Biology - Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through the use of chlorophyll. The key chemical equation shows carbon dioxide and water being converted to glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Tests for the presence of starch involve boiling a leaf to stop chemical reactions, using ethanol to remove chlorophyll, and then dipping the leaf in iodine - if starch is present, the leaf will turn blue-black.
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4) Seliwanoff's test differentiated the ketose fructose and disaccharide sucrose from other carbohydrates by producing a red color.
Sect 12.1
The document summarizes key concepts about plant processes from a 6th grade science textbook. It discusses how leaves take in carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. The glucose is used as an energy source or stored as excess sugar in plant structures like carrot roots. Respiration breaks down glucose to release energy, with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. Photosynthesis and respiration are important for plant growth and as the basis of food chains.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in the leaves of plants, specifically in structures called chloroplasts. The two main phases are the light-dependent reactions where light is absorbed to produce ATP and NADPH using pigments like chlorophyll, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using the energy from the light reactions. Photosynthesis provides the basic energy source for all living things and produces oxygen for the atmosphere.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major source of energy. They are classified based on their structure as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Important disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be identified using chemical tests such as Molisch, Fehling's, Benedict's, Barfoed, and iodine tests. These tests identify carbohydrates based on properties such as being reducing or non-reducing sugars.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It is essential for life as it produces oxygen and feeds the base of the food chain. Chloroplasts in plant leaves contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to drive a reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs through a series of chemical reactions powered by the energy absorbed from sunlight.
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Biology - Photosynthesis
- 2. Word and Chemical Eqn Carbon Dioxide + Water = Sugars + Oxygen C02 + H20 = C6H1206 + 02 All this in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll
- 3. Definition of Photosynthesis Process where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy which is used to synthesize glucose from water and carbon dioxide, liberating oxygen during the process
- 4. How to test for presence of starch 1. Place leaf in boiling water to stop chemical reactions in leaf so enzymes will stop converting starch to glucose 2. Place leaf in hot ethanol / alcohol to remove the green chlorophyll so the results can be clearly seen
- 5. 3. Dip leaf into warm water to remove alcohol on the leaf 4. Spread the leaf evenly on white tile and cover with iodine solution to test for starch 5. Leaf turns blue-black if starch is present. Brown if absent
- 6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Takes place only in green plants. - Carbon dioxide taken in - Oxygen given out. - Glucose produced. RESPIRATION - Takes place in all living organisms. - Oxygen taken in, - Carbon dioxide given out. - Glucose required. - Energy produced.
- 7. Factors affecting the rate of Photosynthesis