedded Processing Nodes,
vand last but not the least “Full Security” across
the “Signal Path”.
Key Components of IoT:

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What’s different about IoT?
Device
Mgmt
Access
Mgmt
Compute
Mgmt
Protocol
Mgmt
Data
Mgmt
Connec<vity
Mgmt
Peripheral
Device
Edge
Gateway
Field Area
Gateway
Enterprise
Gateway
Storage
System
Data
Processing
System
Applica9on Workﬂow
Opera&onal Technologies Informa&on Technologies
Event based ac'ons on real 'me
high velocity data Query based ac'on on non real
'me high volume data

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Applications & Business Models
Most analysts project a 20% CAGR for IoT – and
that’s a faster adoption rate than the growth of
any economy – to some that means that things
are not broken.
However, the ground reality in India is a far cry
from this rosy picture. All IoT companies are still
struggling to get a foothold on the market.
designing with secure n sustainable dna copyright©narnix2019
Reality check of the Hypes, Myths, Contemporary Practices
and Imperatives in the shifting Socio-Techno Scenario.

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The Macro Dynamics…
• Profit from IoT for different Nations, different Ecosystems
& different Stakeholders is highly dependent on the Macro
Dynamics in their respective environments…
• A comprehensive environment scan of the Macro
dynamics (within one’s Techno-socio-economic
environment) can help understand their impact on any
IoT organization’s business revenues and provide
Actionable Insights to address the challenges and develop
a long-term strategy and roadmap to evolve and mature
into to sustainable IoT organization.
designing with secure n sustainable dna copyright©narnix2019

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Hurdles in fast growth of IoT:

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IoT Ecosystem & Value Chain…
The IoT value chain is perhaps the most diverse
and complicated value chain of any industry or
consortium that exists in the world.
In fact, the gold rush to IoT is so pervasive that if
you combine much of the value chain of most
industry trade associations, standards bodies, the
ecosystem partners of trade associations and
standards bodies, and then add in the different
technology providers feeding those industries,
you get close to understanding the scope of the
task.

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Challenges…
• In this absolutely heterogeneous scenario,
coming up with common harmonized standards
is a major hurdle.
• We need to see acceleration and a maturing of
common standards, more cross-sector
collaboration and creative approaches to
business models….

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The Imperative
• Hence, in spite of so much hype and even
genuine potential, the IoT paradigm has not
proliferated in a true sense to its desired
potential.
• Bringing the “Internet of Things” to life requires
a comprehensive systems approach, inclusive
of intelligent processing and sensing
technology, connectivity, software and
services, along with a leading ecosystem of
partners.

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To give IoT the required momentum, device
management platforms, cloud computing and big data
sciences in the virtual world are already flourishing
and well geared up to meet the expectations of the
designers.
But the physical world needs to catch up. The
wireless and networking technologies need to mature
very fast; we need innovative approaches in
deployment of large sensor (and actuator) networks.
Maturity Stage of IoT Components:

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Maturity Stage of IoT Components:
• However, it is high time we try to bring some
semblance into this chaotic paradigm by bringing
the systems approach to resolve this complex
problem…
• There is still ample scope to harmonize quite a
many aspects and bring interoperability amongst
multiple competing and/or conflicting standards be
it in the Syntactic & Semantic aspects, or at
different layers’ Protocols like Network Layer &
application Layer Protocols…

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IoT Architecture & Protocols

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Protocol dilemma/convergence
• Device management is not an option: Every processor and
every application need to be configured, upgraded and
monitored.
• Each protocol must be secured.
• And synchronized: You can’t trigger an update with a protocol,
while you are rebooting the device using another.
• M2M/IoT is not a simple problem.
• Security and provisioning are really the hardest ones.
• Try hard to reduce the number of protocols to make your
life easier!
• THERE IS NO SINGLE PROTOCOL TO RULE THEM ALL?
– Every protocol is nice and specialized?

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• Security and privacy issues (Note that security and privacy
measure are a lot of times at odds with each other)
• Endless IoT applications
• Endless potential types of edge node technologies, and the
interface to the communication nodes (e.g. Sensors and use
cases integration into Telco services)
• High fragmentation of today’s IoT connectivity solutions
• Lots of legacy systems that will now be a part of IPv6 network,
with no (or minimal) existing “co-existence” and
interoperability plans
Challenges in fast growth of IoT:
The challenges that inhibit the IoT-related standards
and hence a robust rollout of IoT services are:

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• Partnerships, between heterogeneous and diverse industries,
and defining the associated business models involving
multiple stakeholders and service providers of some of those
legacy systems in number
• Management and provisioning of the various networked
devices, applications, and services, and the network capacity
planning that comes with it
• Regulatory issues that will hinder deployments on a
worldwide basis
• Special needs of “industrial grade” product rollouts, with long
lasting requirements in the field, that require future proofing
of any standard recommended
• Slow development of the IoT services market, partially due to
lack of future proof standards etc.
Challenges in fast growth of IoT:

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• Global Neural Network of Networks…
• Homogeneous Network of Heterogeneous
Devices…
• Industrial IoT v/s Consumer IoT…
• Services v/s Applications…
• Infrastructure v/s Enterprise v/s Homes
• End to end Security in the Signal Chain…
IoT Paradigm & challenges ! ! !

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Open Infrastructure Characteris$cs
• Share-ability - economies of scale, minimize duplica<on
• Ubiquity - readily u<lize infrastructure, anywhere
• Integrity - high level of manageability and reliability
• Ease of use - logical and consistent rules to use infrastructure
• Cost eﬀec:veness - value consistent with cost
• Standards – deﬁne how basic elements interrelate
• Openness – supports mul<ple uses & vendors, not proprietary
• Secure – system must be protected
• Scalable –low- or high-density areas, phased implementa<on
The Role of a Standard & Open-Based Architecture

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Will the internet of things sacrifice or save the environment?
• The internet of things (IoT) – that ever-expanding ecosystem
of digital sensors, home appliances and wearable smart
devices – attracts its fair share of attention. Speculation is rife
on how the 25 bn-odd (and counting) “things” will improve
quality of life, streamline business operations and ultimately
fuel economic benefits to the tune of up to $11tn per year by
2025.
• Less often considered is the cost to the environment of such a
vast network of devices. With the full extent of the IoT far
from being realized, even experts are divided on whether it will
spell doom or salvation for the environment. One thing that
experts can agree on is that we shouldn’t wait around to find
out.

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Drops++ can make an Ocean…
• The problem of energy consumption will be a pernicious one.
“These technologies on a device-by-device basis, or even a house-
by-house basis, are not a significant additional contribution to
overall power consumption”. However, multiply that across any
country though and “that’s going to boil down to another power
station or another two power stations”.
• Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies
can help us fight climate change – but they also come at a cost to
the planet. To truly benefit from the technology’s climate
solutions, we also need a better understanding of IoT’s & AI’s
growing carbon footprint. IoT & AI need to be developed and
deployed so it can meet society’s needs and protect the
environment by saving more energy than it expends.

©narnix 2022
v
Smart street-
light
Smart water
meter
Idle Space
Smart
parking
IOT Use cases ready for Implementation

©narnix 2022
Technologies in support of business evolution
2G/3G performance
Establish 4G
Modernize Evolved Packet
Core
Gigabit LTE (TDD, FDD, LAA)
5G Plug-ins
Core Virtualization
Network Slicing
NR
RAN Virtualization
1 2 3
FWA 4K/8K videos
Gaming VR
Autonomous
vehicles
Fleet
monitoring
Connected
car
Car-to-car
communication
Remote control
machinery
Process
Automation
Data
Communication
Surgery
Personal
Assistance
Health
Monitoring
Browsing
Connected
bus stop
Voice
Communication
Voice
Communication
Broadband and Media
Intelligent traffic
systems
Mining
Remote Health Care
Technologies

©narnix 2022
It is all about use case evolution with supporting technologies
Enhanced
mobile
broadband
Automo2ve
Manufacturing
Healthcare
Energy & u2li2es
Screens everywhere
On demand
informa2on
Process automa2on
Metering and smart grid
Multi-standard
network
Cat-M1/NB-IoT
Cloud optimized
functions
VNF orchestration
4K video
Real-2me
informa2on
vehicle to vehicle
Flow management
and remote supervision
Resource management
and automa2on
Monitoring and
medica2on e-care
4K/8K Immersive
experience AR/VR
Autonomous
control
Cloud robo2cs and
remote control
Machine intelligence
and real-2me control
Remote
opera2ons, 3D CT
Scans
Gigabit LTE (TDD,
FDD, LAA)
Massive MIMO
Network slicing
Dynamic service
orchestration
Predictive analytics
Connected doctors and
pa2ents
5G NR
Virtualized RAN
Federated network
Distributed cloud
Real-time machine
learning/AI
5G experience
On the road to 5G
Current
Technologies
—But underlying architecture should be future-proof enabling seamless evolu:on as needed…….

©narnix 2022
IoT may require differentiated service levels
• IoT covers a large range of applications. It can be machine to machine or
consumer or healthcare or automotive etc.
• These applications will have varying degrees of requirements for
connectivity as well as data transmission.
– While a healthcare device may collect continuous amount of data a smart
appliance may not have to be transmitting continuously.
– We can even consider within an automobile for an example various systems, all
systems related to safety may need continuous monitoring and real time
feedback however an infotainment system may have different requirements.
– Environmental applications such as clean air and water monitoring systems may
have another set of requirements.
• All these applications will transfer varying degrees of data, some large
some small and others will be a mix of these and at various intervals vs.
Real time. It maybe important to understand these requirements from a
systems perspective and offer differentiated class of services within a
network that provides connectivity

©narnix 2022
5G…
5G is not just an evolutionary upgrade of the previous generation of
cellular networks, but it is a revolutionary technology envisioned that
will eliminate the bounds of access, bandwidth, performance, and
latency limitations on connectivity worldwide.
5G technologies bring in a universal connectivity angle that has not
been present in the earlier generations of wireless technologies.
With the potential for 5G networks to provide anytime anywhere
connectivity to anything, the number of applications or domains
which can leverage this kind of connectivity will be quite large.
5G will be the connectivity fabric of a new era of information
technology that will transform every sector of the economy and
society.
5G has the potential to enable fundamentally new applications,
industries, and business models and dramatically improve quality of
life around the world via unprecedented use cases that require high
data-rate instantaneous communications, low latency, and massive
connectivity for new applications for mobile, eHealth, autonomous
vehicles, smart cities, smart homes, Industrial IoT, to name a few.

©narnix 2022
5G…
Many application domains have started looking at 5G and 5G-
like technologies to leverage the new features and facilities
provided by the networks like ultra-high speeds, ultra-low
latency, connecting massive number of devices which need on
and off connectivity, and other such requirements.
Smart Cities are considered as one of the high priority
Application domains for 5G.
The operation of Smart Cities relies enormously on IoT, and 5G
wireless networks are expected to be the great IoT enabler.
By offering faster connections, more reliability and higher
capacity at lower costs, 5G is a critical piece of the smart city
puzzle, allowing cities to access the necessary fast connections
to their infrastructure, devices and people.
5G offers the capacity to enable additional smart city
capabilities and applications that require high-bandwidth and
low-latency.

©narnix 2022
What did we set out to achieve ?
Source: ITU-R

©narnix 2022
v Virtualiza)on – IMS, SDN
orchestra)on , ePC
v M/c learning & Robo)cs
based closed loop Self-
healing
v N/w slicing on transport &
core layers
Enabling Technologies & Paradigms…

©narnix 2022
Ultra high storage & Compute
• Big data stack with all
network, customers,
performance & crowd-
sourced data
Enabling Technologies & Paradigms…

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The three broad use cases include enhanced mobile
broadband, mission-critical services and massive IoT
Ref: Leading the World to 5G, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc, 2016
The three broad use cases are characterized by different metrics and parameters
5G - Wide Range of Requirements
Ini$al momentum -
• eMBB
• Fixed wireless access
• Fibre replacement
Enabling capabili9es -
• Integrated Access &
Backhaul
• 5G Unlicensed opera9ons
with LTE DC
• Local/Private/Neutral Host
5G networks
• mIoT Relay for extension
• Highly accurate posi9oning –
remote
control/robo9cs/hap9cs

©narnix 2022
Future Architecture
One Network – Diverse Use Cases
@
10-100X
End-user Data Rates
5X
Lower Latency
10-100X
Connected Devices
10X
Battery Life
1000X
Mobile Data Volumes

©narnix 2022
5G Networks and the Threat Landscape

©narnix 2022
5G Service Based Architecture

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Example of a Micro Service Architecture

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Cloud Native Application Stacks

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5G Networks Characteristics
• The ability to handle multiple, tailored use cases
is what makes 5G more disruptive than previous
generations of cellular technology.
• As 5G will need to coexist and interwork with 4G
for many years to come, we’re likely to see the
vast majority of these deployments as non stand-
alone (NSA) initially, as a way of reducing time to
market and ensuring good coverage and mobility.

©narnix 2022
Network Architecture
vCurrent network architecture needs to evolve to meet the
needs of the wide variety of use cases enabled by 5G
technology.
vAs part of this, the transport network must evolve and
scale efficiently to meet widely varying, but strict,
requirements for performance, capacity, latency, and
security.
vIt must also support the various needs of parallel
network architectures and technologies, and seamlessly
support the coordination between many more cell sites,
including those that will coexist with 4G technology for
many years to come.

©narnix 2022
Design Principles
• Agnosticism
• A Micro-service Architecture
• Application Resiliency
• State Optimized Design
• Orchestration and Automation
–Internal automation and orchestration
–Network level orchestration and
automation

©narnix 2022
5G Paradigm – Key Attributes…
• Distributed Architecture
• Network Slicing
• CUPS
• Cloud RAN
• Virtual Network Functions (on Cloud native)
• Cloud Native Digital Services
• Microservices Architecture
• Continuously Evolving Software
• DevOps

©narnix 2022
From 4G to 5G…
The major difference, from a user point of view, between 4G and 5G
must be something other than faster speed (increased peak bit
rate). For example –
• higher number of simultaneously connected devices,
• higher system spectral efficiency (data volume per area unit),
• lower battery consumption,
• lower outage probability (better coverage),
• high bit rates in larger portions of the coverage area, lower
latencies,
• higher number of supported devices,
• lower infrastructure deployment costs,
• higher versatility and scalability, or
• higher reliability of communication.

©narnix 2022
Expectations from 5G …
• Data rates of tens of megabits per second should be
supported for tens of thousands of users
– 1 gigabit per second to be offered simultaneously to many
workers on the same office floor
– Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections
to be supported for massive sensor deployments
• Spectral efficiency should be significantly enhanced
compared to 4G
• Coverage should be improved
• Signaling efficiency should be enhanced
• Latency should be reduced significantly compared to
LTE.

©narnix 2022
Expectations from 5G …
• A super-efficient mobile network that delivers a better performing network
for lower investment cost. It addresses the mobile network operators pressing
need to see the unit cost of data transport falling at roughly the same rate as
the volume of data demand is rising. It would be a leap forward in efficiency
based on the IET Demand Attentive Network (DAN) philosophy.
• A super-fast mobile network comprising the next generation of small cells
densely clustered to give a contiguous coverage over at least urban areas and
getting the world to the final frontier of true “wide-area mobility." It would
require access to spectrum under 4 GHz perhaps via the world's first global
implementation of Dynamic Spectrum Access.
• A converged fiber-wireless network that uses, for the first time for
wireless Internet access, the millimeter wave bands (20 – 60 GHz) so as to
allow very-wide-bandwidth radio channels able to support data-access speeds
of up to 10 Gbps. The connection essentially comprises “short” wireless links
on the end of local fiber optic cable. It would be more a “nomadic” service (like
Wi-Fi) rather than a wide-area “mobile” service.

©narnix 2022
5G in Smart Infrastructure
To support the main vertical sectors - namely
automotive, transportation, healthcare, energy,
manufacturing, and media and entertainment - the
most important 5G infrastructure performance
requirements are –
• a latency below 5 ms,
• support for device densities of up to 100
devices/m2 and
• reliable coverage area,
a successful 5G deployment will integrate
telecommunication technologies including mobile,
fixed, optical and satellite (both GEO and MEO).

©narnix 2022
5G – Only the Beginning…
The Carl Benz Automobile for the Internet

©narnix 2022
Tectile Internet – 6G & AI
to Control Objects Remotely

©narnix 2022
6G’s Non- Evolutionary Tactile Internet
Challenges

©narnix 2022
1G to 6G Cellular Networking

©narnix 2022
5G Foundation

©narnix 2022
Projecting a Path- towards Universal Autonomy

©narnix 2022
Algorithms decide for every individual
Artificial intelligence has become way of life

©narnix 2022
Decide for us what video
to watch next
Decides whom to vote
for, where to travel, etc.
Decides what to buy
Targeting individual against target groups

©narnix 2022
Intelligence
Intelligence is the capacity to do the right thing at the right time, in
a context where doing nothing (or making no change in behavior)
would be worse. Intelligence then requires
• The capacity to perceive contexts for action,
• The capacity to act, and
• The capacity to associate contexts to actions.
By this definition, plants are intelligent. They can perceive and
respond to the direction of light, for example.
The more conventional understanding of “intelligent” includes being
cognitive, that is, being able to learn new contexts and actions, and
the associations between them.

©narnix 2022
AI Taxonomies:
There are differing taxonomies of AI problems and solutions.
A popular AI textbook used the following taxonomy:
1. Systems that think like humans (e.g., cognitive
architectures and neural networks);
2. Systems that act like humans (e.g., pass the Turing test
via natural language processing; knowledge
representation, automated reasoning, and learning),
3. Systems that think rationally (e.g. logic solvers, inference,
and optimization); and
4. Systems that act rationally (e.g., intelligent software
agents and embodied robots that achieve goals via
perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating,
decision-making, and acting).
* Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) (Essex, England: Pearson, 2009).

©narnix 2022
AI has also been parsed into five general categories:
🌏Logical Reasoning,
🌏Knowledge Representation,
🌏Planning and Navigation,
🌏Natural Language Processing, and
🌏Perception.
* Frank Chen, “AI, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning: A Primer,” Andreessen Horowitz, June 10, 2016, http://a16z.com/2016/06/10/ai-
deep-learning-machines.

©narnix 2022
Concerns about Domestic and Commercial AI
AI is core to some of the most successful companies in history in
terms of market capitalization and, along with information and
communications technology (ICT) more generally, has
revolutionized the ease with which people from all over the world
can create, access, and share knowledge.
However, possible pitfalls of AI could have quite serious
consequences.
• Will AI Outcompete Us?
• Will AI Undermine Societal Stability?
• Will AI Harm Privacy, Personal Liberty, and Autonomy?
Human memory has been outstripped by books for centuries—
mere intelligence is no more of a direct threat than mere
strength.

©narnix 2022
Let’s see where we are heading….

©narnix 2022
Ethical Implications of Disruptive Technologies
• With the ongoing development of powerful technologies and
disruptive innovations such as artificial intelligence and autonomous
systems (AI/AS) comes the need for greater social responsibility and
accountability from the technology community.
• There is no doubt that AI is transforming how we work, play, and
think in revolutionary ways. Recent developments in AI-focused areas
herald its full-fledged arrival via autonomous automobiles, cognitive
computing, and collaborative robotics.
• Like any disruptive innovation, AI presents a number of complex
public policy challenges in terms of our moral values and ethical
principles that require extensive knowledge of science and technology
for effective decision-making.
• These issues span a diverse spectrum of applications including
agriculture, communications, energy, the environment, health care,
and transportation.
• With powerful innovations comes the need for greater social
responsibility from the technology community

©narnix 2022
Would a digital brain have a mind?
Although the human brain and the digital computer share
many traits, simulating the mind in silicon may be
impossible.
Obvious parallels exist between the brain and digital
computers.
To fulfill their responsibility to themselves, and to others
who might be misled by journalistic hyperbole, computing
professionals should have well-founded opinions about the
extent of these parallels.
The profession should refrain from applying humanistic
names to its mechanistic endeavors, and it must be
conscious always of the essential differences between
people and computers.

©narnix 2022
Asimov's Laws of Robotics
• Law One: Robots must never harm human beings
or, through inaction, allow a human being to come
to harm.
• Law Two: Robots must follow instructions from
humans without violating rule 1.
• Law Three: Robots must protect themselves without
violating the other rules.

©narnix 2022
Artificial Heartificial Intelligence

©narnix 2022
“Artificial Intelligence and Ethics by Design.”
Why Ethics?
• With today’s and tomorrow’s increasingly complex ways that data will
used, the law alone as a definer of fair processing is not sufficient.
• the reliance of the new generation of data protection laws on risk,
assessments and defendable fairness.
So, what do we mean by ethics?
• One definition is shared societal values that are often unspoken.
• As a company, how does one design in what is often unspoken?
• And as I think about societal, there are regulatory officials from
every continent and sub region here.
• Which region’s values do we incorporate?
• Is it societal harmony from east Asia?
• Or consequentialism from Europe?
• Or a sense of duty no matter the consequences?

©narnix 2022
Standardizing Ethical Design for Artificial
Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
For decades—even prior to its inception—AI has aroused
both fear and excitement as humanity has contemplated
creating machines like ourselves.
Unfortunately, the misconception that “intelligent”
artifacts should necessarily be human-like has largely
blinded society to the fact that we have been achieving AI
for some time.
Although AI that surpasses human ability grabs headlines
(think of Watson, Deep Mind, or alphaGo), AI has been a
standard part of the industrial repertoire since at least the
1980s, with expert systems checking circuit boards and
credit card transactions.

©narnix 2022
The Digital Transformation
The society, the business, the infrastructure, the services and all
other aspects of the civilization on the planet Earth are going
through a paradigm shift in the wake of technological
advancements, especially in the field of ICT.
All the ecosystems, be it Smart Cities, Smart Grid, Smart Buildings
or Smart Factories now find themselves making three classes of
transformations:
• improvement of infrastructure – to make it resilient &
sustainable…
• addition of the digital layer- which is the essence of the smart
paradigm; and
• business process transformation - necessary to capitalize on the
investments in smart technology.

©narnix 2022
The genesis of Digital Transformation
In digital transformation in any paradigm, domain
or ecosystem --
Ø‘Sustainability is the True Destination’
Ø‘Resilience is the Core Characteristic’
Ø‘Smart is merely the Accelerator’
Standards are the Chromosomes of Digital Infrastructure

©narnix 2022
Digital Transformation Constituents
vInformation Technologies
vOperational Technologies
vNetwork Technologies
vIoT Technologies
NT
OT
IT
IoT

©narnix 2022
Digital Transformation Constituents
NT
OT
IT
IoT
vInformation Technologies
vOperational Technologies
vNetwork Technologies
vIoT Technologies
vArtificial Intelligence

©narnix 2022
Digital Transformation
is not a technology
-----------------------------------------------
It’s a
Complex Paradigm
with domain-specific implications
We are living in an
ephemeral world

©narnix 2022

©narnix 2022
Business models
ARE CHANGING

©narnix 2022
unlimited business models
The Digital
Transformation
is not thinking
about your IT.
It is thinking
about your
Business Model.

©narnix 2022
Mass Customizing
Mass Production
Customer demand
is changing

©narnix 2022
v In the 1960’s NASA was faced with a major problem
v Astronauts needed a pen that would write in the vacuum of space
v NASA developed the “Astronaut Pen” for $ 15 million
Disruptive & Creative – Yet Simple…

©narnix 2022
DATA IS EVERYWHERE

©narnix 2022
If “Data is the Oil of the 21st Century”
(without pollution side effects)
Neelie Kroes, EU Commissioner responsible for the Digital Agenda
Then “Big Data” is the Crude Oil
As it needs lot of processing before it becomes usable
Two Underlying philosophies
Standards are the chromosomes of Smart Infrastructure
&
Narang N. Kishor, NARNIX TECHNOLABS

©narnix 2022
Data’s perilous
journey
Business
Decision
Generate it
Collect it
Validate it
Store it
Contextual
Intelligence
Act on it
It’s all about data

©narnix 2022
Data’s perilous
journey
Business
Decision
Generate it
Collect it
Validate it
Store it
Contextual
Intelligence
Act on it
Digital transformation
It’s all about data

©narnix 2022
Securing the fifth dimension…
What is the new challenge:
the cyber space…

©narnix 2022
Cyber Threat Landscape

©narnix 2022
Security philosophy…

©narnix 2022
We - The Walking Host
• Confidential information is
passed between Smart
Watches and Host Phones
• Medical and Health devices
store and transmit
personal data
• Device firmware and
application updates are not
necessarily secure
How many IP addresses are
on a person?
– Smart watches
– Fitness Devices
– Medical devices
– Smartphones
– Tablets
– Smart glasses
– Headsets
– And more…

©narnix 2022
The Smart but NOT Secure ! ! !
• currently the weakest link in the Smart Infrastructure
Signal Chain is our smart end nodes.
• A robust Communication & IT Infrastructure shall be
no good if we continue to use the devices, which are
not Equally Secure. So, the new imperative for the
design Community is to Design “Smart & Secure”
Phones, Sensors, Devices or Instrument.
“A chain is only as strong as its weakest Link”

©narnix 2022
Cyber Immunity & Cyber Resilience
• The pandemic-induced digital transformation has increased exposure to
cyber threats as we cross the digital fault line due to remote working and
escalated online presence. To counter this, an intuitive and adaptive
cyber posture defined by zero latency networks and quantum leaps will
be needed across industries. These developments, while great for
humanity, will challenge privilege, privacy, and defend every citizen.
• Cyber Immunity will create IT networks that are inherently secure and
self-learning. AI-induced digital intuition is one of the pillars that will
allow intelligent adaption. The ability of AI systems to out-innovate
malicious attacks by mimicking various aspects of human immunity will
be the line of defence to attain cyber resilience based on both supervised
and unsupervised machine learning. These systems will be designed to
make the right decisions with the context-based data, pre-empt attacks
on the basis of initial indicators of compromise or attack, and take
intuitive remediated measures, allowing enterprises to be more resilient.

©narnix 2022
Trustworthiness paradigm…
Ø Trustworthiness is an overarching paradigm with a multitude of
nuances and distinct aspects that it has different connotations
for different sets of stakeholders, use cases and applications.
Ø A working definition of trustworthiness is the degree to which a
user or other stakeholder has confidence that a product or
system will behave as intended. This definition can be applied
across the broad range of systems, technologies, and
application domains
Ø Characteristics of trustworthiness include - Reliability,
Availability, Resilience, Security, Privacy, Safety,
Accountability, Transparency, Integrity, Authenticity, Quality,
Usability and Accuracy.

©narnix 2022
The EVOLUTION we NEVER EXPECTED
• It's a small world. It's also an
increasingly hot, crowded, and
contentious one. The combined effect of
climate change and society’s impact on
the earth is intensifying struggles over
natural resources while also threatening
our infrastructure, food systems and
quality of life.
• It’s increasingly clear that today’s
environmental conditions are not
sustainable. Over the past few decades,
we have made huge progress fighting
disease, poverty, and illiteracy. Now we
must apply that same ingenuity to the
problem of global warming and other
consequences of human activity.

©narnix 2022
Half a Century after PLASTIC became pervasive…

©narnix 2022
Riding the AI Tiger…
• AI as a BIG Hype, is a reality that
scientists who worked on it for last four
decades never ever thought of or
envisaged..
• It is terrifying, scary n chilling…
• It is like riding the Tiger… shall we ever
be able to get off safely? Or Tame the
Tiger?
• To top it all, AI is NOW being leveraged
to bring sustainability in different
aspects… forgetting the Carbon
Footprint it adds to anything when you
apply AI to any Product, System or
Solution…
Is it NOT a DICHOTOMY?

©narnix 2022
Sustainability As Embedded Ethical Value
• AI is a tool for increasing
sustainability. But it has
innated costs too that can’t
just be subtracted from its
savings.
• Sustainability isn’t simply a
technical concern – it is an
ethical concern.
• Need to orient sustainability
forward, towards protection
of people

©narnix 2022
Who is even aware about Green AI???
• Some projects have poured large
amounts of computation into tuning
hyperparameters or searching over
neural architectures, well beyond the
reach of most researchers.
• Creating efficiency in AI research will
decrease its carbon footprint and
increase its inclusivity as deep learning
study should not require the deepest
pockets.
“Green AI” vs “Red AI” =
Efficiency vs Accuracy

©narnix 2022
Learn from our past mistakes –
History always repeats itself…
Past failures to consider environmental
consequences early have been costly:
🌏Semiconductor Industry (Metals, Solvents)
🌏Synthetic Chemicals (PCB, DDT, Freon)
🌏Applications of Natural Compounds
(Chlorine, Asbestos)
🌏Transportation, Energy (Air Pollution,
Global Warming, Nuclear Wastes)

©narnix 2022
🌏 In an ideal world, we would have exactly one standard for each task or
interface.
🌏 However, in reality, there are often overlapping or rivalling standards, driven
by different vendor “camps”.
🌏 So, what can a designer or developer do? Support all standards? Too
expensive.
🌏 Wait for one standard to replace all others? May not happen.
🌏 Implement a software abstraction layer that permits certain
interfaces/standards to be replaced? Good, if possible.
🌏 Choose one standard and accept incompatibility with all others? Bad, but
sometimes the only choice.
The Standardization Conundrum…
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 1990

©narnix 2022
Somebody has to orchestrate
the Symphony of Standards
In fact, it is unlikely to be which
standard, rather which standards since
most architectures do not pick one
standard but have a layered approach
capable of using multiple standards in
the portfolio.
Will System Standards be able to do it?

©narnix 2022
• “The irony is that Standards & even SDOs are not at the forefront of
Solution designers, developers, providers, deployers or users’ minds.”
• There are misconceptions on what standards are for, and the case for
use of standards has not been made. Most researchers, design
engineers and even start-ups argue that standards block innovation.
• In fact, Standardization brings innovation and spreads knowledge.
Standardization helps define the contours of structured innovation,
first because it provides structured methods and reliable data that
save time in the innovation process and, second, because it makes it
easier to disseminate ground-breaking ideas and knowledge about
leading edge techniques.
• Liberalization and Markets have a lot of great virtues, but they cannot
create their own conditions of existences: they must be designed!
…The Standardization Conundrum

©narnix 2022
The Imperatives:
The technological trends in “Smart Homes”,
“Smart Buildings”, “Smart Cities” & “Smart Grid”
are being considered and pursued in isolation
from each other by the respective stake holders.
In fact, they form a very tightly interwoven &
homogenous confluence of similar technologies
being applied in different domains for a common
cause of making our planet earth “smart, green
n secure”.

©narnix 2022
One of the most challenging Imperatives
for
“Standard Development Organizations”
Harmonization of Standards
in
Smart Homes, Smart Buildings, Smart Manufacturing,
Smart Grid & Smart Cities
for
smart, sustainable & secure communities

©narnix 2022
The International System of Standardization
DKE
DKE
ISO IEC
ETSI
CEN CENELEC
India
(national)
Europe
(regional)
International
Telecommunication
General Electrotechnology
Standardisation

©narnix 2022
Cities >> Smart Cities >> Sustainable, Secure & Resilient Cities
Big Data Ar)ﬁcial Intelligence Quantum Compu)ng Evolu)on
M2M to IoT… LTE to 5G Evolution

©narnix 2022
Citizen participation
Identity and culture
Economy and employment
Health
Education
Mixed use
Compactness
Open spaces
Housing and Inclusiveness
Transportation & Mobility
Walkable
IT connctivity
Features of a Smart City
Intelligent government services
Energy supply
Energy source
Water supply
Wastewater management
Water quality
Air quality
Energy efficiency
Underground electric wiring
SanitatIon
Waste management
Safety
24 Features
identified by
MoHUA
GoI

©narnix 2022
Smart Cities & Smart Infrastructure
A sample Indian business case for next 5-10 years:
Ø 250 million Smart Electricity Meters are going to be procured & deployed under the NSGM (National
Smart Grid Mission).
Ø All these Smart Meters are going to use 250 million Communication Modules and minimum 0.5
million Gateways/DCUs (Data Concentrator Units).
Ø Smart Streetlights are going to use more than 100 million Communication Modules and at least
half a million of DCUs/Gateways…
Ø Smart Buildings are going to deploy more than 50 million smart Sensors and at least 100K –
200K DCUs/gateways…
Ø Automobiles shall be using at least 100-200 million communication nodes for Vehicle O & M, V to
V, V to I & other telematics applications…
Ø Similarly, various applications of the Smart Infrastructure paradigm like Smart Water, Smart Gas,
Smart Traffic, Smart Environment, Smart sewage Disposal etc. are going to use a few billions of
Smart Sensors with Communication Modules
To summarize, India ALONE, is going to need a minimum of 5 - 10 billion
Communication modules to be integrated into the Smart Sensors and Controllers
and 10– 50 million Gateways that shall be needed to operate and maintain the
Nation-Wide Critical Infrastructure that needs to be deployed to enable and
empower the citizens to lead a sustainable, safe and secure life …

©narnix 2022
🇮🇳 To map out the scope of smart city
🇮🇳 To clarify the universal values of smart
city
🇮🇳 To reach consensus on the core
capabilities of smart city
🇮🇳 To indicate commonalities between
different city systems
🇮🇳 To provide the reference for integration &
interoperability
🇮🇳 To smooth the collaboration of SDOs and
other city stakeholders
🇮🇳 ……
Common Understanding is a Big Deal

©narnix 2022
Smart Cities ICT Architecture - Simplified View
Sensors, Device & Gateway Layer
Data Exchange & Data Processing Layer
API & Service Orchestra<on Layer
Context Layer (GIS, Time Servers)
G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E
Network & Communica<on Layer
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
Y
I
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
I
O
N
Smart City Applica<ons
Domain Adapta<on Layer
Ci<zens Administrators Service Providers
City KPI (Vision, Mission, Liveability Index)
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
S

©narnix 2022
Mapping the Smart Infrastructure
Philosophy to High-level Functionality
Physical
Infrastructure
Social
Infrastructure
Economic
Infrastructure
Ins5tu5onal
Infrastructure

©narnix 2022
Mapping the Smart Infrastructure
Philosophy to High-level Functionality
The application needs change
(as part of the users’
requirement) to derive value
from different infrastructure
pillars, but the ICT and IoT
backbone remains (or should
remain) the SAME !!!
Physical
Infrastructure
Social
Infrastructure
Economic
Infrastructure
Ins;tu;onal
Infrastructure

©narnix 2022
Smart City Platform
Key Micro Services
ICT Standardiza:on to leverage from exis:ng standards efforts
Service Mesh (Orchestra<on)
Iden%ty Layer Device Layer.
SOM: Coordina%on of services
Adapters : Plug-n-Play
Pla@orm Services for Smart City as a
Service
Infra Services
Data Layer
Partner & Policy Layer. Data Workflow Layer
Data Analy%cs Layer
$$$
API Management
User Account Mgmt.
User Authen1ca1on
(Two Factor)
Password Protec1on &
Recovery
Authoriza1on & RBACS
User Profile
Management
(Extensible)
Single Sign-On & Global
Logout
Social Integra1on
Open standards support
(OAuth, SAML, OpenID)
White Labeling - Login
Box for web apps and
mobile apps
Customiza1on and Rules
AD Integra1on
Secure Device
Onboarding
Device Registra1on /
un-registra1on
Device authen1ca1on
& associa1on
Device ASesta1on &
Blacklis1ng
Asset Management
Field Gateway as
Device Proxies
OTA updates and
configura1on
Open standards
support (TR-69, OMA-
DM, LWM2M)
Device – Applica1on
Permissions
Customiza1on and
Rules
Sensor Data & Events
Data
Flexible Data Model
Support
Data Schema
(Ontology) Support
Stream & Point Data
Persistent Storage &
Ephemeral Data
Data Encryp1on at
REST
IOT Hub (Pub-Sub)
Transport protocols
(HTTP / MQTT / Any
other ?)
Support for Video ?
Binary Data Support
Spa1o – Temporal
Querying
Partner / Service
Provider Onboarding
Developer Onboarding
Dashboards
API Key Management
App Management
Tools for Workflow
Customiza1on
Mone1za1on Support
Integra1on with Billing
& Repor1ng
Mul1-Tenancy and
Data Level Isola1on
Configurable
processing for data
streams
Rule engine Integra1on
Mul1-channel
no1fica1on support
(Email / SMS / GCM)
Real 1me processing
Push No1fica1on
Func1on-as-a-Service
Web Hooks integra1on
for no1fica1on to
Secure Enclave for
running analy1cs
containers near data
Offline and real-1me
big data analy1cs
Time series analysis
(trend, trend variance),
Graph analy1cs
Cohort / Funnel
Analysis for
recommenda1on
Deep Learning
frameworks with
support for Computer
Vision, NLP workloads
Smart Parking Smart Energy ICCC Developer Apps
E-Governance Services OneM2M
Applica%on Layer
Context Layer
Time & Loca1on
Services
Base Map Service
Organiza1on -
Department Space
Boundaries
Map Visualiza1on API’s
Spa1al Planning Tools
Space ID’s
Virtual Private Address
Loca1on coordinates
specifica1on
Time synchroniza1on
service (NTP, PTP)
Time format
specifica1on
Time-Order Guarantees

©narnix 2022
…Classic Saucer Champagne Glass Architecture:
The evolved Comprehensively Unified ICT Architecture can be
modelled as a “Classic Saucer Champagne Glass” with a wide Flat
Bottom Base depicting the multitude of Field Devices & sensors etc.
The Saucer Shaped Bowl on the Top depicting being filled with an
ever-increasing spectrum of City Applications and Citizens’ Services.
The Long Stem depicts all the Common Layers viz.: the Unified Last
Mile Communication, Common Standardized Gateways (application or
Vertical Agnostic), Common Service layer representing the Common
Service Functions in the Gateways, as well as, in the Cloud… and the
Smart City Middleware & City Data Reservoir in the Cloud.
It is the “Long Stem” of the “Champagne Glass Model” instead of
the Short & Narrow Neck in the “Hourglass Model” that brings the
comprehensive harmonization, standardization & interoperability in
the Architecture leading to optimization in operational efficiency & Life
Cycle Cost of the ICT Infrastructure in any Smart City.

©narnix 2022
TRILLION DOLLAR ECONOMY – AGENDA
• India’s GDP to reach US $ 6 Trillion by FY 2027
• Grow at 10% for 3 decades
• Ease of Doing Business
• Making India a part of global supply chain
• Boosting domestic businesses
• Developing India to a manufacturing-based economy
• Young India – skilling the nation and creating opportunities
• Making India hub for R&D
• Urbanization – a unique opportunity

©narnix 2022
Why should India invest in these Program ?
• India today is getting into a leading position
in production of goods, as well as the
equipment
• The world market is undergoing rapid
changes Labor cost, quality demand,
individualized products, shorter product life
cycles
• India must keep production in India or even
get production back from low-cost countries
Manufacturers will be faced with key decisions
on how they plan to compete in this new
marketplace that favours competing on value
over competing on price.
We need
smart solutions
We must
stay ahead
It´s essential
for our economy

©narnix 2022
• Helps keeping production in India
• Helps Indian companies to compete successfully
• Brings leadership on world markets
• Needs skilled workers and gives employment
• Speeds up the production setup process
• A knowledge-based high-tech approach
• Reduces complexity
But…
• Needs a long-term commitment
• Is a major upheaval and not a smooth change
• Is not a single industry solution but has widespread impact
• Needs new skills
• Needs interdisciplinary collaboration
• Is closely linked to Cloud and Big Data
Benefits from Industry 4.0 for the
Indian economy

©narnix 2022
Manufacture
Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 impact
Market
External
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
Produc5on
Internal
I
n
n
o
v
a
5
o
n
E
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
Partner
Vendor
External

©narnix 2022
Industry 4.0 impact
Market
External
Product
Service
Internal
Produc9on
Internal
Partner
Vendor
External
Innova9on
External
• Triangle
relationship
• Manufacture
• Dealer
• Customer
• Regular (real
time) customer
touchpoint
• Digital
Marketplace
• Digital
Marketing
• Global market
• All time
connected
• Real time
customer
experience
• Time to market
• Customized
products
• Use as a Service
• Agile
development
• New business
models
• Global available
• Overall cost
reduction
• Speed &
Productivity
• Scalability &
Flexibility
• Machine uptime
• Predictive
Maintenance
• Asset
Management
• Inventory
• Workflow
• Vendors are
more partner
• Partner eco-
system
• Revenue share
business models
• Data sharing
• Data security
• Implementation
of new partner
(start-ups)
• Enable strong
collaboration
between
business and IT
• Impact of new
technologies
• Regulator
impact
• Start ups
• Big Data
• DaaS
• Analytics, AI,
ML, …
• Security

©narnix 2022
MANUFACTURING - INDIAN SCENARIO
Manufacturing Landscape - Very sophisticated large
manufacturing units + Basic “tool room” type units of SME
segment (significant component of manufacturing segment)
Manufacturing Competitiveness - India is ranked 2nd behind
China.
“Make In India + Skill India + Startup India + Smart Cities +
Rich talent pool of scientists, researchers and engineers
+well-educated English-speaking workforce” = India as
Manufacturing Destination
Manufacturing Position - low-cost, back yard location
Integral part of the global manufacturing enterprise and
location strategy of most conglomerates with global footprints

©narnix 2022
SMART MANUFACTURING –
PRIMARY DRIVERS
Primary Drivers Fuelling adoption of Smart Manufacturing
Integration of Manufacturing Process with other systems like ERP/CRM 17.7%
Reduction of Wastage/Rejections 17.4%
Better utilization of manufacturing assets /better uptime 16.7%
Integration of Supplies into manufacturing process 14.9%
Integration of all shop floor assets into single network 14.5%
Efficiency improvement in IT driven manufacturing process 14.2%
Others 4.6%

©narnix 2022
SMART MANUFACTURING –
POTENTIAL COMPONENTS
Potential components for Smart Manufacturing initiatives in India
Interconnected machines, assets etc. 21.9%
Mobile devices 16.1%
Analytics S/W 15.3%
Cloud computing (including migration) 12.4%
Big Data S/W 10.9%
On premises IoT Servers (Edge devices or Edge architectures) 8%
Addressing the gaps in Tool/Process Integration 10.7%
Security Concerns 4.1%

©narnix 2022
SMART MANUFACTURING – CHALLENGE
• Legacy Equipment/ Processes/ Systems - legacy PLC / and at without
PLC, lock-in by OEMs and all communication ports blocked.
• Security – Remotely located, unattended, on network but managed remotely
assets in a manufacturing factory floor with extremely low resources and are
venerable and have elevated risk of security attacks. MSMEs may suffer
production information data leaks to cyber attack.
• Machine lacks Sensors – legacy machines lack sensors and any other
median to get connected.
• Lack of
- common protocol connecting field devices and shop floor.
- Level of investment needed vs the RoI.
- Workforce skilling and training
- Awareness of new technologies (cost-effective open sources)
- Lack of greenfield projects.

©narnix 2022
INDIA APPROPRIATE INDUSTRY 4.0 or
SMART MANUFACTURING
What are we looking for boosting the Manufacturing Ecosystem
• Common, unified and harmonized Standards for affordable costs
(products, systems and solutions with multi-domain applications)
• Avoid market fragmentation & segmentation, and
• multiply the volume of manufacturing of the respective products and
systems
“India-appropriate” model:
– homogenous & harmonized set of – standards, architectures and
frameworks
– Amongst individual domains of Smart Infrastructure - Smart Homes,
Smart Buildings, Smart Grids, Smart Manufacturing, Smart Cities being
complementing components.

©narnix 2022
Industry 4.0 … to Industry 5.0…
• Industry 4.0 is being criticized with not being able
to provide solutions for all foreseeable future
needs.
• While the focus of Industry 4.0 is mass production,
Industry 5.0 focuses on sustainability.
• Furthermore, we emphasize that regardless of its
version, the next industrial revolution should be
fuelled by both the information technology and the
concerns for environmental sustainability.

©narnix 2022
Industry 4.0 … to Industry 5.0…
• One of the pillars of Industry 4.0 is robotics and
AI. A natural extension of robotics and AI is
man-machine collaboration.
• Just the introduction of human-machine
collaboration on the factory floors falls short for
supporting the case for a new industrial
revolution.
• We need to turn to human element in the
manufacturing process.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0…
• There are various different visions for Industry 5.0. Some
futurists argue that while Industry 4.0 is essentially about
connecting devices together, Industry 5.0 is about
collaboration between humans and machines on the
factory floors.
• The benefits of a collaborative man and machine
workforce:
o There will be a creative human touch on the production
instead of a standard robotic production.
o New jobs will be created.
o Human workers will assume better roles on the factory floor.
o Industry 5.0 is the return of the human touch on the factory
floors.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0…
• The priority of Industry 5.0 is “to utilize
efficiently workforce of machines and people, in
synergy with the environment.
• The theme of this vision is Industrial Upcycling.
• This vision focuses on waste prevention.
• Industry 5.0 includes 6R methodology and
L.E.D. principles.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0 - 6R Methodology…
• Recognize: First, we need to recognize the opportunities offered
by Industrial Upcycling. An awareness is the first required step.
• Reconsider: We need to evaluate and reconsider our business
and manufacturing processes. A redesign of processes to realize
the benefits of Industrial Upcycling is an essential step.
• Realize: After recognition of the opportunities and
reconsideration of business processes, we need to realize the
business process improvement or innovation.
• Reduce: Reducing the use of resources to achieve efficient
outcomes is the essence of the methodology.
• Reuse: Reusing the materials considered as useable prior to
process improvement is also at the center of the methodology.
• Recycle: Recycling as much as possible is one of main expected
outcomes of the Industrial Upcycling effort. Naturally, the ideal is
the zero waste.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0 - 6R Methodology…
6R methodology actually defines a business
improvement model. Depending on the specific
case, it can be considered as a business process
improvement or a business process innovation.
Therefore, the 6R methodology is subject to the
rules, assumptions, and dynamics of process
improvement efforts.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0 & L.E.D. principles …
L.E.D. stands for Logistics Efficiency Design. It is
designed for global supply chain efficiency
improvements.
Its goal is to eliminate the waste created by the
current modern standard buyer-supplier business
relations. L.E.D is the concurrent application of
transparency, profit sharing, and efficiency in the
supply chain.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0 & L.E.D. principles …
Four types of waste are identified in Industrial Upcycling.
These are physical waste, social waste, urban waste, and
process waste.
• Physical Waste: The actual physical waste introduced
during and after the production. It is basically the trash.
• Social Waste: It is the unused potential of the
manpower. People unemployed is at the heart of social
waste.
• Urban Waste: This type of waste includes brownfields,
empty spaces, and inadequate infrastructure.
• Process Waste: Overproduction, overstocking, empty
transport vehicles on the roads are among the process
waste.

©narnix 2022
Industry 5.0 imperative
• Motto - Bioeconomy
• Motivation - Sustainability
• Power Source - Electrical power
- Renewable power sources
• Involved Technologies
– Sustainable Agricultural Production
• Bionics
• Renewable Resources
- Human Robot Coordination
• Involved Research Areas
– Agriculture
• Biology
• Waste Prevention
– Organizational Research –
• Process Innovation and Improvement
• Business Administration

©narnix 2022
Comparison of Industry 4.0 & Industry 5.0
Industry 4.0 Industry 5.0
Motto Smart Factory Bioeconomy
Motivation Mass Production Sustainability
Power
Source
Electrical power
Ø Fossil based fuel
Ø Renewable power sources
Electrical power
Ø Renewable power sources
Involved
Technologies
Ø Internet of Things (IoT)
Ø Cloud Computing
Ø Big Data
Ø Robotics and
Ø Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Ø Sustainable Agricultural Production
Ø Bionics
Ø Renewable Resources
Ø Human Robot Coordination
Involved
Research
Areas
Ø Organizational Research
Ø Process Innovation and
Improvement
Ø Business Administration
Ø Agriculture
Ø Biology
Ø Waste Prevention
Ø Organizational Research
Ø Process Innovation and Improvement
Ø Business Administration

©narnix 2022
MANUFACTURING – STANDARDS
A few additional aspects of Standardization crucial in Manufacturing:
vSafety
vSecurity
vSustainability
vEnergy Efficiency
vEnvironment
v Materials
v Green House Gas
v Carbon Footprint
v Waste/ Recycle
vHealth and Safety

©narnix 2022
Key Takeaways
Need to develop a Comprehensive approach to
🇮🇳Sustainability
🇮🇳Security & Resilience
🇮🇳Leveraging Disruptive Technologies
🇮🇳Ethically Aligned Designs
And adopt Systems approach to Standardization
in complex paradigms…

©narnix 2022
"A Nature-aware society that balances
societal, economic & technological
advancement with the climate and nature’s
equilibrium making our planet Carbon
Neutral, by leveraging Nature-inspired
technology solutions to practice the tenet of
Circular Economy”.
Civilization 6.0 imperative

©narnix 2022
Key Takeaway…
🇮🇳We humans need to radically change our
relationship, not just with the planet, but with the
objects with which we 8ill our lives.
🇮🇳We need to change how we think about
technology and innovation.
🇮🇳Rather than allowing technological advancement
to steer our narratives, innovation and
technology should help us build bridges between
the worlds we inhabit now and the ones we
imagine for tomorrow.

©narnix 2022
narang n. kishor
Mentor &
Principal Design Architect
Technology Philanthropist,
Innovation, Standardization & Sustainability Evangelist…
Technology Consultant, Mentor & Design Architect in
Electrical, Electronics & ICT…
v Over 40 years of professional experience in education, research,
design and consulting .
v Over 30 years of hardcore Research and Design Development
Experience in Solutions, Systems, Products, Hardware, Software &
Firmware (Embedded Software) in fields of Industrial, Power, IT,
Telecom, Medical, Energy and Environment.
v Over 10 years of Consultancy Experience to different segments of
business & industry.
v Over 250 Research & Design Mentees in the Electronics & ICT & STI
Ecosystems.
v Leading & contributing to multiple National & Global Standardization
Initiatives at BIS, Niti Ayog, TSDSI, IEC, ISO, ITU, IEEE etc.…
narnix: the founder

©narnix 2022
Leading Standardiza9on ac9vi9es @BIS - the Indian Na9onal SDO in - Smart Ci9es, Smart Manufacturing, Smart Energy & Ac9ve Assisted Living
as the Chairman of Smart Infrastructure Sec9onal CommiSee LITD 28 in BIS.
Contribu9on in Global SDOs:
v Vice Chair – Strategy in IEC SyC Smart Ci9es.
v Project Leader – IEC TS 63188 ED1 – Smart Ci9es Reference Architecture Methodology
v Project Leader – IEC 63205 ED1 – Smart Ci9es Reference Architecture
v Convenor – Communica9on Technologies Work Group – IEC SyC COMM
v Member Steering CommiSee – OCEANIS (The Open Community for Ethics in Autonomous and Intelligent Systems) &
Chair – Advancing Research Work Group
v Member UL STP 3600 - ‘Measuring and Repor9ng Circular Economy Aspects of Products, Sites and Organiza9ons’
v Co-Editor – ISO 30145 on Smart City ICT Reference Framework
v Co-Editor – ISO 30146 on Smart City ICT Indicators
v Represen9ng Indian Na9onal Body BIS & contribu9ng with Indian perspec9ve in
v IEC – SyC Smart Energy, SyC Ac9ve Assisted Living & SyC Smart Ci9es, SyC Smart Manufacturing. SyC LVDC, SyC Communica9on
Technologies and Architectures; IEC SEG9, SEG 10 & SEG 11.
v ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 41 – Internet of Things & related Technologies, JTC1/SC 42 - Big Data & Ar9ﬁcial Intelligence; JTC1/WG11 – Smart Ci9es,
JTC1/WG13 – Trustworthiness. JTC1/ AG2 - Emerging Technology and Innova9on, JTC1/AG6 - Autonomous and Data Rich Vehicles,
JTC1/AG8 - Meta Reference Architecture and Reference Architecture for Systems Integra9on.
v ISO/TC 204 "Intelligent Transport Systems"
v ITU-T SG 17 – Security & SG20 - Internet of Things (IoT) and its applica9ons including smart ci9es and communi9es (SC&C).
v Standards Column Editor - IEEE IoT Magazine ……….. ……….
narnix: the founder

ANIn Delhi Feb 2022 | Design the Future with Technology Disruption by N Kishor Narang

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