This document provides an overview of the Plan 9 operating system developed at Bell Labs, including: - Plan 9 was developed starting in the 1980s as a successor to UNIX. - It uses a distributed kernel architecture with separate processes for file servers, window servers, and other functions. - Notable features include the 9P protocol for communication between servers, lightweight processes called threads, and a focus on UTF-8 and internationalization. - Plan 9 software and sources are still maintained and available to use on modern systems through projects like 9vx and Plan 9 from User Space.

1. Plan 9 from Bell Labs
oraccha
Plan9 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/oraccha/
2009 8 10 VM

2. Plan 9

3. • Plan 9 OS
• 9vx Plan 9
• Plan 9

4. Plan 9
UNIX
OS
Phil Winterbottom
Dave Presotto
Dennis Ritchie Rob Pike
1995

5. Plan 9
UNIX
OS
Phil Winterbottom Jim McKie
Dave Presotto
Dennis Ritchie Rob Pike
1995 2004

6. Plan 9
• BlueGene/P
• Google Summer of Code
• International Workshop

7. Plan 9
“Not only is UNIX dead,
it’s starting to smell really bad.”
-- Rob Pike, 1991

8. xterm...
User
Window Shell
ASR-33

9. Plan 9
•
• 9P
•

10. •
• open-read-write-close

11. UNIX
Kernel
UFS
UFS
Interface
Process Char Char
Interface device
Block Block
Interface device

12. ...
UNIX
UNIX
•
• UCB
• GUI
• X MIT

13. Socket Other file
Sysctl system
Process Lotsa stuff! UFS
VFS VFS sysfs
Interface
Char Char
Interface device
Block Block
Interface device

14. Kernel
Server
Server
Process
Interface
Device

15. Plan 9
9p2000 protocol
Kernel
Server (process)
Server for email file system
Process
Interface
Server (process)
for local file system
Device

16. 9P
version
auth
attach
flush
error
walk
open
create
read
write
clunk
remove
stat
wstat

17. UNIX I/O
Plan 9
• I/F
•

18. Plan 9 UNIX
root

19. UNIX
• 9P
• proc
•
• rfork clone
•
• UTF-8

20. • i386 AMD64 ARM PowerPC SPARC
• KVM QEMU Virtual
Box VMWare Xen KVM lguest
• MIPS

21. UNIX Plan 9
• Plan9port
• Plan 9
• v9fs
• 9vx
• Plan 9
•
• Drawterm
•

22. 9vx
Plan 9 Plan 9 Plan 9
1 a.out a.out a.out
vx32 sandbox library
Modified Plan 9 kernel
Host OS
(Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS X)

23. 9vx TIPS
• x86_64 Mercurial
- http://code.google.com/p/vx32/
• Plan 9
% 9fs sources
% cd /n/sources
% @{cd plan9/386/lib && tar c .} |
@{cd /386/lib && tar x}

24. • acme:
• kencc: ANSI C
• acid:
• APE: POSIX

25. man emacs(1)
EMACS(1)
NAME
emacs - editor macros
SYNOPSIS
emacs [ options ]
DESCRIPTION
This page intentionally left blank.
SOURCE
MIT
SEE ALSO
sam(1), vi(1)
BUGS
Yes.

26. kencc:
rio/rio.c
58: enum
59: {
60: Cut,
61: Paste,
62: Snarf,
63: Plumb,
64: Send,
65: Scroll,
66: };
67:
C99
68: char *menu2str[] = {
69: [Cut] "cut", [Cut] = “cut”,
70: [Paste] "paste",
71: [Snarf] "snarf",
72: [Plumb] "plumb",
73: [Send] "send",
74: [Scroll] "scroll",
75: nil
76: };

27. kencc:
• Linux
• rio/dat.h
107 struct Mousestate
108 {
109 Mouse;
110 ulong counter;
111 };
rio/wind.c
305: m = (Mousestate){w->mc.Mouse, w->mouse.counter};

28. Hello, World!
% cat hello.c
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
void main()
{
print(“Hello, World!n”);
exits(nil);
}
% 8c hello.c
% 8l -o hello hello.8
% hello

29. % cat hello.c
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
void main()
{
print(“Hello, World!n”);
exits(nil);
}
% 8c hello.c
% 8l -o hello hello.8
% hello

30. ANSI C/POSIX
% cat hello.c
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
void main()
{
print(“Hello, World!n”);
exits(nil);
}
% 8c hello.c
% 8l -o hello hello.8
% hello

31. % cat hello.c
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
void main() include/libc.h:
{ 1: #pragma lib “libc.a”
print(“Hello, World!n”);
2: #pragma src “/sys/src/libc”
exits(nil);
}
% 8c hello.c
% 8l -o hello hello.8
% hello

32. ./hello
% cat hello.c
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
void main()
{
print(“Hello, World!n”);
exits(nil);
}
% 8c hello.c
% 8l -o hello hello.8
% hello

33. % ls /env
'*' boottime 'fn#sigexit' pid terminal
0 cflag font prompt timezone
NPROC cputype fs rcname user
apid ether0 home rootdir wctl
auth facedom ifs service wsys
bootargs fileserver objtype status
bootfile 'fn#cpu%' path sysname
% cat /env/path
./bin

34. •
/bin
% ns | grep /bin
bind /386/bin /bin
bind -a /rc/bin /bin
bind -a /usr/oraccha/bin/rc /bin
bind -a /usr/oraccha/bin/386 /bin
※Linux aufs unionfs

35. •
% foo
foo 151: suicide: sys: trap: page fault pc=0x00001025
% ps | grep foo
glenda 151 0:00 0:00 8K Broken foo
• acid(1)
% acid 151
/proc/151/text: 386 plan 9 executable
:
acid: stk()
• /proc import

36. Plan 9
• Web http://plan9.bell-labs.com/
sources/plan9/sys/src/
• git git://github.com/
ericvh/plan-9.git
sys -- src
|-- 9 # kernel
| |-- pc
| `-- port
|-- cmd # uesr command
`-- libc # libc library

37. Plan9 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/oraccha/