Planning techniques, budgeting, linear programming, scheduling
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The document discusses several topics related to planning including strategic planning, action planning, tactical planning, operational planning, assumption-based planning, and contingency planning. It also defines environmental assessment, environmental scanning, PEST and PESTEL analysis, budgeting, linear programming, scheduling, and the differences between planning and scheduling. Linear programming is described as a mathematical technique for optimizing resource allocation given linear constraints and the goal of maximizing or minimizing an objective function.
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Tools and tecniques of project management
The document discusses various project management tools and techniques including risk management, budgeting, work breakdown structure (WBS), Gantt charts, and critical path analysis (CPA).
It describes how risk management involves identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and developing strategies to mitigate risks. The document also explains how to create a budget with a work breakdown structure to estimate costs for each task. Gantt charts and critical path analysis are time management tools, with CPA preferred for complex projects to show task dependencies.
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Economic evaluations health economics presentation
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Types of value
This document defines and discusses different types of values. There are two main types of values: terminal values and instrumental values. Terminal values refer to desirable end-states or life goals, such as happiness, self-respect, and professional excellence. Instrumental values deal with acceptable means of achieving terminal values, such as being honest, ambitious, and ethical. The document also discusses Rokeach's value survey, which provides examples of terminal values like family security and instrumental values like helpfulness.
Values
Values are defined as collectively held ideas about what is good, desirable, and proper or bad, undesirable, and improper in a culture. Values specify how people should behave and attach degrees of goodness to activities. Values have several key characteristics: they can provide standards of competence and morality; influence behavior; are relatively permanent and central to a person's core being, largely formed early in life; contain judgments of right and wrong; and differ between cultures and individuals. Values help integrate societies, mold culture, and guide social behavior through establishing norms.
Attitude
Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations. Attitudes are complex and influenced by cognitive processes and experiences. They have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Attitudes are formed through classical and operant conditioning, vicarious learning from others, communication, and experiences. Theories of attitude formation include cognitive consistency theories like balance theory and congruity theory, and social judgment theories. Attitudes can be changed by providing information, influencing friends, communication, and addressing discrepancies, but prior commitments, strong commitments, publicly expressed attitudes, low credibility of the source, and insufficient information can act as barriers to attitude change.
Personality
This document provides an overview of personality, including what personality is, its key elements and internal/external nature. It also summarizes three major theories of personality: psychoanalytic theory which sees personality comprising the id, ego and superego; trait theory which identifies stable traits along dimensions like the big five; and self theory proposed by Carl Rogers which focuses on an individual's self-perceptions.
Ethics
This document discusses the importance of ethics. It begins by defining ethics as the branch of philosophy involving concepts of right and wrong conduct. It notes that ethics guides us and is about feeling for others. Having strong ethical values creates integrity and trustworthiness. The document then discusses business ethics, noting businesses must balance profits with societal needs. Unethical behavior can lead to downfall while ethical behavior builds customer loyalty and a positive work environment. The conclusion states that technological growth fails without morals and values, as conscience separates humans from animals. Obeying ethics maintains internal peace and keeps society harmonious.
Organization effectiveness
This document discusses organizational effectiveness and defines it as the extent to which an organization achieves its goals using available resources. It provides definitions of effectiveness from several sources that view it as the degree to which predetermined goals are achieved. The document contrasts organizational effectiveness with efficiency, noting that effectiveness is broader and more difficult to measure while considering external factors like environmental interfaces and human aspects. Finally, it outlines factors that express organizational effectiveness like production, quality, and flexibility, and lists four main approaches to attaining or measuring effectiveness.
Organisational development (characteristics)
Organizational development has the following key characteristics:
1. It is an educational strategy that uses planned change to address real organizational problems.
2. Laboratory training methods and change agents are used to guide groups towards more effective processes and solutions to problems.
3. There is a close working relationship between change agents and organizational members, and organizational development seeks to improve group dynamics, problem-solving capacity, and organizational culture over the long term.
Organisational development (process & od vs md)
The document outlines the four main steps in the organizational development (OD) process according to Lawrence and Lorsch: 1) Identifying problems through diagnosis to determine causes and required actions, 2) Planning a change strategy with goals and an implementation approach and scheme, 3) Implementing the planned changes with help from OD consultants, and 4) Evaluating the process through feedback and comparisons to make modifications if needed.
Leadership
The document discusses various theories and approaches to leadership including trait, behavioral, contingency, and transformational theories. It defines key leadership concepts like the differences between managers and leaders. The document also outlines important competencies of effective leaders such as self-awareness, social skills, and the ability to influence and motivate others.
Organisational culture
This document discusses organizational culture, defining it as patterns of learned behaviors shared among members of an organization, comprising values, beliefs, norms, rituals, and language. It notes that organizational culture provides a sense of identity, commitment to the mission, clarifies standards of behavior, and usually takes 5-10 years to develop. The document also discusses where organizational culture comes from, such as leadership philosophy, and presents Hofstede's model of national culture dimensions including individualism vs collectivism, power distance, and long-term vs short-term orientation.
Group discussion
The document provides tips for participating effectively in group discussions, including listening carefully, contributing facts and figures in short statements, allowing others to speak, and disagreeing politely. It also outlines dos such as initiating discussion only if knowledgeable on the topic and don'ts like overspeaking or arguing. The document gives additional guidance on waiting for an opportunity to speak, being prepared, and thanking others for their contributions.
Communication & email etiquette
Effective communication involves properly encoding and transmitting a message through an appropriate channel so that the intended meaning is received. Common forms of communication include written word and email. To make emails effective, one should select the correct audience, use descriptive subjects, keep messages concise yet clear, and include a professional signature. Poor email habits to avoid are changing subjects without notification, including multiple subjects in one email, displaying all recipient addresses, and improperly replying or forwarding.
Ethics
This document discusses the importance of ethics. It begins by defining ethics as the branch of philosophy involving concepts of right and wrong conduct. It notes that ethics guides us and is about considering others. Having strong ethics creates integrity and trustworthiness. The document then discusses business ethics, noting businesses must balance profits with societal needs. Unethical behavior can lead to downfall while ethical behavior builds customer loyalty, retains employees, and avoids legal problems. The conclusion states that technological progress fails without morals, and ethics maintain internal peace and societal harmony.
Sales management
The document discusses various sales management structures and organizations. It describes line, line and staff, functional, horizontal, and specialized (geographical, product, market) organizational structures. Specialized structures can be combined to form hybrid structures. The key aspects of each structure are outlined, including their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, the document provides an overview of different approaches to organizing sales management functions within a company.
Conflict management 210420
This document discusses organizational conflict and provides an overview of the key concepts. It begins by defining conflict and describing its sources and types. It then outlines the five stages of the conflict process: potential opposition, cognition and personalization, intentions, behavior, and outcomes. Several conflict management strategies are presented, including functional strategies like compromise and collaboration, as well as accommodation, avoidance, and competition. The document also discusses negotiation, outlining the negotiation process and some common issues that can arise.
Learning 13042020
This document discusses different theories and principles of learning. It begins by defining learning and discussing its importance. It then covers the philosophical foundations of learning theory, including nativism and empiricism. Several theories of learning are presented, including classical conditioning by Ivan Pavlov, operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner, and cognitive theories proposed by Edward Tolman. Albert Bandura's social learning theory and the concept of modeling are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing principles of learning such as motivation, reinforcement, and punishment.
Personality 07042020
This document discusses theories of personality including type theory, trait theory, psychoanalytic theory, and social learning theory. It also covers the key aspects that make up personality like the id, ego, superego, and the big five personality traits. Personality is shaped by both hereditary and environmental factors like family and social situations. Various theories are presented on personality development over the lifespan and the attributes that predict behavior in organizations. The importance of matching personality types to different jobs is also covered.
Perception ( meaning, process & significance) 09042020
This document discusses individual perception and its significance in organizational behavior. It defines perception as the complex process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret stimuli to create a meaningful understanding of their environment. The perceptual process involves receiving stimuli, selecting stimuli based on external and internal factors, organizing stimuli through grouping and context, and interpreting stimuli using attribution and stereotypes. Perception influences important organizational behaviors like performance appraisal and impacts relationships through errors like the halo effect. Understanding perception is important for managers to avoid errors and address different needs in the workplace.
Self employment 09042020
This document discusses self-employment. It defines self-employed individuals as those who work independently and contract directly with clients rather than working for an employer. Self-employed individuals include independent contractors, sole proprietors, and those in partnerships. The key aspects are that the self-employed do not receive benefits, are responsible for their own taxes, and can hire employees to help with their work. The taxation rules for the self-employed differ from employees or business owners. Common types of self-employment include independent contractors such as doctors, journalists, and accountants who work independently.
Rural entrepreneurship 07042020
Rural entrepreneurship has significant potential to contribute to economic growth through various business and industries based in rural areas. This includes farm-based enterprises like organic farming, floriculture, high-tech agriculture, medicinal plants, and commercial forestry. Other opportunities are in food processing using agro-waste, producing pesticide products, animal husbandry, sericulture, aquaculture, handicrafts, and handlooms. For rural entrepreneurship to be effective, it is important to properly utilize available resources, generate local employment, enhance traditional culture, and foster economic development while meeting consumer demand.
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Organisational development (process & od vs md)
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Maximize Your Efficiency with This Comprehensive Project Management Platform ...
In today's work environment, staying organized and productive can be a daunting challenge. With multiple tasks, projects, and tools to juggle, it's easy to feel overwhelmed and lose focus. Fortunately, liftOS offers a comprehensive solution to streamline your workflow and boost your productivity. This innovative platform brings together all your essential tools, files, and tasks into a single, centralized workspace, allowing you to work smarter and more efficiently.
一比一原版(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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办理(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(philau毕业证书)美国费城大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
9 Ways Managers Kill Morale (and What to Do Instead)
This presentation, "The Morale Killers: 9 Ways Managers Unintentionally Demotivate Employees (and How to Fix It)," is a deep dive into the critical factors that can negatively impact employee morale and engagement. Based on extensive research and real-world experiences, this presentation reveals the nine most common mistakes managers make, often without even realizing it.
The presentation begins by highlighting the alarming statistic that 70% of employees report feeling disengaged at work, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. It then delves into each of the nine "morale killers," providing clear explanations and illustrative examples.
1. Ignoring Achievements: The presentation emphasizes the importance of recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts, tailored to their individual preferences.
2. Bad Hiring/Promotions & Broken Promises: It reveals the detrimental effects of poor hiring and promotion decisions, along with the erosion of trust that results from broken promises.
3. Treating Everyone Equally & Tolerating Poor Performance: This section stresses the need for fair treatment while acknowledging that employees have different needs. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing poor performance promptly.
4. Stifling Growth & Lack of Interest: The presentation highlights the importance of providing opportunities for learning and growth, as well as showing genuine care for employees' well-being.
5. Unclear Communication & Micromanaging: It exposes the frustration and resentment caused by vague expectations and excessive control, advocating for clear communication and employee empowerment.
The presentation then shifts its focus to the power of recognition and empowerment, highlighting how a culture of appreciation can fuel engagement and motivation. It provides actionable takeaways for managers, emphasizing the need to stop demotivating behaviors and start actively fostering a positive workplace culture.
The presentation concludes with a strong call to action, encouraging viewers to explore the accompanying blog post, "9 Proven Ways to Crush Employee Morale (and How to Avoid Them)," for a more in-depth analysis and practical solutions.
Small Business Management An Entrepreneur’s Guidebook 8th edition by Byrd tes...
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https://qidiantiku.com/test-bank-for-small-business-management-an-entrepreneurs-guidebook-8th-edition-by-mary-jane-byrd.shtml
A comprehensive-study-of-biparjoy-cyclone-disaster-management-in-gujarat-a-ca...
Disaster management;
Cyclone Disaster Management;;
Biparjoy Cyclone Case Study;
Meteorological Observations;
Best practices in Disaster Management;
Synchronization of Agencies;
GSDMA in Cyclone disaster Management;
History of Cyclone in Arabian ocean;
Intensity of Cyclone in Gujarat;
Cyclone preparedness;
Miscellaneous observations - Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of social Media in Disaster Management;
Unique features of Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of IMD in Biparjoy Prediction;
Lessons Learned; Disaster Preparedness; published paper;
Case study; for disaster management agencies; for guideline to manage cyclone disaster; cyclone management; cyclone risks; rescue and rehabilitation for cyclone; timely evacuation during cyclone; port closure; tourism closure etc.
Designing and Sustaining Large-Scale Value-Centered Agile Ecosystems (powered...
Is Agile dead? It depends on what you mean by 'Agile'. If you mean that the organizations are not getting the promised benefits because they were focusing too much on the team-level agile "ways of working" instead of systemic global improvements -- then we are in agreement. It is a misunderstanding of Agility that led us down a dead-end. At Org Topologies, we see bright sparks -- the signs of the 'second wave of Agile' as we call it. The emphasis is shifting towards both in-team and inter-team collaboration. Away from false dichotomies. Both: team autonomy and shared broad product ownership are required to sustain true result-oriented organizational agility. Org Topologies is a package offering a visual language plus thinking tools required to communicate org development direction and can be used to help design and then sustain org change aiming at higher organizational archetypes.
From Concept to reality : Implementing Lean Managements DMAIC Methodology for...
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh is a cornerstone of the economy, but increasing costs and stagnant productivity pose significant challenges to profitability. This study explores the implementation of Lean Management in the Sampling Section of RMG factories to enhance productivity. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, theoretical framework, and action research methodology, the study identifies key areas for improvement and proposes solutions.
Through the DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control), the research identifies low productivity as the primary problem in the Sampling Section, with a PPH (Productivity per head) of only 4.0. Using Lean Management techniques such as 5S, Standardized work, PDCA/Kaizen, KANBAN, and Quick Changeover, the study addresses issues such as pre and post Quick Changeover (QCO) time, improper line balancing, and sudden plan changes.
The research employs regression analysis to test hypotheses, revealing a significant correlation between reducing QCO time and increasing productivity. With a regression equation of Y = -0.000501X + 6.72 and an R-squared value of 0.98, the study demonstrates a strong relationship between the independent variables (QCO downtime and improper line balancing downtime) and the dependent variable (productivity per head).
The findings suggest that by implementing Lean Management practices and addressing key productivity inhibitors, RMG factories can achieve substantial improvements in efficiency and profitability. The study provides valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance productivity in the RMG industry and similar manufacturing sectors.
Customer Relationship Managemenet’s Impact on Customer Satisfaction and Perfo...
Customer Relationship Managemenet’s Impact on Customer Satisfaction and Perfo...Istanbul Beykent University (İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi)
Many companies have perceived CRM that accompanied by numerous
uncoordinated initiatives as a technological solution for problems in
individual areas. However, CRM should be considered as a strategy when
a company decides to implement it due to its humanitarian, technological
and process-related effects (Mendoza et al., 2007, p. 913). CRM is
evolving today as it should be seen as a strategy for maintaining a longterm relationship with customers.
A CRM business strategy includes the internet with the marketing,
sales, operations, customer services, human resources, R&D, finance, and
information technology departments to achieve the company’s purpose and
maximize the profitability of customer interactions (Chen and Popovich,
2003, p. 673).
After Corona Virus Disease-2019/Covid-19 (Coronavirus) first
appeared in Wuhan, China towards the end of 2019, its effects began to
be felt clearly all over the world. If the Coronavirus crisis is not managed
properly in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer
(B2C) sectors, it can have serious negative consequences. In this crisis,
companies can typically face significant losses in their sales performance,
existing customers and customer satisfaction, interruptions in operations
and accordingly bankruptcym249-saw PMI To familiarize the soldier with the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon ...
M249 Saw marksman PMIThe Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW), or 5.56mm M249 is an individually portable, gas operated, magazine or disintegrating metallic link-belt fed, light machine gun with fixed headspace and quick change barrel feature. The M249 engages point targets out to 800 meters, firing the improved NATO standard 5.56mm cartridge. The SAW forms the basis of firepower for the fire team. The gunner has the option of using 30-round M16 magazines or linked ammunition from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines. The gunner's basic load is 600 rounds of linked ammunition. The SAW was developed through an initially Army-led research and development effort and eventually a Joint NDO program in the late 1970s/early 1980s to restore sustained and accurate automatic weapons fire to the fire team and squad. When actually fielded in the mid-1980s, the SAW was issued as a one-for-one replacement for the designated "automatic rifle" (M16A1) in the Fire Team. In this regard, the SAW filled the void created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) during the 1950s because interim automatic weapons (e.g. M-14E2/M16A1) had failed as viable "base of fire" weapons.
Early in the SAW's fielding, the Army identified the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to enhance the weapon. This effort resulted in a "PIP kit" which modifies the barrel, handguard, stock, pistol grip, buffer, and sights.
The M249 machine gun is an ideal complementary weapon system for the infantry squad platoon. It is light enough to be carried and operated by one man, and can be fired from the hip in an assault, even when loaded with a 200-round ammunition box. The barrel change facility ensures that it can continue to fire for long periods. The US Army has conducted strenuous trials on the M249 MG, showing that this weapon has a reliability factor that is well above that of most other small arms weapon systems. Today, the US Army and Marine Corps utilize the license-produced M249 SAW.
Neal Elbaum Shares Top 5 Trends Shaping the Logistics Industry in 2024
In the ever-evolving world of logistics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial. Industry expert Neal Elbaum highlights the top five trends shaping the logistics industry in 2024, offering valuable insights into the future of supply chain management.
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Planning techniques, budgeting, linear programming, scheduling
- 1. Prepared by: Priyanka Roy MIT (PURNEA) POM
- 2. Strategic Planning. Action Planning. Tactical Planning. Operational Planning. Assumption-based Planning (ABP). Contingency Planning.
- 3. Environmental assessment (EA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. In this context, the term "environmental impact assessment" (EIA) is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term "strategic environmental assessment" (SEA) applies to policies, plans and programmes most often proposed by organs of state.
- 4. Environmental scanning is a process that systematically surveys and interprets relevant data to identify external opportunities and threats. An organization gathers information about the external world, its competitors and itself.
- 5. PEST analysis PESTEL analysis (or PESTLE analysis).
- 6. Budgeting is the process of setting revenue and expense targets for a specified period of time, with the budget that results from the process being used to plan and control the allocation of resources. These resources include hiring people and spending money on operating expenses, as well as capital investments.
- 8. Linear programming (LP, also called linear optimization) is a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements are represented by linear relationships. LP is a mathematical modeling technique useful for the allocation of “scarce or limited’’ resources such as labor, material, machine ,time ,warehouse space ,etc…,to several competing activities such as product ,service ,job, new equipments, projects, etc...on the basis of a given criteria of optimality
- 9. The word linear means the relationship which can be represented by a straight line .i.e the relation is of the form ax +by=c. In other words it is used to describe the relationship between two or more variables which are proportional to each other The word “programming” is concerned with the optimal allocation of limited resources. Linear programming is a way to handle certain types of optimization problems. Linear programming is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the best outcome
- 10. A mathematical technique used to obtain an optimum solution in resource allocation problems, such as production planning. It is a mathematical model or technique for efficient and effective utilization of limited recourses to achieve organization objectives (Maximize profits or Minimize cost). When solving a problem using linear programming , the program is put into a number of linear inequalities and then an attempt is made to maximize (or minimize) the inputs
- 11. Planning defines WHAT and HOW, while scheduling defines WHEN and WHO. Scheduling is deciding when and by whom the job is done. Operations and maintenance need to work in a close partnership in order to achieve high scheduling performance since maintenance scheduling is highly depending on production scheduling.
- 12. Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process or manufacturing process. Scheduling is used to allocate plant and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials.