PHENOL.pptx PHENOL B301T PHARMACDUTIAL ORGANIC CHEMSITRY
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PHENOL B301T PHARMACDUTIAL ORGANIC CHEMSITRY
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Qualitative test for phenol .pptx
The document describes 5 qualitative tests used to detect phenols:
1. Litmus test detects phenol's acidity by changing blue litmus to red.
2. Ferric chloride test produces different colored complexes with different phenols.
3. Liebermann's test produces a yellow compound then blue or red colors.
4. Bromine water test causes bromine color to disappear and a white precipitate to form.
5. Phthalein dye test produces different colored compounds with phenols and bases.
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This presentation summarizes common phytochemical assays used to detect various phenolic compounds in plants. It discusses assays to detect phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and more. Specific compounds that can be detected are highlighted, along with the color reactions produced in each assay. Thin layer chromatography is also described as a method to separate compounds like phenolic acids and cinnamic acids. References are provided for additional information on phytochemical methods.
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APA seminar (1).pptx
This document discusses the use of MBTH and 2,4-DNP reagents for the estimation of drugs. MBTH is a chromogenic reagent that undergoes oxidative coupling reactions with phenols, amines, and aldehydes to form colored products. 2,4-DNP forms hydrazone precipitates with aldehydes and ketones. Factors like reagent concentration, pH, temperature, and oxidizing agent affect the reaction. Both reagents are useful for spectroscopic determination of various drugs in biological samples and industrial waste. However, 2,4-DNP is also toxic and hazardous if not handled carefully.
Phenols
Phenols are aromatic compounds containing one or more -OH groups directly attached to the benzene ring. Phenols are acidic due to the stability of the phenoxide ion formed via resonance. The acidity of phenols increases in the presence of electron-withdrawing groups due to increased charge separation upon ionization. Common qualitative tests for phenols include turning blue litmus red, forming colored complexes with ferric chloride, and undergoing electrophilic substitution reactions with bromine. Common phenolic compounds discussed include phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols.
UNIT 2 TOPIC - PHENOLS (1).pdf
Phenols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to an aromatic ring. The general formula for a phenol is ArOH, where Ar is an aromatic ring. The simplest example of a phenol is phenol itself, also known as carbolic acid.
Phenols are important compounds in organic chemistry and are used in a variety of industrial and biological applications. They are commonly used as disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives due to their antimicrobial properties. They are also used in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and dyes.
Phenols are acidic compounds, meaning that they can donate a proton (H+) to a solvent or a base. This acidity is due to the stability of the phenoxide ion (ArO-), which is formed when a phenol loses a proton. The stability of the phenoxide ion is due to the resonance stabilization of the negative charge over the aromatic ring.
Phenols can undergo a variety of reactions, including electrophilic substitution, oxidation, and esterification. They can also be used as starting materials for the synthesis of more complex organic compounds.
Phenols
Phenols are aromatic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Some key points:
- Phenol is a weak acid due to delocalization of charge in the phenoxide ion. Electron withdrawing groups increase acidity while electron donating groups decrease acidity.
- Phenol and its derivatives like cresol and resorcinol have many uses including as precursors to drugs, plastics, and dyes. They are also used as disinfectants, preservatives, and wood preservatives.
- Qualitative tests for phenols include turning blue litmus red due to acidity, and forming colored complexes with ferric chloride and bromine water.
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Qualitative test for phenol .pptx
The document describes 5 qualitative tests used to detect phenols:
1. Litmus test detects phenol's acidity by changing blue litmus to red.
2. Ferric chloride test produces different colored complexes with different phenols.
3. Liebermann's test produces a yellow compound then blue or red colors.
4. Bromine water test causes bromine color to disappear and a white precipitate to form.
5. Phthalein dye test produces different colored compounds with phenols and bases.
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This document summarizes information about phenols from a student group project. It discusses the structure of phenols, including examples like phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthol. Methods of preparation and qualitative tests for phenols are described. Reactions of phenols through electrophilic aromatic substitution and rearrangements are summarized. Uses of specific phenols in applications like cleaners, medicines, and dyes are mentioned.
APA seminar (1).pptx
This document discusses the use of MBTH and 2,4-DNP reagents for the estimation of drugs. MBTH is a chromogenic reagent that undergoes oxidative coupling reactions with phenols, amines, and aldehydes to form colored products. 2,4-DNP forms hydrazone precipitates with aldehydes and ketones. Factors like reagent concentration, pH, temperature, and oxidizing agent affect the reaction. Both reagents are useful for spectroscopic determination of various drugs in biological samples and industrial waste. However, 2,4-DNP is also toxic and hazardous if not handled carefully.
Phenols
Phenols are aromatic compounds containing one or more -OH groups directly attached to the benzene ring. Phenols are acidic due to the stability of the phenoxide ion formed via resonance. The acidity of phenols increases in the presence of electron-withdrawing groups due to increased charge separation upon ionization. Common qualitative tests for phenols include turning blue litmus red, forming colored complexes with ferric chloride, and undergoing electrophilic substitution reactions with bromine. Common phenolic compounds discussed include phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols.
UNIT 2 TOPIC - PHENOLS (1).pdf
Phenols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to an aromatic ring. The general formula for a phenol is ArOH, where Ar is an aromatic ring. The simplest example of a phenol is phenol itself, also known as carbolic acid.
Phenols are important compounds in organic chemistry and are used in a variety of industrial and biological applications. They are commonly used as disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives due to their antimicrobial properties. They are also used in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and dyes.
Phenols are acidic compounds, meaning that they can donate a proton (H+) to a solvent or a base. This acidity is due to the stability of the phenoxide ion (ArO-), which is formed when a phenol loses a proton. The stability of the phenoxide ion is due to the resonance stabilization of the negative charge over the aromatic ring.
Phenols can undergo a variety of reactions, including electrophilic substitution, oxidation, and esterification. They can also be used as starting materials for the synthesis of more complex organic compounds.
Phenols
Phenols are aromatic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Some key points:
- Phenol is a weak acid due to delocalization of charge in the phenoxide ion. Electron withdrawing groups increase acidity while electron donating groups decrease acidity.
- Phenol and its derivatives like cresol and resorcinol have many uses including as precursors to drugs, plastics, and dyes. They are also used as disinfectants, preservatives, and wood preservatives.
- Qualitative tests for phenols include turning blue litmus red due to acidity, and forming colored complexes with ferric chloride and bromine water.
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strong acid strong base
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This document discusses phenols, including their:
- Classification into simple phenols, monohydric phenols, dihydric phenols, and trihydric phenols
- Nomenclature and physico-chemical properties such as acidity, hydrogen bonding, and effect of substituents on acidity
- Preparation methods like hydrolysis of diazonium salts, alkali fusion of sulfonates
- Reactions including acidity/salt formation, ester formation, ring substitution, and reactions with formaldehyde
- Qualitative tests for phenols using ferric chloride and Libermann reaction
- Uses of phenol, o-cresol, resorcinol, and
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3) Synthesis methods include thermal decomposition, acid or base catalyzed reactions, and rearrangement reactions.
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This document discusses indicators and pH. It defines acids as having a pH below 7, bases as having a pH above 7, and indicators as organic dyes that change color based on pH. It explains common indicators like litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein. Methyl orange is yellow in acid and red in base, with its color change between pH 3.1-4.4. Phenolphthalein is colorless in acid and pink in base, changing between pH 8.1-10. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates indicator color to pH.
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1. The document discusses the structure, properties, synthesis, and uses of various phenolic compounds including phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols.
2. Key properties of phenols discussed include their acidity due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion, and their higher boiling points compared to hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding.
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Presentation half.pptx
Phenol is an aromatic compound with the chemical formula C6H6O, also known as carbolic acid. It consists of a hydroxyl group and phenyl group attached to each other. Phenol is a colorless, crystalline, and deliquescent solid with a distinct odor. It is mildly acidic, corrosive, and poisonous. Phenol can be prepared through several processes, including the Dow process where chlorobenzene reacts with sodium hydroxide, from diazonium salts through hydrolysis, from benzene sulphonic acid by treating it with sodium hydroxide, and from Grignard reagents by reacting phenyl magnesium halides with oxygen and then hydrolyzing with
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Similar to PHENOL.pptx PHENOL B301T PHARMACDUTIAL ORGANIC CHEMSITRY
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Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a colorless, flammable, and highly volatile liquid. Some important drugs containing furan rings include ranbezolid, nifurzide, and ranitidine. Furan can be synthesized through several methods, such as from pentosans, oxidation of cis-but-2-ene-1,4-diol, and from diacetosuccinic ester. It undergoes various reactions including electrophilic substitution, nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, acylation, and Diels-Alder reactions. Furaneol and ran
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This lab report details qualitative analysis of organic compounds to identify various functional groups. Tests were conducted to detect carboxylic acids, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and amines. Benzoic acid, salicylic acid, benzophenone, lactose, and 4-aminoacetophenone were supplied for testing. Positive results from bicarbonate and litmus tests confirmed the presence of carboxylic acids. Ferric chloride and Fehling's solution tests identified phenolic and aldehyde groups, respectively. Ketones were detected by the formation of orange crystals with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. A red precipitate from an azo-dye test
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The Feulgen stain is a histological technique discovered in 1924 that uses acid hydrolysis and Schiff's reagent to specifically identify chromosomal material and DNA. It involves hydrolyzing tissue samples in hydrochloric acid to cleave nitrogen bases from DNA and form aldehyde groups, then staining the samples with Schiff's reagent to form a purple compound where aldehydes are present, selectively identifying DNA. The staining intensity is proportional to the DNA concentration and it allows DNA to be visualized microscopically.
Colour reactions of proteins agp
1. The document describes various color reactions and precipitation tests performed on proteins and albumin. Color reactions include the Biuret test, Ninhydrin reaction, Xanthoproteic reaction, Millon's test, Folin Cio calteau reaction, and others. Precipitation can be caused by heavy metal ions, dehydrating agents like alcohol or ammonium sulfate, and alkaloidal reagents.
2. Specific tests are described for albumin including heat coagulation, flocculation, and precipitation by salts like ammonium sulfate. Albumin gives a positive Biuret test after half saturation with ammonium sulfate but a negative test after full saturation, indicating complete precipitation.
3.
Beet root as Indicator
The document describes an experiment to prepare and test a beetroot pH indicator. Beetroot was boiled and filtered to extract the indicator compound betanin, which is red at acidic pH and yellow at alkaline pH. The indicator's pH range was tested against solutions of varying pH from 1 to 13 and was found to change color between 10.8-11.2, making it suitable for acid-base titrations. Beetroot indicator showed color changes in strong acid-strong base and weak acid-strong base titrations but not when the base was diluted, since its pH range did not cover the rapid pH change region of those reactions.
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators.
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators,
strong acid strong base
weak acid strong bse
strong acid weak base
weak acid and weak base
Phenols
This document discusses phenols, including their:
- Classification into simple phenols, monohydric phenols, dihydric phenols, and trihydric phenols
- Nomenclature and physico-chemical properties such as acidity, hydrogen bonding, and effect of substituents on acidity
- Preparation methods like hydrolysis of diazonium salts, alkali fusion of sulfonates
- Reactions including acidity/salt formation, ester formation, ring substitution, and reactions with formaldehyde
- Qualitative tests for phenols using ferric chloride and Libermann reaction
- Uses of phenol, o-cresol, resorcinol, and
Phytochemical screening
This document discusses phytochemical screening of plants. It begins by explaining that plants contain natural bioactive compounds in their various parts that can provide therapeutic effects. The document then outlines the two main types of phytochemicals - primary and secondary metabolites. It provides examples of each. The rest of the document describes various qualitative and quantitative methods used to detect primary and secondary metabolites like carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides in plant extracts. It concludes by discussing solvent extraction and pathways to isolate pure bioactive constituents from plants.
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Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates
Based on the reactivity with Tollen’s, Benedict’s or Fehling’s reagent, carbohydrates are classified as;
Reducing sugars
Carbohydrates that can reduce Tollen’s, Benedict’s or Fehling’s reagents are called reducing sugars (sugar with free aldehyde or ketone group). All monosaccharides and most of the disaccharides are reducing sugars. Some examples are Maltose and Lactose.
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This document provides information on several heterocyclic organic compounds - furan, pyrrole, indole, thiophene, and pyridine. It discusses the structure, properties, synthesis, and applications of each compound. The key points are:
1) These compounds contain aromatic rings with at least one heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They are important in biomolecules, drugs, dyes, and other applications.
2) Their properties depend on the hybridization and reactivity of the ring atoms. Electrophilic aromatic substitution occurs commonly.
3) Synthesis methods include thermal decomposition, acid or base catalyzed reactions, and rearrangement reactions.
4)
Relation of indicator colour to p h
This document discusses indicators and pH. It defines acids as having a pH below 7, bases as having a pH above 7, and indicators as organic dyes that change color based on pH. It explains common indicators like litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein. Methyl orange is yellow in acid and red in base, with its color change between pH 3.1-4.4. Phenolphthalein is colorless in acid and pink in base, changing between pH 8.1-10. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates indicator color to pH.
Phenols
1. The document discusses the structure, properties, synthesis, and uses of various phenolic compounds including phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols.
2. Key properties of phenols discussed include their acidity due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion, and their higher boiling points compared to hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding.
3. Common synthesis methods for phenols include the alkali fusion of sodium benzene sulphonate, oxidation of cumene, and hydrolysis of diazonium salts.
PA- I Acid-base titration (HRB)
This document discusses acid-base titration, including the theories and classification of acid-base indicators. It defines acids and bases, explaining that acids donate hydrogen ions and bases produce hydroxide ions. Acid-base titration is used to determine the concentration of acids or bases and involves neutralizing reactions between an acid and base. There are four main types of acid-base titrations classified by the strength of the acid and base involved. Indicator selection is also covered, with explanations of both the Ostwald and quinonoid theories of how indicators undergo color changes during titration.
MBTH FC-PDAB Reagents
This document describes several reagents used for drug analysis: MBTH, FC, PDAB, and 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide. MBTH reacts with phenols, amines, aldehydes and other compounds to form colored complexes. FC (Folin-Ciocalteu) reagent contains heteropoly acids and reduces to a blue color with reducing agents. PDAB (para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) forms azomethines with amines. 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide reacts with unsubstituted para-phenols to form a blue colored product. Examples of drug analyses using each reagent are provided.
Principles & procedures involved in usage of reagents
The document discusses various reagents used in pharmaceutical analysis. It begins by classifying reagents based on their reaction mechanisms such as oxidation, condensation, diazotization, and others. Several examples of reagents are provided for each classification including MBTH, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, PDAB, and 2,4-DNP. Their chemical properties and applications in estimating specific drugs are described. The document concludes by providing an example estimation procedure using MBTH reagent.
Presentation half.pptx
Phenol is an aromatic compound with the chemical formula C6H6O, also known as carbolic acid. It consists of a hydroxyl group and phenyl group attached to each other. Phenol is a colorless, crystalline, and deliquescent solid with a distinct odor. It is mildly acidic, corrosive, and poisonous. Phenol can be prepared through several processes, including the Dow process where chlorobenzene reacts with sodium hydroxide, from diazonium salts through hydrolysis, from benzene sulphonic acid by treating it with sodium hydroxide, and from Grignard reagents by reacting phenyl magnesium halides with oxygen and then hydrolyzing with
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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PHENOL.pptx PHENOL B301T PHARMACDUTIAL ORGANIC CHEMSITRY
- 1. PHENOL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II BY MISS. BHARTI CHAUHAN
- 7. Qualitative tests for Phenols 1. Litmus test 2. Ferric chloride test 3. Liebermann's test 4. Bromine water test 5. Phthalein Dye test
- 9. 2. Ferric chloride test: Principle: Aqueous solution of phenols reacts with freshly prepared ferric chloride solution to give a colored complex. Different types of phenols undergo the same reaction but give different colors. Reagent: A neutral solution of FeCl3 is prepared by adding dilute NaOH solution to ferric chloride drop by drop until a small but permanent brown precipitate appears. Filter the solution and use it. Procedure: Observation: Phenol, Cresol, and Resorcinol: Violet/blue color Catechol: Green color Hydroquinone: Violet/ transient blue color Pyrogallol: Blue rapidly changing to red Organic compound dissolved in water Add a few drops of ferric chloride regent. Observe the color change.
- 10. 6C6H5OH + FeCl3 → [Fe(C6H5O)6]3– (violet colour complex)+ 3HCl + 3H+
- 12. PROCEDURE