This document discusses various pipe systems used on ships. It describes the arrangement and components of seawater cooling systems, freshwater cooling systems, fuel oil systems, compressed air systems, lubrication oil systems, steam systems, bilge systems, firefighting systems and ballast systems. Key points covered include the layout and operation of sea chests, filters, pumps and valves for cooling water intake and distribution. It also outlines the storage, transfer and treatment of fuel oil including purifiers, settling tanks and service tanks.
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Air and Sounding Systems
Machinery Spaces
• Air or overflow pipes internal are are normally
required to be 1.25 times the area of respective
filling pipes for a tank.
• Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s
when using one pump for one tank.
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1. Sprinkler system Type
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE ANTI FREEZE SYSTEM
FOAM WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
2. Sprinkler Selection
3 . Piping
4. Hydraulic Calculation
5. Standpipe System
6. Pump Selection & Types
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3. Seawater Cooling System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Arrangement
• Conventional and Central cooling
• High and low sea chests
• Suctions are arranged from two sea inlets
preferably on the opposite sides of the ships
• Filters can be cleaned without interrupting the
water supply in the system.
• Temperature controlled three-way valves to re-
circulate water when the water is cold
8. Freshwater Cooling System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Arrangement
• Freshwater from engine is delivered to
freshwater generator (evaporator)
• Pressure in the system is regulated by he
expansion tank
• Temperature-controlled three-way valves to
allow re-circulation
• High-temperature circuit (jacket cooler),
low-temperature circuit (lubricating oil)
11. D_O_ AND F_O_ TRANSFER SYSTEM
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
12. D_O_ AND F_O_ service SYSTEM
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
13. D_O_ AND F_O_ OVERFLOW SYSTEM
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
14. FO Storage and Transfer
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Important concerns
• Overflow pipes
• Quick-closing valves
• Drain to waste oil tanks (spill trays)
• Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for
sounding
• Remote control of fuel oil valves
• Insulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks
(possibly in a spray form) is possible
22. FO Supply to Engine
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
• Main components
• Storage (bunkers)
• Transfer pump
• Settling tank
• Heater
• Purifier
• Service tank
• Filter
• Viscosity controller
• Return Tank (10 to 15 minutes engine operation
25. Compressed Air System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
• No connections to other machinery between air
compressors and main air receivers
• Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or power
supplied from emergency generator
• Pressure reduction stations and filters are required to be
duplicates
• Safety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set at 10%
above operating pressure
• Compressed air line is classes as Class II due to high
pressure.
29. Compressed Air System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Normally three systems
Starting air
Service air
Control air
Require two main compressors to charge two air
receivers from atmospheric within one hour
Capacity of receivers sufficient to produce:
12 starts for reversible engines
6 starts for non-reversible engines
3 starts for auxiliary engines
30. lube oil for engine
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
31. lube oil for engine
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Main components
• Filling from deck to tanks
• Main LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tank
• Quick-closing valves operable from outside ER where
valves are below top of tanks (not applicable for small
tanks below 0.5 m3)
• Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their openings
do not constitute a fire hazard
• Duplex filters (or self-cleaning) are used without
interrupting operations
32. main steam and auxiliary steam systems
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
33. main steam and auxiliary steam systems
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
34. Steam System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Normally divided into:
Feed water systems
Steam supply
For heating tanks
For heating pipelines
To heat exchangers
Condensate
• Heat of exhaust gas is recovered in economizer
to generate steam
• Diesel propulsion system is normally fitted
with an auxiliary boiler
35. Steam System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
• Steam with pressure above 7 bar or temperature
above 170°C are considered Class II piping.
• Steam with pressure above 16 bar or
temperature above 300°C is of Class I piping.
• With respect to materials for valves and fittings
in Class II piping system, grey cast iron may not
be used up to ND 200, pressure up to 13 bar and
temperature up to 250°C
39. Bilge System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
• Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage to all
dry spaces and at the same time prevent water from
entering the spaces through this system.
• Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces is to
comply with MARPOL Annex 1
• Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator before
being allowed to be discharged.
• Discharge water must be monitored with purity not to
exceed ppm set by MARPOL.
40. Bilge System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Bilge main diameter, dm
L = length of ship
B = Breadth
D = Depth
25)(68.1 DBLdm
Branch bilge main diameter, db
25)(15.2 DBldb
l = length of compartment
41. Bilge System
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Bilge pump capacity, Q
3
2
10
75.5 md
Q
•Two bilge pumps are required
•Suctions are arranged such that water can be pumped
out when ship is inclined 5°
•Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass from
sea or ballast system into dry spaces through the bilge
system
45. Fire-Fighting Systems
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Three groups:
Fire Main
Seawater as fire extinguishing medium
At least two fire pumps and are located in two different
compartments
An international shore connection is provided at port and
starboard for external water supply
System is tested with at least streams of water directed
from one fire pump.
Pressure relief valve is fitted to mains to protect sudden
over-pressure.
46. Fire-Fighting Systems
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Three groups:
Carbon Dioxide system
Dry fire protection
Used in compartments that have potential for fire:
engine room, emergency generator room, paint locker
and galley hood
System is equipped with audio and visual alarm to
alert personnel to evacuate
Prior to CO2 release, ventilation fans and fire damper
to be shut.
47. Fire-Fighting Systems
Kuģa mehāniķu prakse
Pipe systems
Three groups:
Sprinkle system
Wet fire protection mainly for accommodation area
System is filled with fresh water and pressurized by
compressed air
Subsequently, water is supplied from fire main
Sprinkle and fire main systems are separated by an
alarm check valve.
When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the
fire main fire pressure, the fire main pressure will
overcome the internal pressure of the valve lift and
automatically push open to accommodate the fire
main.
