The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Finishing and retention in Begg appliance / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Finishing and retention in Begg appliance / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Functional appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
retention & relapse in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This Presentation tells 4th Stage of Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment in Orthodontics, Retention, which is used to Prevent Relapse after Orthodontic Treatment.
Soft tissue cephalometric analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment of Class 2 malocclusions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Alignment and Leveling of teeth is usually the fundamental and the most important objective of orthodontics during initial phase of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Retention & relapse in orthodonticsChetan Basnet
Retention:
Maintaining newly moved teeth in a position long enough to aid in stabilizing correction.
-Moyer
Relapse:
It has been defined as the loss of any correction achieved by orthodontic treatment.
-Moyer
Functional appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
retention & relapse in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This Presentation tells 4th Stage of Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment in Orthodontics, Retention, which is used to Prevent Relapse after Orthodontic Treatment.
Soft tissue cephalometric analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment of Class 2 malocclusions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Alignment and Leveling of teeth is usually the fundamental and the most important objective of orthodontics during initial phase of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Retention & relapse in orthodonticsChetan Basnet
Retention:
Maintaining newly moved teeth in a position long enough to aid in stabilizing correction.
-Moyer
Relapse:
It has been defined as the loss of any correction achieved by orthodontic treatment.
-Moyer
Failures in Removable Partial Denture ProsthodonticsNaveed AnJum
This presentation gives the clinician a perspective towards various failures in removable partial prosthodontics. The presentation has been made by referring various books and articles related to prosthodontics.
Orthodontic Treatment Modalities Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem
2. Orthodontic Treatment Modalities Preventive orthodontics: Interceptive orthodontics Corrective orthodontics • Removable appliances • Fixed appliances Orthognathic Surgery “Jaw Surgery”
3. Preventive orthodontics Preventive Orthodontics is the action taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be normal at a specific time. Any procedure that attempt to ward off untoward environmental attacks or anything that would change the normal course of events, e.g. 1. Early connection of proximal caries that might change the arch length 2. Early recognition and elimination of oral habits that might interfere with the normal development of the teeth and jaws 3. Placing of a space maintainer to maintain proper position of contiguous teeth It is defined as the action taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be a normal occlusion at a specific time.
4. 1960 : Kesling stated that “some case should be referred as early as 3 or 4 years of age and all cases by the age of 8 or 9 years” there by lying the foundation of preventive and interceptive orthodontics. 1977: Begg stated that “proper time to begin the treatment is as the beginning of the variation from the normal, in the process of development of dental apparatus, as possible” 1980: Profit and Ackermann has defined it as a prevention of potential interference with occlusal development.
5. Various Preventive procedures are : 1. Pre-dental procedures 2. Care of deciduous dentition 3. Patient and parents education programs 4. Supernumerary teeth 5. Early loss of deciduous teeth 6. Proximal caries 7. Oral habits 8. Space maintainers
6. 1. Pre-dental procedures: • Proper nutrition of the child. • Proper nursing care of the infant. • Bottle feeding should be discouraged.
7. 2. Care of deciduous dentition: 3. Patient and parent’s education programs: Need of maintaining good oral hygiene should be explained to the patient and the parents. Demonstration of brushing methods and diet counseling etc are also important.
8. 4. Supernumerary teeth: Supernumerary teeth and supplemental teeth can interfere with the eruption of nearby teeth. Presence of mesiodens prevents the two maxillary central incisors from approximating each other. They should be removed at appropriate time.
9. 5.Oral habits: Abnormal oral habits should be recognized and patient should be helped by motivation or by fitting a suitable habit breaking appliance.
10. digit sucking Methods to prevent tongue thrusting Mouth breathing
11. 6.Space maintainers: Premature loss of deciduous teeth can cause drifting of the adjacent teeth into the space. Space maintainers must be inserted in appropriate cases after the loss of teeth, particularly after the loss of deciduous molars in inadequate arches. Fixed Space Maintainers Removable space maintainers
12. Interceptive orthodontics Richardson (1982)
A systematic review collects all possible studies related to a given topic and design, and reviews and analyzes their results . During the systematic review process, the quality of studies is evaluated, and a statistical meta-analysis of the study results is conducted on the basis of their quality. A meta-analysis is a valid, objective, and scientific method of analyzing and combining different results.
Impression making is an “Ideal impression must be in mind of the dentist bef...Hazimrizk1
Impression making is an
“Ideal impression must be in mind of the dentist before it is in his hand. He must literally make the impression rather than take it”
Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown in prosthodontics.pptxHazimrizk1
It is a full metal crown having a facial surface (or all surfaces) covered by ceramic
material.
It consists of a ceramic layer bonded to a thin cast metal coping.
With the metal understructure, metal-ceramic restorations have greater strength than restorations made of ceramic alone.
Adequate reduction is essential for achieving a good esthetic result
Periodontal abcess in dentistry concise view.pptxHazimrizk1
Periodontal abscess concise view discussing its Definition, Etiology and risk factors,
Pathogenesis,signs and symptomes,Clinical features
Diagnosisand diffrential diagnosis
Management
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
2. Learning outcomes
1. Define Retention and Relapse in orthodontics
2. Describe the causesof relapse
3. Understand the need for retention
4. Discussvaries retentionhypothesis
5. Recognize length of retention period
3. Introduction
• RETAIN –means to “hold back or to hold secure”
• RELAPSE:“to slip or fall back to a former condition,
especially after improvement or seeming
improvement”
4. Why isRetention necessary ?
Proffit-
1. Reorganization of gingival and periodontal tissues
after orthodontic treatment.
2. Soft tissue pressure – relapse tendency.
3. Changes produced by growth may alter treatment
results.
5. Reorganization of gingival and periodontal tissues after
orthodontic treatment.
• Widening of pl space – disruption of fibers
• Teeth respond individually to forces of mastication
• Reorganization 3-4 months
• Slight mobility disappears
6. Failures in retention
– Failure to remove the cause of malocclusion.
– Incorrect diagnosis and treatment planning.
– Lack of normal cuspal interdigitation.
– Arch expansion.- Pre Rx arch dimensions to be
maintained
– Incorrect axial inclinations.
– Failure to manage rotations- over rotation
– Tooth size disharmony
7. Factors affecting type and length of retention
• How many teeth have been moved and how far.
• Occlusion and age of the patient.
• Cause of the particular malocclusion.
• Rapidity of corrections.
• Length of cusps/ relationship of the inclinedplanes.
• Health of the tissues involved.
• Arch harmony.
• Cell metabolism.
• Atmospheric pressure
8. Richard A Riedel – 1960
– Factors affecting retention
– 9Theorems
– Classified retention according to the requirements
of various types of cases.
9. Theorem -
1
Teeth that have been moved tend to return to
their former positions.
– Reasons :
• Musculature
• Apical base
• Transseptal fibers
• Bone morphology
General agreement over holding teeth in their corrected
positions
10. Elimination of the cause of Malocclusion will prevent
recurrence.
Habits, Tongue posture, mouth breathing
Theorem -
2
11. Malocclusion should be overcorrected as a safety factor
• Class II: edge-to-edge
• Class III
• Open bite
• Deep bite
• Expansion
• Rotations- provide space for eruption, surgical intervention
Theorem -
3
12. Proper occlusion is a potent factor in holding
teeth in their corrected positions.
– Maintain health of the periodontium.
– Functional occlusion.
Theorem -
4
13. Bone and adjacent tissues must be allowed time to
reorganize around newly positioned teeth
• Fixed retention
• No positive fixation- allow natural functioning
Theorem -
5
14. If the lower incisors are placed upright over basal bone,
they are more likely to remain in good alignment.
– Better the lingual than labial inclination.
– Secondary to maintaining arch form.
Theorem -
6
15. Corrections carried out during periods of
growth are less likely to relapse.
– Early treatment
– Importance of diagnosis and Rx planning.
– To attain proper muscle balance
Theorem -
7
16. The further teeth have been moved, the less
likelihood there is of relapse.
◊Questionable and not proven.
◊Guidance of eruption preferable.
Theorem -
8
17. Arch form, particularly in the mandibular arch, cannot
be permanently altered by appliance therapy.
Theorem -
9
18. Length of retention period
• No retention required
– Cross Bite (Anterior and posterior)
– Dentition treated with serial extraction
– correction achieved by retraction of maxillary
once the patients has completed growth
– dentitions in which teeth have been separated to
allow eruption of previously blocked out teeth
19. • Limited retention
– Class i non-extraction cases with spacing and
protrusion of maxillary incisors.
– Class i and II extraction cases
– Early correction of rotated teeth
– cases involve ectopic eruption or supernumerary
teeth
– Corrected deep bite
– Class II div II cases
20. • permanent or semi permanent retention
– expansion cases
– cases with generalized spacing
– sever rotation
– Midline diastema
23. Reference for this lecture
1. 4rd edn .
Jeryl D.English. Mosby’s Orthodontic Review,
MOSBY’S
2. Endodontic-orthodontic relationships: a review of
Integrated treatment planning challenges (Hamilton and
Gutmann,1999)
3. Combined endodontic-orthodontic and prosthodontic
Treatment of fractured teeth. Case report (Kocadereli et
al.,1998)