DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
Structural and Thermal Analysis of a Single Plate Dry Friction Clutch Using F...dbpublications
B,
India
Abstract:
A clutch is a critical component of a
vehicle to transfer torque and speed from a driving
shaft to a driven shaft with the use of friction. The
efficiency of the clutch depends enormously on
friction that result in heat generation during
engagement and disengagement. Rapid heat
dissipation is primordial to prevent the friction
plate from reaching the fade temperature where
friction coefficient decreases. The present study is
an attempt to model and analyze structural
deformation, stress concentration, elastic strain,
thermal gradient and heat flux distribution of a
copper alloy friction lining and structural steel
friction lining of a clutch plate with the help of
finite elements methods software. It is observed
that copper alloy frictional lining of clutch plate
dissipates frictional heat at a faster rate than
structural steel frictional lining of clutch plate. The
design is done in Solidworks 2016 and the FEM
analysis is carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Transient
Structural and Steady State Thermal workb
In this paper three different cut patterns of brake disc are studied for heat transfer rate. Heat transfer rate increases with number of cuts in the disc. This is because large area is exposed to air which makes more heat transfer through conduction and convection. But increase in number and size of cuts decreases the strength of disc. And analysed thermally in ANSYS for different material and design created in CREO 3.0.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
Structural and Thermal Analysis of a Single Plate Dry Friction Clutch Using F...dbpublications
B,
India
Abstract:
A clutch is a critical component of a
vehicle to transfer torque and speed from a driving
shaft to a driven shaft with the use of friction. The
efficiency of the clutch depends enormously on
friction that result in heat generation during
engagement and disengagement. Rapid heat
dissipation is primordial to prevent the friction
plate from reaching the fade temperature where
friction coefficient decreases. The present study is
an attempt to model and analyze structural
deformation, stress concentration, elastic strain,
thermal gradient and heat flux distribution of a
copper alloy friction lining and structural steel
friction lining of a clutch plate with the help of
finite elements methods software. It is observed
that copper alloy frictional lining of clutch plate
dissipates frictional heat at a faster rate than
structural steel frictional lining of clutch plate. The
design is done in Solidworks 2016 and the FEM
analysis is carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Transient
Structural and Steady State Thermal workb
In this paper three different cut patterns of brake disc are studied for heat transfer rate. Heat transfer rate increases with number of cuts in the disc. This is because large area is exposed to air which makes more heat transfer through conduction and convection. But increase in number and size of cuts decreases the strength of disc. And analysed thermally in ANSYS for different material and design created in CREO 3.0.
Parametric Modeling, Kinematic Simulation and FEA of Differential Gear for Au...Prakul Mittal
● Parametric Designing of Differential gear Assembly using Catia V5.
● Engine transmission power was 2400 rpm.
● Proof of Concept by performing Kinematic Simulation in DMU Kinematic bench.
● Performed FEA in Ansys Workbench to predict part failure and operation ability of product.
Pneumatic circuit is combination of various pneumatic elements arranged in a systematic manner to perform certain task. In this presentation you will able to learn different types of pneumatic circuits.
Active suspension System of Automobiles.Mayank khare
An active suspension system,has the capability to adjust itself continuously to changing road conditions. It "artificially" extends the design parameters of the system by constantly monitoring and adjusting itself, thereby changing its character on an ongoing basis. It's schizophrenic, if you will, but with a purpose. With advanced sensors and microprocessors feeding it information all the time, its identity remains fluid, contextual, amorphous. By changing its character to respond to varying road conditions, active suspension offers superior handling, road feel, responsiveness and safety.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
Have you pulled your car up to the gas/petrol pump lately and been shocked by the high
price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past Rs1400 or 1500, maybe you thought about
trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried
that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have
the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems, it's the
hybrid electric vehicle.
The vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less
need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric
is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle.
In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own
hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we
see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric
buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they
are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids.
Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are dieselelectric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or
indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.
Burst or broken clutch driven plate facings are caused by overstraining of the facing Matrix due to incorrect driving practice or incorrect clutch installation procedure including adjustments, or flywheel damage.
Parametric Modeling, Kinematic Simulation and FEA of Differential Gear for Au...Prakul Mittal
● Parametric Designing of Differential gear Assembly using Catia V5.
● Engine transmission power was 2400 rpm.
● Proof of Concept by performing Kinematic Simulation in DMU Kinematic bench.
● Performed FEA in Ansys Workbench to predict part failure and operation ability of product.
Pneumatic circuit is combination of various pneumatic elements arranged in a systematic manner to perform certain task. In this presentation you will able to learn different types of pneumatic circuits.
Active suspension System of Automobiles.Mayank khare
An active suspension system,has the capability to adjust itself continuously to changing road conditions. It "artificially" extends the design parameters of the system by constantly monitoring and adjusting itself, thereby changing its character on an ongoing basis. It's schizophrenic, if you will, but with a purpose. With advanced sensors and microprocessors feeding it information all the time, its identity remains fluid, contextual, amorphous. By changing its character to respond to varying road conditions, active suspension offers superior handling, road feel, responsiveness and safety.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
Have you pulled your car up to the gas/petrol pump lately and been shocked by the high
price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past Rs1400 or 1500, maybe you thought about
trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried
that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have
the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems, it's the
hybrid electric vehicle.
The vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less
need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric
is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle.
In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own
hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we
see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric
buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they
are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids.
Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are dieselelectric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or
indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.
Burst or broken clutch driven plate facings are caused by overstraining of the facing Matrix due to incorrect driving practice or incorrect clutch installation procedure including adjustments, or flywheel damage.
Modelling and analysis of single circular grooves made on dry friction clutcheseSAT Journals
Abstract
We all know that clutch is a machine member and is generally used for to engage and disengage the transmission and change the gear it connect the two shafts that is driving shaft to the driven shaft that’s why if there is starting or stop the driven shaft there will be with or without the stopping of the driving shaft. So in this paper we are going to modelling and analyzed the single circular grooves which are made on the friction disc. And also will take the result of the torque transmission capacity which will be produce at the single circular grooves disc. Here we are going to analyze over ansys and will take the model in catiav5.
This is one of the projects that I have worked in a team.
My task was to provide the engineering design based on calculations by my esteemed colleagues.
Design and Structural Analysis of Alloy Wheels for Light Weight Vehicles iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Vinu Krishnaswamy, Associate Architect for One North Interactive, gives his take on the best ways to utilize social media in today's realm of digital marketing.
From the 2014 Experience Lab: Reimagine Marketing. To watch a video of this presentation, visit http://bit.ly/1th7nz2.
A manufacturing process study for a formula style racecar chassis. Project\'s objective was to reduce manufacturing costs by simplifying certain parts of the frame while maintaining satisfactory rigidity.
If you want to know information about electromagnetic clutch manufacturers then Web portal of tradeindia provide the best listing of manufacturers,suppliers and Exporters of electromagnetic clutch.
Contact Pressure Validation of Steam Turbine Casing for Static Loading ConditionIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Piston in the internal combustion (IC) engine is robust, dynamically loaded tribo-pair that
reciprocates continuously at varying temperature. Study has been made by various researchers on piston
design, dynamics, fatigue and wear at the interface with other element in contact along with their effects on
IC engines. It was found that the friction coefficient increases with increasing surface roughness of liner
surface and thermal performance of the piston increases with increased coating thickness. The free material
liberated due to deep scoring between the piston and liner snowballs, leads to seizure failure.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
SELECTION OF THE DISC BRAKE MATERIAL USING PIN ON DISC APPARATUSijiert bestjournal
An automobil e brake disc is a device used for slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at certain speed. The mostly used brake disc material is cast iron which consumes much fuel due to high specific gravity. The main aim is to develop the material selection and select optimum material for the application of brake disc system for better working. Th e paper describes the tribological behavior of the conventional materials i.e . Gray cast Iron,Structural steel,Aluminum and High speed steel (HSS) . In this paper to check major tri biological parameters for these four materials and try to suggest better new material compared to conventional existing material. After Test on wear machine we f ind the best suitable material for disc brake applications because of its low wear rate,low frictional force,low coefficient of friction,low cost,better mechanical properties than o ther.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...AM Publications
Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is one of the common welding processes used for sheet joining especially in the automobile and aerospace industry. It is used in a wide range of industries but notably for the assembly of sheet steel vehicle bodies. This is a type of resistance welding where the spot welds are made at regular intervals on overlapping sheets of metal. Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion.The objective of the research is to determine the optimum combination of parameters responsible for better quality of joints. The complicated behavior of the process must be analyzed to set the optimum parameters to get the optimum weld quality. The paper also presents the FEA simulation of the RSW process.
Analysis of Conditions in Boundary Lubrications Using Bearing MaterialsIJMER
In order to clearly establish the tribological potential of these alloys as bearing materials, the tribological parameters of the RAR Zn-Al alloys are compared to parameters of the CuPb15Sn8 lead-tin bronze, as a widely applied conventional bearing material. Existing Bearing of connecting rod is manufactured by using non ferrous materials like Gunmetal, Phosphor Bronze etc.. This paper describes the tribological behavior analysis for the conventional materials i.e. Brass and Gunmetal as well as New non metallic material Cast Nylon. Friction and Wear are the most important parameters to decide the
performance of any bearing. In this paper attempt is made to check major tribological parameters for three material and try to suggest better new material compared to conventional existing material. It could help us to minimize the problem of handling materials like Lead , Tin, Zinc etc.After Test on wear machine. Our experimental results are accessing efficient processing in bearing conditions in semantic data representation of extracted related data materials
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
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A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitability
Phase 1 dynamic analysis of single plate clutch using different friction materials ppt
1. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SINGLE
PLATE CLUTCH USING
DIFFERENT FRICTION
MATERIALS
PRESENTED BY
B.ARUN
GUIDED BY
Dr. S.JEYAKUMAR M.E., PhD
2. INTRODUCTION
• Clutch is a mechanical device located between a vehicle
engine and its transmission and provides mechanical coupling
between the engine and transmission input shaft. Clutch
system comprise of flywheel, clutch disc plate and friction
material, pressure plate, clutch cover, diaphragm spring and
the linkage necessary to operate the clutch.
• The clutch engages the transmission gradually by allowing a
certain amount of slippage between the flywheel and the
transmission input shaft. However, the slipping mechanism of
the clutch generates heat energy due to friction between the
clutch disc and the flywheel.
• Clutch works on the principle of friction. When two friction
surfaces are brought in contact with each other and pressed
they are united due to the friction between them.
3. • The friction between the two surfaces depends upon the area
of the surfaces, pressure applied on them and co-efficient of
friction of the surface material. The two surfaces can be
separated and brought into contact when required.
• One surface is considered as a driving member the other as a
driven member. The driving member is kept rotating, when the
driven member is brought in contact with the driving member
it also rotates. When the driven member is separated from the
driving member it does not rotate. This is the principle on
which the clutch operates.
4. OBJECTIVE
• To carry out the dynamic analysis of friction plate using
different friction materials.
• Using sintered metals we can reduce the wear of friction plate.
• The stress and deformation is to be obtain for the different
materials and compare their results.
6. LITERATURE REVIEW
s.no Project title & author Description
1 Design and finite element
analysis of an automotive
clutch assembly
Rajesh Purohit, Pooja
Khitoliya and Dinesh Kumar
Koli.
In the present work a friction clutch
assembly was designed. It consist of three
parts viz. clutch plate, pressure plate and
diaphragm spring. The material
assignment is as follows: clutch plate-
structural steel, pressure plate- cast iron
GS-70-02 and diaphragm spring- spring
steel. The friction material assumed is
molded asbestos opposing cast iron/ steel
surface..Finite element analysis was
performed in ANSYS software. The plots
for Equivalent von-Mises stress, total
deformation and factor of safety were
calculated and analyzed. The finite
element analysis showed that the
designed friction clutch assembly is safe.
7. s.no Project title & author description
2 Design and analysis of clutch
using sintered iron as a friction
material
Mamta G. Pawar, Monarch K.
Warambhe and Gautam R. Jodh
In this project after designing of clutch
disc, the analysis is done by varying the
friction material & following
conclusion is drawn. The analysis is
done for worn out friction disc. The
stresses using Kevlar as a friction
material & sintered iron is near about
same. Torque transmission capacity of
sintered-iron friction material is 350 to
400N which is more than Kevlar. Total
deformation in Kevlar material is less
than sintered-iron friction material.
Sintered-iron material can sustain
higher temperature. By applying the
maximum force i.e, 220 N of the
friction plate of single plate clutch, after
analytical calculations & software
analysis the following observations can
be obtained.
8. S.No Projecttitle&author Description
3 Static structural analysis of
mutiplate clutch using different
friction material
Anil Jadhav, Gauri Salvi,
Santosh Ukamnal and
Prof.P.Baskar
In this project, a 3D model of multi-
plate clutch and its assembly has been
done using Pro-E software packages.
Structural analysis on clutch plate has
been carried out using ANSYS
workbench for copper, cork and SA92
as friction lining materials. Ultimately,
from this analysis it can be concluded
that, on the strength basis, SA92 is
more suitable and quite better friction
material than copper and cork for same
rated torque.
9. S.No Projecttitle&author Description
4 Dynamic analysis of crack in
composite material
K.Praveen, rakesh jalla
In this paper, to investigate how a
crack propagates and grows in a clutch.
The finite element program ANSYS is
used to simulate crack growth and to
compute the stresses and the stress-
intensity factor. By observing the
analysis results, the stress values are
more for composite materials and when
the crack is started the composite
materials, stress values increases more
than the condition of no crack so the
composite materials fails faster once the
crack propagates.
So we can conclude that if the crack
propagates in the composite materials,
they tend to fail faster than aluminum
alloys thereby reducing their life. So
care should be taken for composite
materials not to get the crack.
10. S.No Projecttitle&author Description
5 Static/kinetic Friction behaviour
of a Clutch Facing Material:
Effects of Temperature and
Pressure
In this project, the feasibility of
applying a simple and cost effective
sliding friction testing apparatus to
study the friction behavior of a
clutch facing material, effected by the
variation of temperature and
contact pressure, was investigated. It
was found that the method used
in this work was able to give a
convenient and cost effective
measurement of friction coefficients
and their transitions of a clutch
facing material.
11. S.N
o
Projecttitle&author Description
6 Optimizing friction behavior of
clutch facings using pin-on-disk
test
Khamlichi A, Bezzazi M.
In this project, a rational approach based on
Taguchi technique and Pin-on-disk test is
used in order to study the friction coefficient
behavior of clutch facings as function of
material formulation.
Clutch facings investigated in this study are
of non asbestos organic type.
Experiments were designed according to the
orthogonal array L8 where the chosen
factors are temperature and sliding speed.
12. S.No Projecttitle&
author
Description
7 Analysis of density
of sintered iron
powder component
using the response
surface method
Prasanta kumar
bardhan, suprs
patra and goutam
sutradhar
In engineering application is largely dependent on the
development of higher density materials and
improved mechanical properties. An experimental
investigation have been undertaken in order to
understand the variation of density with respect to the
variation of process parameters such as compaction
load, sinter temperature and sintering time.
In this project, a detail microstructure analysis has
been made which confirms that the density of the P/M
product considerably increases with the increase in
compaction load, sintering temperature and sintering
time. The results obtained have been analyzed
through the response surface model.
13. S.N
o
Projecttitle&author Description
8 THE EFFECT OF BORON LIQUID PHASE
SINTERING ON PROPERTIES OF ni-,
mo-, cr- ALLOYED STURUCTURAL
STEELS
M. Selecka, A. Salak and H.
Danninger
In this project, they concluded that Boron is
evaluated as the best sintering enhancing element
in terms of identifying the iron-based materials
by formation the liquid phase. The influence of
boron addition (up to 0.6%) on the density,
microstructure formation and the strength of the
different pre-alloyed powders. Micro-structural
analysis showed an interaction of boron with
matrix alloying elements. The formation of
borides caused the increase of micro-hardness
and hardness values of matrix. The higher
density and micro-hardness expressed in higher
strength of materials. The material systems based
on iron, Ni-, Mo- and Cr- pre-alloyed powders
with boron addition up to 0.6% after sintering at
1200 ◦C for 60 min in hydrogen were
investigated.
A positive effect of boron liquid phase sintering
on the properties of Ni-, Mo- and Cr-alloyed
material systems was demonstrated.
14. S.N
o
Projecttitle&author Description
9 Hoganas “(SINTERED IRON BASED
MATERIALS)”
Hoganas has developed a variety of
materials containing Mo in combination
with Ni or Cu, or both Ni and Cu, which
have proven very successful in the
production of structural parts for high-
strength and high-accuracy applications.
Some of these materials are homogenous
alloys with the trade-name Astaloy, but most
of them are partially pre-alloyed non-
segregable powder mixes with the trade-
name Distaloy.
Mixed with appropriate amounts of
graphite, Astaloy- and Distaloy-materials,
yield high strength properties, show good
dimensional stability during sintering, and
respond very well to subsequent heat-
treatment.
15. S.N
o
Projecttitle&author Description
10 Experimental
characterization of frictional
behaviour of clutch facings
using Pin-on-disk machine
M.Bezzazi, A. Khamlichi
During the clutch engagement, sliding contact
occurs between the pair of clutch facings mounted
on the friction disk and the counter faces
belonging to the flywheel and the pressure plate.
The transmitted torque is proportional to the
overall coefficient of friction which depends
essentially on temperature, normal pressure load
and relative sliding velocity. In this work,
performance of the friction coefficient is
investigated experimentally. Samples of a
commercial clutch facings material have been
tested using a Pin-on-disk apparatus. When the
previous three parameters are preset constant, this
machine provides automatic acquisition of friction
coefficient and wear measurements. The obtained
results are compared with the classical SAE J661a
standard test.
16. PROBLEM CHARACTERISTICS CAUSES
Distortion Facings out of flatness after
high operating temperature
Unsuitable friction material
Reduced performance Decrease in coefficient of
friction giving a
permanent loss in
performance
Excess oil or grease on
friction material or on the
opposing surface
Burstfailure Material splitting and
removed from the spinner
plate
High stresses on facings
when working at high
Speeds
Crushing Loss of friction material at
the ends of a band
Crushing and excessive
wear Of the friction material
PROBLEM DEFINITION
17. • The problems with a slipping clutch are that the friction material’s
coefficient of friction is affected by heat. As temperature goes up the
coefficient of friction goes down, and the total clutch capacity decreases.
Heat reduces friction, which increases slippage, which increases heat the
cycle becomes self-limiting when the torque capacity of the clutch drops
to zero.
18.
19. • On the flip side, organic material does have less heat
capacity than most other common lining material and it wears
fast than some other. The heat created by a Kevlar disc
slipping against flywheel and will burn the flywheel.
• The clutch engages the transmission gradually by
allowing a certain amount of slippage between the flywheel
and the transmission input shaft. However, the slipping
mechanism of the clutch generates heat energy due to friction
between the clutch disc and the flywheel.
20. • At high sliding velocity, excessive frictional heat is
generated which lead to high temperature rise at the
clutch disc surface, and this causes thermo-mechanical
problems such as thermal deformations and thermo-
elastic instability which can lead to thermal cracking,
wear and other mode of failure of the clutch disc
component.
• By using Iron - Copper - Nickel - Molybdenum –
Carbon, Hoganas has developed a variety of materials
containing Mo in combination with Ni or Cu, or both Ni
and Cu, which have proven very successful in the
production of structural parts for high-strength and high-
accuracy applications. Such as Distaloy SA, Distaloy AB,
Distaloy SE, Distaloy AE.
• Dynamic analysis is carrying out to determine the
stress and deformation for different materials.
21. METHODOLOGY
SELECTION OF FRICTION MATERIALS
MODELLING OF FRICTION PLATE
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FRICTION PLATE USING
DIFFERENT MATERIALS TO DETERMINE STRESS
AND DEFORMATION
CALUCLATION AND COMPARISON
22. Selection of friction materials
• Distaloy SA is based on the sponge iron grade SC100.26 to
which 1.75%Ni, 1.5%Cu and 0.5%Mo have been diffusion-
bonded. Being based on sponge iron powder, this material has
high green-strength. Mixed with appropriate amounts of
graphite it yields high strength after sintering and responds
well to subsequent heat-treatment.
• Distaloy AB has the same chemical composition as Distaloy
SA but is based on the atomized iron powder grade
ASC100.29. Being based on atomized iron powder, it has high
compressibility. Mixed with appropriate amounts of graphite it
yields high strength after sintering and responds well to
subsequent heat-treatment.
23. CONT..
• Distaloy SE is based on the sponge iron grade SC100.26 to
which 4%Ni, 1.5%Cu and 0.5%Mo have been diffusion-
bonded. Being based on sponge iron powder, it has high green-
strength. Mixed with appropriate amounts of graphite it yields
high strength after sintering and responds very well to
subsequent heat-treatment.
• Distaloy AE has the same chemical composition as Distaloy
SE but is based on the atomized iron powder grade
ASC100.29. Being based on atomized iron powder, it has high
compressibility. Mixed with appropriate amounts of graphite it
yields high strength after sintering and responds very well to
subsequent heat-treatment.
25. Modeling of friction plate
• Solid modeling of friction plate is to be model by using
catia v5 software TATA SFC-407 specification.
Dynamic analysis
• The design of products that need to survive impacts or short-
duration high-pressure loadings can be greatly improved with
the use of ANSYS explicit dynamic solutions.
• By explicit dynamic analysis stress and deformation is to be
obtained by different materials and compare with the results.
27. • Dr.Prafull. S. Thakare, “MODELLING AND ASSEMBLY OF
SINGLE PLATE
• FRICTION CLUTCH OF AN AUTOMOBILE” Indian
Streams Research Journal Vol.2,Issue.II/Marchl; 2012.
• Mamta G. Pawar, Monarch K. Warambhe, Gautam R. Jodh, “
Design and Analysis of Clutch Using Sintered Iron as a
Friction Material” International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-
3075, Volume-3, Issue-7, December 2013.
28. • K.Praveen, Rakesh Jalla, “DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF
CRACK IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL” IJREAT International
Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology
ISSN: 2320 – 8791 Volume 1, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2013.
• Prasanta Kumar Bardhan, Suprs Patra, Goutam Sutradhar,
“ANALYSIS OF DENSITY OF SINTERED IRON POWDER
COMPONENT USING THE RESPONSE SURFACE
METHOD” Materials Sciences and Applications, 2010, 1,
152-157 doi:10.4236/msa.2010.13024 published Online
August 2010 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/msa)
• M. Selecka, A. Salak, H. Danninger, “THE EFFECT OF
BORON LIQUID PHASE SINTERING ON PROPERTIES
OF Ni-, Mo-, Cr- ALLOYED STURUCTURAL STEELS”
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143–144 (2003)
910–915.
29. • Hoganas , “SINTERED IRON BASED MATERIALS”
http://riad.pk.edu.pl/~mnykiel/iim/KTM/MP/DOWNLOAD/pd
f/CHAPT09.PDF
• Fred K. Geitner and Heinz P. Bloch, “Maximizing Machinery
Uptime”.
• “ClutchFaultyDiagnosisThomas”
http://thomasbct.com.au/wp-
content/uploads/2009/10/ClutchFaultyDiagnosisThomas.pdf
• Robert Bowen, “How to Rebuild and Modify Your Manual
Transmission”
30. • A. Chaikittiratana, S. Koetniyom, S. Lakkam ”Static/kinetic
Friction behaviour of a Clutch Facing Material: Effects of
Temperature and Pressure”
• A. Khamlichi, M. Bezzazi, A. Jabbouri, P. Reis and J. P.
Davim. “Optimizing friction behaviour of clutch facings using
pin-on-disk test”
• M.Bezzazi, A. Khamlichi “Experimental characterization of
frictional behaviour of clutch facings using Pin-on-disk
machine”