Gas systems design

1. Gas Management Systems

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Medical gases
Compressed
air (5 bar)
N2O
(Nitrous oxide )
Vacuum Compressed
air
(8 bar) or
Nitrogen
AGSS
1. O2, and medical compressed air (5 bar) used for life
support and respiratory therapy.
2. N2O is an analgesic gas used in anesthesia machine.
3. Vacuum (technically not gas), negative pressure to take
out the expired air.
4. AGSS (Anesthesia Gas Scavenging System), to take out
N2O and filter it before being outdoors.
5. Compressed air (8 bar) or Nitrogen, to operate
pneumatic surgical tools.
6. CO2 used for insufflations.
CO2
O2

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Medical Gas pipeline system
• A pipeline system is a system that includes:
– The pipeline network,
– The control unit and
– The terminal units where the medical gases or
anesthetic gas scavenging disposal systems may be
required.

4. PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
THREE Classes Of Pipeline Systems :
• Main Lines
• Risers
• Branch (Lateral) Lines
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MAIN LINES
RISER LINES
BRANCH OR
LATERAL
LINES

6. Material
Special copper pipes are used as copper has
many good qualities:
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•Corrosion resistance
•Neutral with respect to medical
gases
•Ease of handling (combining
technique and installation
•Great operational safety and
durability

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Medical gas pipeline components
• Air compressor
• Vacuum systems
• Medical gas outlets
• Alarms
• Manifolds
• Zone valves & Zone valves boxes
• Wall and floor mounting systems
• Rails for flexible equipment movement and utilize
floor space

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Medical gas pipeline diagram

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Oxygen Supplying System
• Oxygen may be supplied as follows:
1. Gas in cylinders
2. Cryogenic liquid in mobile vessels or stationary vessels

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1. Gas in Cylinders
• A cylinder manifold system shall have two banks
(groups) of cylinders or cylinder bundles
• The banks alternately supply the pipeline,
• Each bank having its cylinders connected to a common
header with a separate manifold pressure regulator.
• The secondary bank comes into operation automatically
when content of the primary bank becomes exhausted.

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2. Cryogenic liquid Systems
• Cryogenic tanks systems hold
liquefied cryogenic gases (oxygen,
nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or helium)
and dispense these gases in the form
of a liquid or gas as required by the
customer.
• Cryogenic tanks pressure vessels
manufactured with an inner and outer
vessel to hold cryogenic liquefied
gases that have condensation points
less than -150 ºC.
Cryogenic Tank

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1. Pressure regulators
2. Pressure relief valve
Oxygen system components

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1. Pressure Regulators
There are two types of
regulators
– Operating pressure regulator: there
are two operating regulators; one
on every bank manifold
– Line pressure regulator
• There are one or two line regulators
on every manifold.
• Function: to maintain a constant
pressure at maximum flow rate of the
system.

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2. Pressure Relief Valve
• Pressure relief valves are installed
downstream of all pressure regulators
• Valves set at no more than 50% above
the pressure regulator setting.
• Function: Fully relieving the pressure at
the set point in case failure of regulator.
• All pressure relief valves have piping
connections to allow release of to outside
facility.

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Medical Compressed Air
• The supply system may be:
1. An air compressor system,
2. A proportioning system, and
3. A cylinder supply system.
• The following diagram describes the
system in details.

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1. Compressors
• Compressed air is provided by 2
air compressors in 1+1 backup
system.
• Either reciprocating or screw
type air compressors are used
• Compressor has to be oil free.

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11 – CO catalyst
6 – Pre-filter
1 – Air compressor (reciprocating or screw type)
12 – Sterile filter
7 – Oil filter
2 – Automatic drain
13 – Dew point analyzer
8 – Air dryer
3 – Safety relief valve
14 – Automatic drain
9 – Dust filter
4 – Pressure gauge
10 – Activated carbon
5 – Compressed air tank (receiver)
Medical Compressed Air

29. Duplex filter
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Duplex filter (special Considerations)
• Air intakes should be located high enough in receiver
to eliminate intake of particles of dust, smoke, dirt,
and water.
• A double filtering line consisting, each, of air line
ultra high efficiency filter and activated carbon filter
normally used to remove particles as small as 0.01
micron with efficiency of 99.999%.
• The pressure drop across the carbon filter is often an
indication of when the filter should be replaced.

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Vacuum System
• Vacuum systems
commonly utilize three
pumping devices: the
rotating mechanical pump,
diffusion pump and cold
trap.
• In addition to other system
components, such as
valves and baffles (control
the action of pumps).

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Mechanical Pump
Rotating pumps have large gas
handling capacities, but cannot
achieve high vacuum (resulting
pressure about 10-2 torr.
Mechanical pumps remove the bulk "rough" of the air from a system
which is initially at atmospheric pressure, and, once this is
accomplished it "backs" the diffusion pump, since a diffusion pump
cannot exhaust against atmospheric pressure.

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Diffusion Pump
Reduces system pressure to 10-7 torr
A diffusion pump has a maximum pressure against which it can exhaust.
The mechanical pump provides this exhaust pressure for the diffusion pump.

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First stage
CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light).
The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Second stage
CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light).
The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Third stage
CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light).
The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Distribution Systems for Medical Gases
Distribution systems are used for internal clinic
transfer of medical gases and vacuum from the
plants to the terminal units.
Special copper pipes are used as copper has many
good qualities:
• Corrosion resistance
• Neutral with respect to medical gases
• Bactericidal and fungicidal effects
• Ease of handling (combining technique and
installation
• Great operational safety and durability

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Terminal Units
Terminal units permit the supply
of medical equipment with
medical gases and vacuum
from the central gas supply
system.
They are suitable for installation in walls, wall lights,
energy panel systems and supply units and they can be
used in the medical areas.

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Area Control Unit
Area control units serve as a shut-off
device as well as control monitor for
medical gases and they are
integrated in the functional areas of
the hospital.