physiology skin diorder.pptx
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There are two main types of skin disorders discussed - infections and non-infective inflammatory conditions. Some examples of non-infective inflammatory conditions include dermatitis, psoriasis, pressure ulcers, and burns. Dermatitis can be acute or chronic and includes symptoms like redness, swelling, and itching. There are two types of dermatitis - atopic dermatitis (eczema) and contact dermatitis which results from direct contact with irritants. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease causing scaly skin patches and can be exacerbated by trauma or infection. Pressure ulcers develop over pressure points and impair blood flow, initially causing redness and later ischemia and necrosis
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- 2. Disorders of skin • Two types of disorders are discuss Infections Non infective inflammatory condition
- 3. Infection Includes • Bacterial infection • Viral infection • Fungal infection
- 4. Non infective inflammatory condition • Dermatitis • Psoriasis • Pressure ulcer • Burns
- 5. I. DERMATITIS • It is the inflammation of skin • May be acute or chronic Acute dermatitis : include symptoms • Redness • Swelling • Exudation of serous fluid by pruritus (itching) Chronic dermatitis: symptoms • Skin become thickens • Become leathery due to long term scratching
- 6. Types of dermatitis • There are two types of dermatitis i. Atopic dermatitis ii. Contact dermatitis
- 7. Atopic dermatitis • Also known as eczema • A condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin • Chronic, associated with allergy • Affect atopic individuals • .i.e. Those to hypersensitivity disorders • Children: who suffer from hay fever or asthma
- 8. Contact dermatitis • Direct contact with a substance or an irritant reactions such as by • Soap • Detergent • Strong acid • Industrial chemical • Hypersensitivity reaction
- 9. II. PSORIASIS • Autoimmune diseases • A skin diseases that cause rash with scaly patches • Skin is characterized by red, scaly plaques with slivery surface • Bleeding occur when scales are scratched or rubbed off. • Common sites are • knees • elbows • scalp • trunk
- 10. • Trigger factors that lead to exacerbation of condition include trauma, infection and sunburn. • Also associated with rheumatoid arthritis Process : Proliferating cells of basal layers of epidermis progress more rapidly upwards though the epidermis resulting in incomplete maturation of upper layer
- 11. III. PRESSURE ULCER • Also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores • Occur over “pressure points” areas where the skin may be compressed for long periods between a bony prominence and a hard surface .I.E bed or chair • When this occur blood flow to affected area is impaired • ischemic develops. • Initially the skin reddens, • later as ischemia and necrosis occur
- 12. Predisposing factors These may be: Extrinsic factor • Pressure, shearing forces, trauma, • immobility, moisture, infection Intrinsic factors • Poor nutritional status, emaciation, incontinence, • infection concurrent illness, sensory impairment, • poor circulation
- 14. IV. BURNS • Burns may be caused by many types of trauma including: • Heat, cold, electricity and corrosive chemicals. • Degrees of burns • Rule of nines • Indicates the fatality in adults by adding the degree of burn and age of the victim and the total is greater than 80.
- 15. First Degree Second Degree Third Degree Epidermis is involved Epidermis and upper dermis are affected Epidermis and dermis are destroyed Surface is moist and signs of inflammation Signs of inflammation Sensory nerve endings of pain are destroyed Tissue damage is minimal Blisters are formed Destroyed tissue coagulates and forms a thick scab
- 16. Complications of burns are as follows: • Dehydration • Hypovolaemia • Shock • Hypothermia • Infection • Renal failure • Contractures Complications of burns