The document summarizes a seminar presentation on pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently bound to lipids that can exist as vesicles, micelles, or hexagonal aggregates. They offer advantages over liposomes and niosomes as a drug delivery system, including improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. The document discusses the introduction, advantages, importance, formulation via hand shaking or ether injection methods, and evaluation of pharmacosomes through analysis of solubility, drug content, and other parameters.
This document presents a summary of gastrointestinal (GI) simulation and model construction for predicting oral drug absorption. It discusses various compartmental models that can be used for GI simulation, including CAT, ADAM, Grass, and GITA models. Commercial software packages for GI simulation are also listed, such as GastroPlus, INTELLIPHARM PKCR, SimCYP, PK-Sim, IDEA, Cloe PK, and Cloe HIA. The document then focuses on using GastroPlus software to construct two models to simulate the oral absorption of the drug Nimesulide and compare the predicted pharmacokinetic parameters to observed in vivo data. Model 2 provided a better fit to the in vivo observations by accounting
The document discusses various drug delivery systems including niosomes, aquasomes, and phytosomes. Niosomes are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate medications and offer advantages over liposomes such as lower cost and greater stability. Aquasomes are three-layered nanoparticle structures consisting of a ceramic core coated with an oligosaccharide film that can deliver fragile molecules while maintaining their integrity. Phytosomes utilize phospholipids to surround active herbal constituents, improving their absorption and bioavailability compared to traditional herbal extracts.
This PPT includes what role does Dosage form impart on absorption. Why it is important in absorption. what should be its nature and type of dosage form.
Review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmosNimmiRoy
The document discusses the COSMOS standard for organic and natural cosmetics. COSMOS was established in 2002 by five European organizations to set universal standards for organic and natural cosmetics. The standard defines criteria for ingredients, composition, processing, packaging, labeling and certification. Products must be third-party certified to use the COSMOS label to indicate they meet the standard's requirements for using organic and natural ingredients.
Cosmeceuticals :-Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics product with biologically active ingredients purposing to have medical or drug-like benefits.
Cosmeceuticals means combination of “Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals”
Sunscreen :- Sunscreen also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protects the skin.
Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs that are covalently bound to lipids. They can exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates depending on the chemical structure of the drug-lipid complex. Pharmacosomes have advantages over other drug delivery systems like liposomes in that the drug is covalently bound so there is no leaching and release is controlled. They can be prepared using methods like hand shaking, ether injection, lyophilization, or solvent evaporation. Pharmacosomes are evaluated for complex formation, morphology, solubility, drug-lipid compatibility, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release.
This document discusses microspheres and microcapsules. It defines microspheres as solid spherical particles ranging from 1-1000μm that can be matrix systems with drug dispersed throughout or reservoir systems with drug enclosed. The document describes various types of microspheres including bioadhesive, magnetic, floating, and radioactive. It also discusses common polymers used and various preparation techniques such as spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Finally, the document outlines methods for evaluating properties of microspheres like particle size, drug loading, and in vitro drug release.
This document presents a summary of gastrointestinal (GI) simulation and model construction for predicting oral drug absorption. It discusses various compartmental models that can be used for GI simulation, including CAT, ADAM, Grass, and GITA models. Commercial software packages for GI simulation are also listed, such as GastroPlus, INTELLIPHARM PKCR, SimCYP, PK-Sim, IDEA, Cloe PK, and Cloe HIA. The document then focuses on using GastroPlus software to construct two models to simulate the oral absorption of the drug Nimesulide and compare the predicted pharmacokinetic parameters to observed in vivo data. Model 2 provided a better fit to the in vivo observations by accounting
The document discusses various drug delivery systems including niosomes, aquasomes, and phytosomes. Niosomes are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate medications and offer advantages over liposomes such as lower cost and greater stability. Aquasomes are three-layered nanoparticle structures consisting of a ceramic core coated with an oligosaccharide film that can deliver fragile molecules while maintaining their integrity. Phytosomes utilize phospholipids to surround active herbal constituents, improving their absorption and bioavailability compared to traditional herbal extracts.
This PPT includes what role does Dosage form impart on absorption. Why it is important in absorption. what should be its nature and type of dosage form.
Review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmosNimmiRoy
The document discusses the COSMOS standard for organic and natural cosmetics. COSMOS was established in 2002 by five European organizations to set universal standards for organic and natural cosmetics. The standard defines criteria for ingredients, composition, processing, packaging, labeling and certification. Products must be third-party certified to use the COSMOS label to indicate they meet the standard's requirements for using organic and natural ingredients.
Cosmeceuticals :-Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics product with biologically active ingredients purposing to have medical or drug-like benefits.
Cosmeceuticals means combination of “Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals”
Sunscreen :- Sunscreen also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protects the skin.
Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs that are covalently bound to lipids. They can exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates depending on the chemical structure of the drug-lipid complex. Pharmacosomes have advantages over other drug delivery systems like liposomes in that the drug is covalently bound so there is no leaching and release is controlled. They can be prepared using methods like hand shaking, ether injection, lyophilization, or solvent evaporation. Pharmacosomes are evaluated for complex formation, morphology, solubility, drug-lipid compatibility, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release.
This document discusses microspheres and microcapsules. It defines microspheres as solid spherical particles ranging from 1-1000μm that can be matrix systems with drug dispersed throughout or reservoir systems with drug enclosed. The document describes various types of microspheres including bioadhesive, magnetic, floating, and radioactive. It also discusses common polymers used and various preparation techniques such as spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Finally, the document outlines methods for evaluating properties of microspheres like particle size, drug loading, and in vitro drug release.
• In silico (literally alluding the mass use of silicon for semiconductor computer chips) is an expression used to performed on computer or via computer simulation
• In silico tools capable of identifying critical factors (i.e. drug physicochemical properties, dosage form factors) influencing drug in vivo performance, and predicting drug absorption based on the selected data set (s) of input factors.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
This document discusses the application of computer-aided techniques in developing pharmaceutical emulsions and microemulsions. It provides several examples of how experimental design and artificial neural networks have been used to optimize emulsion formulations and processing parameters. Specifically, researchers have used factorial design, response surface methodology, and artificial neural networks to determine the ideal concentrations of formulation components, processing conditions, and emulsifier mixtures to produce emulsions with desirable properties like stability, viscosity, and particle size. These computer-aided approaches allow for simultaneous optimization of multiple formulation parameters and provide a way to shorten product development time compared to traditional trial-and-error methods.
This document discusses microcapsules and microspheres, including their types, sizes, materials used, and preparation methods. Microcapsules contain an active agent surrounded by a polymeric shell, while microspheres are small spherical particles made of polymers, glass, or ceramics between 1-1000 microns in diameter. Common preparation methods include emulsion polymerization, interfacial polycondensation, suspension crosslinking, solvent evaporation/extraction, and coacervation/phase separation.
Problems of variable control in dissolution testing discusses issues that can affect the results of dissolution testing. Dissolution testing is important for characterizing drug release from oral solid dosages and ensuring bioavailability. However, variables like equipment alignment and agitation levels can increase variability in dissolution rates measured. Both the paddle and basket methods are sensitive to different issues like tilting, clogging, or air bubbles. No single method works best for all products, so selection depends on the specific drug formulation and optimizing test conditions.
This document discusses several approaches to extend gastrointestinal transit time for drug delivery systems, including hydrodynamically balanced systems, floating systems, inflatable systems, osmotically controlled systems, intraumen controlled release systems, bioadhesive systems, and coadministration with motility reducing agents. Each approach is described in 1-2 sentences with key details about how it functions to prolong GI retention and residence time.
INTRA NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM By RohitSharma.pptxRohit629384
A brief overview on Formulation of Intra Nasal Drug Delivery System By Rohit Sharma
#DrugDelivery
#NasalDelivery
#IntraNasalDrug
#DrugAdministration
#MedicalTechnology
#Pharmaceuticals
#HealthcareInnovation
#DrugDevelopment
#PharmaTech
#NasalDrugDelivery
#InnovationInHealthcare
#DrugFormulation
#Biopharmaceutics
#DrugAbsorption
#TherapeuticDelivery
#DrugAbsorption
#PharmaceuticalTechnology
#MedicalDevices
#DrugDiscovery
#NasalSpray
#HealthTech
#DrugFormulation
#TherapeuticInnovation
#MedicationDelivery
#DrugDesign
#Pharmacokinetics
#HealthScience
#DrugResearch
#PharmaInnovation
#DrugDevelopmentProcess
#BiomedicalEngineering
#DrugBioavailability
#PharmaceuticalIndustry
#PrecisionMedicine
Intranasal drug delivery is a method of administering medications through the nasal route. This approach offers several advantages over traditional oral or injectable routes, including rapid onset of action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and non-invasive delivery.
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for drug administration due to its large surface area, rich vascularization, and permeability to many drugs. In intranasal drug delivery, medications can be administered in various forms such as nasal sprays, drops, powders, or gels.
Once administered, drugs can quickly enter the bloodstream through the nasal mucosa, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism. This can lead to improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy for certain drugs.
Intranasal drug delivery has been utilized for a wide range of applications including pain management, hormone therapy, vaccination, treatment of allergic rhinitis, and central nervous system disorders such as migraine and epilepsy. Ongoing research continues to explore new formulations, delivery techniques, and applications for this versatile drug delivery system.
Aquasomes are nanoparticle carrier systems composed of a solid nanocrystalline core coated with polyhydroxy oligomers. They are able to protect fragile biological molecules through water-like properties and high surface exposure. Aquasomes are prepared through a self-assembly process involving interaction of charged groups, hydrogen bonding, and structural stability. This allows active loading of molecules like proteins, antigens, and genes. Characterization techniques confirm the structure, drug loading, and release kinetics of aquasomes, which have applications in delivery of vaccines, hemoglobin, insulin, and enzymes orally and intravenously.
Cellular uptake of drugs can occur through passive diffusion of small molecules or active transport of larger particles via endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, or pinocytosis. Transport across epithelial barriers relies on passive diffusion, carriers, or endocytosis. Extravasation from blood vessels depends on permeability and physicochemical drug properties, while lymphatic uptake drains drug molecules from tissues. The reticuloendothelial system phagocytoses pathogens and debris from circulation and tissues.
Surfactants, emollients and rheological AdditivespptxNileshMuttalwad1
This document provides an overview of surfactants, emollients, and rheological additives used in cosmetic formulations. It defines these ingredients and discusses their classification and applications. Surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric depending on their hydrophilic group. Common surfactants used in cosmetics include sodium lauryl sulfate, decyl glucoside, and cetyl alcohol. Emollients are moisturizing agents that form a protective film on skin, examples include lanolin, cholesterol, and fatty acid esters. Rheological additives are used to control the flow properties and stability of formulations.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution following oralOsaid Al Meanazel
This document summarizes the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution profiles of orally administered nanoparticles containing peptide and protein drugs. It examines how nanoparticle formulations can alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of peptides and proteins. The document discusses how physicochemical properties like size, charge and surface properties influence nanoparticle behavior. It also reviews existing data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally delivered peptide-loaded nanoparticles and discusses regulatory challenges and the need for more comprehensive studies.
computational model of drug disposition.SaloniDalwadi
this presentation is about digitalization in pharmacy for prediction of parameter like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics before drug dicovery process or formulation development process.
Rate limiting steps in drug absorption [autosaved]Nagaraju Ravouru
Rate limiting steps in drug absorption 1.Disintegration time
2.Dissolution and solubility
3.Physical and chemical nature of active drug substance
4.Nature of excipients
5.Method of granulation
6.Dissolution test conditions
7.Gastric emptying
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs that are covalently bound to lipids. They can exist as vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates depending on the drug-lipid complex. The presentation discusses the advantages of pharmacosomes over other drug delivery systems like liposomes, as well as their importance, formulation, evaluation, applications, and limitations. The key components and preparation methods for pharmacosomes are also outlined.
Pharmacosomes are lipid-based vesicular drug delivery systems where drugs are covalently bound to lipids. They can incorporate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and deliver them in a targeted manner. Pharmacosomes have advantages like high drug loading, direct delivery to the site of action, and reduced toxicity. They are formulated using techniques like solvent evaporation, ether injection, and lyophilization. Pharmacosomes show potential for improving drug absorption, transport, and therapeutic effects. Evaluation methods include assessing solubility, drug content, surface morphology, thermal behavior, and in vitro drug release.
• In silico (literally alluding the mass use of silicon for semiconductor computer chips) is an expression used to performed on computer or via computer simulation
• In silico tools capable of identifying critical factors (i.e. drug physicochemical properties, dosage form factors) influencing drug in vivo performance, and predicting drug absorption based on the selected data set (s) of input factors.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
This document discusses the application of computer-aided techniques in developing pharmaceutical emulsions and microemulsions. It provides several examples of how experimental design and artificial neural networks have been used to optimize emulsion formulations and processing parameters. Specifically, researchers have used factorial design, response surface methodology, and artificial neural networks to determine the ideal concentrations of formulation components, processing conditions, and emulsifier mixtures to produce emulsions with desirable properties like stability, viscosity, and particle size. These computer-aided approaches allow for simultaneous optimization of multiple formulation parameters and provide a way to shorten product development time compared to traditional trial-and-error methods.
This document discusses microcapsules and microspheres, including their types, sizes, materials used, and preparation methods. Microcapsules contain an active agent surrounded by a polymeric shell, while microspheres are small spherical particles made of polymers, glass, or ceramics between 1-1000 microns in diameter. Common preparation methods include emulsion polymerization, interfacial polycondensation, suspension crosslinking, solvent evaporation/extraction, and coacervation/phase separation.
Problems of variable control in dissolution testing discusses issues that can affect the results of dissolution testing. Dissolution testing is important for characterizing drug release from oral solid dosages and ensuring bioavailability. However, variables like equipment alignment and agitation levels can increase variability in dissolution rates measured. Both the paddle and basket methods are sensitive to different issues like tilting, clogging, or air bubbles. No single method works best for all products, so selection depends on the specific drug formulation and optimizing test conditions.
This document discusses several approaches to extend gastrointestinal transit time for drug delivery systems, including hydrodynamically balanced systems, floating systems, inflatable systems, osmotically controlled systems, intraumen controlled release systems, bioadhesive systems, and coadministration with motility reducing agents. Each approach is described in 1-2 sentences with key details about how it functions to prolong GI retention and residence time.
INTRA NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM By RohitSharma.pptxRohit629384
A brief overview on Formulation of Intra Nasal Drug Delivery System By Rohit Sharma
#DrugDelivery
#NasalDelivery
#IntraNasalDrug
#DrugAdministration
#MedicalTechnology
#Pharmaceuticals
#HealthcareInnovation
#DrugDevelopment
#PharmaTech
#NasalDrugDelivery
#InnovationInHealthcare
#DrugFormulation
#Biopharmaceutics
#DrugAbsorption
#TherapeuticDelivery
#DrugAbsorption
#PharmaceuticalTechnology
#MedicalDevices
#DrugDiscovery
#NasalSpray
#HealthTech
#DrugFormulation
#TherapeuticInnovation
#MedicationDelivery
#DrugDesign
#Pharmacokinetics
#HealthScience
#DrugResearch
#PharmaInnovation
#DrugDevelopmentProcess
#BiomedicalEngineering
#DrugBioavailability
#PharmaceuticalIndustry
#PrecisionMedicine
Intranasal drug delivery is a method of administering medications through the nasal route. This approach offers several advantages over traditional oral or injectable routes, including rapid onset of action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and non-invasive delivery.
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for drug administration due to its large surface area, rich vascularization, and permeability to many drugs. In intranasal drug delivery, medications can be administered in various forms such as nasal sprays, drops, powders, or gels.
Once administered, drugs can quickly enter the bloodstream through the nasal mucosa, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism. This can lead to improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy for certain drugs.
Intranasal drug delivery has been utilized for a wide range of applications including pain management, hormone therapy, vaccination, treatment of allergic rhinitis, and central nervous system disorders such as migraine and epilepsy. Ongoing research continues to explore new formulations, delivery techniques, and applications for this versatile drug delivery system.
Aquasomes are nanoparticle carrier systems composed of a solid nanocrystalline core coated with polyhydroxy oligomers. They are able to protect fragile biological molecules through water-like properties and high surface exposure. Aquasomes are prepared through a self-assembly process involving interaction of charged groups, hydrogen bonding, and structural stability. This allows active loading of molecules like proteins, antigens, and genes. Characterization techniques confirm the structure, drug loading, and release kinetics of aquasomes, which have applications in delivery of vaccines, hemoglobin, insulin, and enzymes orally and intravenously.
Cellular uptake of drugs can occur through passive diffusion of small molecules or active transport of larger particles via endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, or pinocytosis. Transport across epithelial barriers relies on passive diffusion, carriers, or endocytosis. Extravasation from blood vessels depends on permeability and physicochemical drug properties, while lymphatic uptake drains drug molecules from tissues. The reticuloendothelial system phagocytoses pathogens and debris from circulation and tissues.
Surfactants, emollients and rheological AdditivespptxNileshMuttalwad1
This document provides an overview of surfactants, emollients, and rheological additives used in cosmetic formulations. It defines these ingredients and discusses their classification and applications. Surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric depending on their hydrophilic group. Common surfactants used in cosmetics include sodium lauryl sulfate, decyl glucoside, and cetyl alcohol. Emollients are moisturizing agents that form a protective film on skin, examples include lanolin, cholesterol, and fatty acid esters. Rheological additives are used to control the flow properties and stability of formulations.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution following oralOsaid Al Meanazel
This document summarizes the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution profiles of orally administered nanoparticles containing peptide and protein drugs. It examines how nanoparticle formulations can alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of peptides and proteins. The document discusses how physicochemical properties like size, charge and surface properties influence nanoparticle behavior. It also reviews existing data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally delivered peptide-loaded nanoparticles and discusses regulatory challenges and the need for more comprehensive studies.
computational model of drug disposition.SaloniDalwadi
this presentation is about digitalization in pharmacy for prediction of parameter like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics before drug dicovery process or formulation development process.
Rate limiting steps in drug absorption [autosaved]Nagaraju Ravouru
Rate limiting steps in drug absorption 1.Disintegration time
2.Dissolution and solubility
3.Physical and chemical nature of active drug substance
4.Nature of excipients
5.Method of granulation
6.Dissolution test conditions
7.Gastric emptying
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs that are covalently bound to lipids. They can exist as vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates depending on the drug-lipid complex. The presentation discusses the advantages of pharmacosomes over other drug delivery systems like liposomes, as well as their importance, formulation, evaluation, applications, and limitations. The key components and preparation methods for pharmacosomes are also outlined.
Pharmacosomes are lipid-based vesicular drug delivery systems where drugs are covalently bound to lipids. They can incorporate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and deliver them in a targeted manner. Pharmacosomes have advantages like high drug loading, direct delivery to the site of action, and reduced toxicity. They are formulated using techniques like solvent evaporation, ether injection, and lyophilization. Pharmacosomes show potential for improving drug absorption, transport, and therapeutic effects. Evaluation methods include assessing solubility, drug content, surface morphology, thermal behavior, and in vitro drug release.
This document discusses pharmacosomes, which are colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently bound to lipids. Pharmacosomes can improve drug bioavailability and absorption while minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity. They are prepared using methods like hand shaking or ether injection to form vesicles. Pharmacosomes act by interacting with biomembranes to enhance permeability. They have advantages like high entrapment efficiency and stability. Various drugs have been formulated as pharmacosomes for targeted delivery and improved therapeutic effects.
Pharmacosomes are the colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently bound to lipids, and may exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates, depending on the chemical structure of drug-lipid complex.
The presentation outlines the structure, advantages, and applications of liposomes for drug delivery, summarizing recent literature on liposomal formulations for cancer treatment. Methods of liposome preparation and characterization are also reviewed, along with a roadmap of topics to be covered in the seminar including drug targeting strategies, nanopharmaceuticals, and recent patents related to liposomal drug delivery.
Formulation factors affecting drug absorptionshikha singh
This presentation discusses formulation factors that affect drug absorption. It identifies manufacturing variables like compression force during tablet production and granulation methods. It also discusses the influence of pharmaceutical ingredients like excipients, vehicles, diluents, and surfactants. Finally, it examines how the nature and type of the dosage form, such as solutions, suspensions, capsules and tablets, can impact drug absorption. The goal is to understand these formulation factors to develop dosage forms that allow drugs to be effectively absorbed and exert their pharmacological effects.
Liposomes is Greek words means ‘Lipo’ mean ‘Fat’ and ‘Somes’ mean ‘Body’.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids.
Liposomes are extensively used as carriers for numerous molecules in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Hydrogels,
introduction,
historical background,
properties,
classification,
difference between chemical and physical hydrogels,
common uses,
pharmaceutical applications,
preparation methods,
list of monomers used,
analytical machines,
advantages,
disadvantages,
conclusion
This document discusses prodrug design. It defines prodrugs as pharmacologically inert derivatives that can be converted in vivo to the active drug molecule. The goals of prodrug design are to overcome undesirable drug properties related to absorption, distribution, metabolism and toxicity. Examples are given of prodrugs that increase oral absorption or provide targeted delivery to tumors. Prodrugs are evaluated based on their physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile to ensure they are converted to the active drug molecule.
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
Novel drug delivery systems aim to optimize drug pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, and increase efficacy and bioavailability. They include polymers, micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and hydrogels that can encapsulate, protect, target, and gradually release drugs. These systems help minimize harmful side effects, maximize drug accumulation at target sites, and overcome biological barriers to treatment of severe diseases.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
A Review- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Aspect of Nanocrystalline Suspen...Dhaval shah
This document reviews pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of nanocrystalline suspensions. It discusses how nanocrystals have emerged as a potential formulation strategy to enhance dissolution rate and solubility for poorly soluble drugs. The review provides an in-depth look at processing methods, quantitative assessments of solubility and dissolution rates, and their correlation to pharmacokinetic data. It also discusses the lack of understanding around changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties like solubility and dissolution rate upon nanosizing, and reviews literature on quantitatively studying the effect of particle size and surface area on initial dissolution rate enhancement.
A Review- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Aspect of Nanocrystalline Suspen...Dhaval shah
This document reviews pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of nanocrystalline suspensions. It discusses how nanocrystals have emerged as a potential formulation strategy to enhance dissolution rate and solubility for poorly soluble drugs. The review provides an in-depth look at processing methods, quantitative assessments of solubility and dissolution rates, and their correlation to pharmacokinetic data. It also discusses the lack of understanding around changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties like solubility and dissolution rate upon nanosizing, and reviews literature on quantitatively studying the effect of particle size and surface area on initial dissolution rate enhancement.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Strategy to Improve Oral Delivery of the Biophar...BRNSS Publication Hub
In drug discovery, approximately 70% of new drug candidates have shown poor aqueous solubility
in recent years. Currently, approximately 40% of the marketed immediate release (IR) oral drugs are
categorized as practically insoluble (<100 g/mL). The aqueous solubility of a drug is a critical determinant
of its dissolution rate. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a useful tool for decisionmaking
in formulation development from a biopharmaceutical point of view. BCS Class II drugs are
identified as low solubility and high permeability. In general, the bioavailability of a BCS Class II drug is
rate limited by its dissolution so that even a small increase in dissolution rate sometimes results in a large
increase in bioavailability. Therefore, an enhancement of the dissolution rate of the drug is thought to be
a key factor for improving the bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
were developed in the mid-1980s as an alternative system to the existing traditional carriers (emulsions,
liposomes, microparticles, and their polymeric counterparts) when Speiser prepared the first micro- and
nano-particles (named nano pellets) made up of solid lipids for oral administration. SLNs are colloidal
carriers made up of lipids that remain solid at room temperature and body temperature and also offer unique
properties such as small size (50–500 nm), large surface area, high drug loading, and the interaction of
phases at the interfaces and are attractive for their potential to improve performance of pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals, and other materials. Moreover, SLN are less toxic than other nanoparticulate systems
due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature. SLN is capable of encapsulating hydrophobic
and hydrophilic drugs, and they also provide protection against chemical, photochemical, or oxidative
degradation of drugs, as well as the possibility of a sustained release of the incorporated drugs.
1. The document presents a review on liposomes as a novel drug delivery system. It discusses the structure, types, preparation methods and therapeutic applications of liposomes.
2. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They offer advantages like biocompatibility, controlled release and targeted drug delivery.
3. Common methods for preparing liposomes include sonication, ether injection and ethanol injection. Liposomes find applications in cancer therapy, vaccines, antimicrobial therapy and more. They help enhance drug solubility, protect drugs and alter pharmacokinetics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Pharmacosomes.
1. A Seminar on Pharmacosomes
By:
Shakeel Shaikh Shaikh Quader
M.Pharm (Pharmacuetics)
shakeelpharma4@gmail.com
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Siraj Shaikh
HOD of Pharmacuetics
Ali Allana COP Akkalkuwa
14/12/2017 1Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
4. vMost of the drugs, particularly chemotherapeutic agents, have
shown to have narrow therapeutic window, and their clinical
use is limited. Thus, their therapeutic effectiveness may be
increased by incorporating them in an advantageous manner. In
the past few decades, considerable attention had been focused
on the development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS).
v Lipid based drug delivery systems have been examined in
various studies and exhibited their potential in controlled and
targeted drug delivery. Pharmacosomes, a novel vesicular drug
delivery system, offering a unique advantage over liposomes
and niosomes, and serve as potential alternative to these
conventional vesicles.
14/12/2017 4Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
5. üPharmacosomes are the colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently
bound to lipids, and may exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar, or
hexagonal aggregates, depending on the chemical structure of drug-
lipid complex.
üAs the system is formed by binding the drug (pharmakon) to carrier
(soma), they are termed as pharmacosomes.
üThe development of pharmacosomes depend upon the bulk and
surface interaction of the lipids with the particular drug.
üAny drug having the active hydrogen atom like –COOH, -OH, -
NH2 etc are esterified to lipid with or without help of spacer chain
which strongly result in the formation of amphiphilic compound, that
can help in the cell wall transfer in the organism.
14/12/2017 5Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
7. ü Pharmacosomes impart better biopharmaceutical
properties to the drug, resulting in improved
bioavailability.
ü Pharmacosomes have been prepared for various non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proteins,
cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs.
ü Developing the pharmacosomes of the drugs has been
found to improve the absorption and minimize the
gastrointestinal toxicity.
14/12/2017 7Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
8. Advantage of Pharmacosomes
1. No leaching of drug takes place because the drug is
covalently bound to the carrier.
2. Drugs can be delivered directly to the site of infection.
3. Drug release from pharmacosomes is generally
governed by hydrolysis (including enzymatic).
4. Their degradation velocity into active drug molecule,
after absorption depends on their size and functional
groups of the drug molecule, the chain length of the
lipids, and spacer.
14/12/2017 8Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
9. 5. Reduced cost of therapy.
6. Suitable for both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. The
aqueous solution of these amphiphiles exhibits
concentration dependant aggregation.
7. High and predetermined entrapment efficiency of drug
and carrier are covalently linked together.
8. Volume of inclusion doesn’t influence on entrapment
efficiency.
9. No need of removing the free un-entrapped drug from
the formulation which is required in case of liposomes.
10. Improves bioavailability especially in case of poorly
soluble drugs.
11.Reduction in adverse effects and toxicity.
14/12/2017 9Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
10. 1. Pharamcosomes have some importance in escaping the tedious
steps of removing the free unentrapped drug from the
formulation.
2. Pharmacosomes provide an efficient method for delivery of drug
directly to the site of infection, leading to reduction of drug
toxicity with no adverse effects and also reduces the cost of
therapy by improved bioavailability of medication, especially in
case of poorly soluble drugs.
3. Pharmacosomes are suitable for incorporating both hydrophilic
and lipophilic drugs.
4. Entrapment efficiency is not only high but predetermined,
because drug itself in conjugation with lipids forms vesicles.
5. There is no need of following the tedious, time-consuming step
for removing the free, unentrapped drug from the formulation.
Important
14/12/2017 10Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
11. 6. Since the drug is covalently linked, loss due to leakage of drug,
does not take place.
7. No problem of drug incorporation
8. Encaptured volume and drug-bilayer interactions do not
influence entrapment efficiency, in case of pharmacosomes.
9. In pharmacosomes, membrane fluidity depends upon the phase
transition temperature of the drug lipid complex, but it does not
affect release rate since the drug is covalently bound.
10. The drug is released from pharmacosome by hydrolysis
(including enzymatic).
11. The physicochemical stability of the pharmacosome depends
upon the physicochemical properties of the drug-lipid complex.
14/12/2017 11Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
13. Components used for the formulation of
pharmacosomes
There are three essential components for pharmacosomes
preparation.
Drugs
Drugs containing active hydrogen atom (-COOH, OH, NH2)
can be esterified to the lipid, with or without spacer chain and
they form amphiphilic complex which in turn facilitate
membrane, tissue, cell wall transfer in the organisms.
Solvents
For the preparation of pharmacosomes, the solvents should
have high purity and volatile in nature. A solvent with
intermediate polarity is selected for pharmacosomes
preparation.
14/12/2017 13Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
14. Lipids
Phospholipids are the major structure component of
biological membranes, where two types of phospholipids
such as phosphoglycerides and spingolipids are generally
used. The most common phospholipid is phosphotidyl
choline moiety. Phosphotidyl choline is an amphiphilic
molecule in which a glycerol bridges links a pair of
hydrophobic acyl hydrocarbon chains, with a hydrophilic
polar head group phosphocholine.
14/12/2017 14Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
17. This method produce multilamellar vesicle with a large
diameter.
The lipophilic surfactant like span 40, span 60, span 80,
cholesterol and diacetyl phasphate can also be used in
hand shaking method.
14/12/2017 17Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
21. Drug salt was converted into the acid form to provide an active
hydrogen site
for complexation.
Drug acid was prepared by acidification of an aqueous solution
of drug salt, extraction into chloroform, and subsequent recrystallization.
Drug -PC complex was prepared by associating drug acid with an
equimolar
concentration of PC.
The equimolar concentration of PC and drug acid were placed in a 100-
mL round bottom flask and dissolved in dichloromethane.
The solvent was evaporated under vacuum at 40°C in a rotary vacuum
evaporator.
The pharmacosomes were collected as the dried residue and placed in a
vacuum desiccator overnight and then subjected to characterization.
Formulation of pharmacosomes:
14/12/2017 21Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
22. Pharmacosomes are evaluated for the following parameters.
Solubility:
To determine the change in solubility due to complexation,
solubility of drug acid and drug-PC complex was determined in pH
6.8 phosphate buffer and n-octanol by the shake-flask method.
Drug acid (50 mg) (and 50 mg equivalent in case of complex)
was placed in a 100-mL conical flask. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (50
mL) was added and then stirred for 15 minutes.
The suspension was then transferred to a 250 mL separating
funnel with 50 mL n-octanol and was shaken well for 30 minutes.
Then the separating funnel was kept still for about 30 minutes.
Concentration of the drug was determined from the aqueous layer
spectrophotometrically at 276 nm.
Evaluation of pharmacosomes:
14/12/2017 22Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
24. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC):
Thermograms of drug acid, phosphatidylcholine (80 %) and the
drug -PC complex were recorded using a 2910 Modulated
Differential Scanning Calorimeter V4.4E (TA Instruments, USA).
The thermal behavior was studied by heating 2.0 ± 0.2 mg of
each individual sample in a covered sample pan under nitrogen gas
flow. The investigations were carried out over the temperature
range 25–250 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min–1.
14/12/2017 24Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
25. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD):
The crystalline state of drug in the different samples was
evaluated using X-ray powder diffraction. Diffraction
patterns were obtained on a Bruker Axs- D8 Discover
Powder X-ray diffractometer, Germany.
The X-ray generator was operated at 40 kV tube
voltages and 40 mA tube current, using lines of copper as
the radiation source. The scanning angle ranged from 1 to
60° of 2q in the step scan mode (step width 0.4° min–1).
Drug acid, phosphatidylcholine 80 % (Lipoid S-80) and
the prepared complex were analyzed.
14/12/2017 25Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
28. Applications:
§ Targeted Drug delivery:
§ Delivery of Peptide drug:
§ E.g: 9-desglycinamide, 8-arginine vasopressin.
§ Carrier for FB
§ Development of Novel ophthalmic DDS
§ Pharmacosomes elicit greater shelf stability.
§ The approach has successfully improved the therapeutic
performance of various drugs i.e. pindolol maleate,
bupranolol hydrochloride, taxol, acyclovir, etc.
14/12/2017 28Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
29. The phase transition temperature of pharmacosomes in the
vesicular and Micellar state could have significant influence
on their interaction with membranes.
Pharmacosomes can interact with bimembranes enabling a
better transfer of active ingredient. This interaction leads to
change in phase transition temperature of bimembranes
thereby improving the membrane fluidity leading to enhance
permeations.
Pharmacosomes have greater degree of selectivity for action
on specific target cells.
14/12/2017 29Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
30. Drug Therapeutic Application of
Drugs after incorporation
with Pharmacosomes.
Pindolol diglyceride Three to five fold increase in
plasma concentration Lower
renal clearance [
Amoxicillin Improved cytoprotection and
treatment of H.pylori infections
in male rats.
Taxol Improved biological activity
Cytarbin Improved biological activity
Dermatan sulfate Improved biological activity
Bupranolol hydrochloride Enhanced effect on intraocular
pressure.
Enhance lymph transport
14/12/2017 30Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)
31. Conclusion:
Vesicular systems have been realized as extremely useful carrier
systems in various scientific domains. Over the years, vesicular
systems have been investigated as a major drug delivery system,
due to their flexibility to be tailored for varied desirable purposes.
In spite of certain drawbacks, the vesicular delivery systems still
play an important role in the selective targeting, and the controlled
delivery of various drugs. Researchers all over the world continue
to put in their efforts in improving the vesicular system by making
them steady in nature, in order to prevent leaching of contents,
oxidation, and their uptake by natural defense mechanisms.
14/12/2017 31Shaikh Shakeel (AACOP Akkalkuwa)