General pharmacological terms which will be helpful to Pharmacy Students in their Entrance Exam Preparation. i.e GPAT. In this PPT you can find many pharmacological terms which will be helpful to understand the basic knowledge about Pharmacology. Please let me know how it is and if you want any information related to this subject or any other subject you can contact me. Email ID: shantanuthakre789@gmail.com For Pharmacy, Medicine, Heath & fitness information you can follow my blog : https://pharmamedinfo7466.blogspot.com/ https://healthfitness1397.blogspot.com/ Thank You For Your Love And Support.

1. PHARMACOLOGICAL TERMS
a) Achyliagastria: Absence of gastric juice.
b) Achlorhydria: Absence of free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
c) Academia: Abnormal acidity of the blood, having increased hydrogen ions
and a low ph.
d) Acne: Inflammatory pile-sebaceous disease characterized by pus filled
cysts in the skin.
e) Actinomycosis: Fungal disease caused by actinomycetes.
f) Addison’s disease: Disease of deficient secretion from adrenal cortex.
g) Adenoma: A non-malignant tumour of glandular tissue.
h) Adolescence: Age between puberty and full maturity (youth).

2. i. Aerosol: Atomized particles suspended in gaseous form inhalation.
j. Agranulocytosis: Marked reduction of granulocytes in WBC.
k. Albuminuria: Presence of albumin in urine.
l. Alopecia: Baldness or falling off of hair from scalp.
m. Amenorrhea: Absence of menses during adults life in women.
n. Amnesia: Partial or complete loss of memory.
o. Anaphylaxis: Immediate and acute type of severe allergy often associated
with hypotension and shock.
p. Anemia: Symptom complex characterized by loss of appetite, restlessness,
breathlessness and loss of weight and is due to decreased oxygen carrying
capacity of blood, due to haemoglobin or RBC count.
q. Angina pectoris: Constricting type of chest pain, often radiating to left arm
due to diseased cardiac condition : cardiac ischemia.

3. r. Angioneurotic oedema: Severe form of allergy, involving face, hands,
genitals, or throat with sever oedema.
s. Anorexia: Loss of appetite.
t. Antisera: Supernatant fluid containing anti-bodies.
u. Anuria: Absence of secretion of urine by the kidney.
v. Anxiety: Feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness and mental tension.
w. Appendicitis: Inflammation of vermiform appendix.
x. Aplastic Anemia: Anemia with less number of RBC, as well as less WBC
and TC due to bone marrow depression.
y. Apnea: Transitory cessation of breathing.
z. Arrhythmia: Any deviation from the normal rhythm of heart beat.
aa. Arthritis: Inflammation of Joints.

4. 1. Asthma: Spasmodic chronic disease characterized by breathlessness;
cause by narrowing of the bronchial passages (spasm of bronchioles)
especially during exhalation.
2. Astringent: As agent which contracts organic tissue, thus lessening the
secretion and hardening of the surface.
3. Ataxia: Defective muscular control, resulting in irregular and jerky
movement.
4. Atherosclerosis: Hardening and narrowing of arteries.
5. Auricular fibrillation: Irregular and rapid atrial contraction of the heart.
6. Auricular flutter: Rapid and regular atrial rhythmic contractions of the
heart.
7. Azoospermia: Absence of spermatozoa in semen.
8. Bactericidal: Agent that kills bacteria and microbes (bacteria).
9. Bacteriostatic: Agent that prevents the multiplication of microbes .

5. 10. Beriberi: Disease of vitamin B1 deficiency.
11. Blood dyscrasias: A diseased state of blood.
12. Bradycardia: Slow rate of contraction of heart.
13. Breathlessness: Excessive conscious breathing.
14. Bronchitis: Inflammation of bronchi.
15. Carcinoma or cancer: A malignant tumour- dangerous, virulent spreading
growth, developing metastasis, resulting from chronic irritation.
16. Cataract: Development of opacity in lens of the eye.
17. Chemoreceptor trigger zone: Area located in the fourth ventricle ( area
postrema) of medulla oblongata responsible for initiating vomiting.
18. Chey-stroke’s breathing: Intermittent stopping of breathing.
19. Choriocarcinoma: Malignant tumour arising from chorion cells of the
embryo.

6. 20. Cirrhosis: Hardening of the organ. E.g. cirrhosis of liver.
21. Colic: Abnormal contraction of a hollow viscera. E.g. abdominal colic.
22. Colitis: Inflammation of colon.
23. Coma: A state of profound unconsciousness.
24. Conception: The act of becoming pregnant.
25. Congestive cardiac failure: Inadequate output of blood from one or both
ventricles of the heart, resulting in a failure of congestive type (CCF).
26. Congenital: Hereditary, existing from birth.
27. Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of conjunctiva.
28. Constipation: Formation of hard stools and/or delayed normal defecation.
29. Convulsions: Violent, spasmic and paroxysmal, contractions of voluntary
muscles.

7. 30. Cretinism: Thyroid deficiency disease present from the birth and
characterized by retarded physical and mental growth of children.
31. Cryptorchism: A development defect in man whereby the testes do not
descend into the scrotum.
32. Crystalluria: Appearance of crystals in urine.
33. Cushing’s syndrome: A disorder due to excessive adrenal cortical
hormone.
34. Cyanosis: Bluish tinge due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
35. Cycloplegia: Loss of accommodation of eye due to paralysis of ciliary
muscles of eye.
36. Dandruff: Infective inflammatory scaling disease of scalp, face and
sometimes other areas of body.
37. Delirium: Abnormal mental condition characterized by confusion,
hallucination and restlessness.

8. 38. Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin.
39. Diabetic coma: Coma pertaining to diabetic condition of profound
unconsciousness.
40. Diabetic insipidus: Deficiency of vasopressin in posterior pituitary harmone
(anti-diuretic hormone component) leading to excessive urine production.
41. Diarrhea: Inflammation, swell or stretch out from within resulting in liquid
stools.
42. Diplopia: Double vision.
43. Dizziness: Giddiness.
44. Drug fever: Hypersensitive state leading to increase in body temperature
due to administration of a drug.
45. Dwarfism: Decreased linear growth of the body due to growth hormone
deficiency.

9. 46. Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation in women.
47. Dysphoria: Exaggerated feeling of depression and unrest.
48. Dyspepsia: Indigestion in stomach.
49. Dyspnea: Difficulty in breathing.
50. Dystrophy: Defective nutrition (muscular dystrophy – genetically determined,
primary degenerative myopathy).
51. Edema: Abnormal infiltration of tissue with fluid.
52. Embolism: Obstruction of blood vessel by thrombi, air or any other material,
away from the site organ.
53. Emesis: An act of vomiting.
54. Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining (endocardium) of heart.
55. Endometritis: Increased eosinophil count in the WBC of blood.

10. 56. Epilepsy: Organic brain disorder, associated with attacks of convulsion and
unconsciousness.
57. Epistaxis: Bleeding from the nose.
58. Erythema: Redness of the skin (an allergic reaction).
59. Euphoria: An exaggerated feeling of well being, ecstasy.
60. Exophthalmos: Abnormal protrusion of eye balls.
61. Extrapyramidal: Akinesia, tremor and rigidity caused by deficiency or
dopamine in extrapyramidal tracts of the brain.
62. Extrasystole: Premature extra-beat of the heart.
63. Fibrillations: Repeated asynchronous contractions.
64. Gastric lavage: Washing out of the stomach through a rubber tube by
siphon action.

11. 65. Gastritis: Inflammation of gastric mucosa in stomach.
66. Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the mucus membrane of the stomach and
intestine.
67. Gestation: Pregnancy.
68. Gigantism: Increased linear growth of the body due to excessive growth
hormone.
69. Glaucoma: Eye condition where the intraocular pressure is raised.
70. Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
71. Glossitis: Inflammation of tongue.
72. Goitur: Enlargement of thyroid gland.
73. Gout: A form of metabolic disorder in which sodium biurate is deposited in
the cartilages of joints and ear.

12. 74. Granulocytopenia: Abnormal reduction in number of granulocytes of WBC
in the blood.
75. Grave’s disease: Thyrotoxicosis, i.e. excessive formation of thyroid
hormone.
76. Gynecomastia: Enlargement of male mammary gland.
77. Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood.
78. Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine.
79. Hemoglobinemia: Decrease of haemoglobin in the blood plasma.
80. Hemoptysis: Counghing of blood.
81. Hemorrhage: Bleeding.
82. Heart block: Inhibition of speed of conduction of the impulse from auricle to
ventricle of the heart. It may be partial or complete.

13. 83. Heart-burn: Hyperacidity state with gastric contents coming into the mouth
and causing burning sensation in the chest.
84. Hemorrhoids: Swelling containing varicose (dilated) veins in the mucous
membrane of anus (piles)
85. Hepatitis: Inflammation of liver.
86. Hepatoxicity: Harmful effect in liver.
87. Hirsutism: Excessive growth of hair on the body.
88. Hodgkin’s disease: Progressive disease of RES showing enlargement of
lymphatic glands.
89. Hyperglycemia: Increase in blood sugar level.
90. Hyperkaliemia: Increase in potassium content above normal in the blood.
91. Hyperplasia: Excessive formation of cells or over growth in gingival region.

14. 92. Hypertension: High blood-pressure.
93. Hypersensitivity: Abnormal sensitivity to a stimulus of any kind.
94. Hyperthyroidism: Condition caused by excessive secretion of thyroid
hormone from thyroid glands.
95. Hyperuricemia: Abnormal amount of uric acid in blood.
96. Hypoglycemia: Decrease of blood sugar level.
97. Hypokalemia: Decrease in potassium content below normal level in the
body.
98. Hypotension: Low blood-pressure.
99. Hypothermia: Fall in the body temperature.
100. Hypoxia: Diminished amount of oxygen in the tissues.

15. 101. Impotence: Inability of the male to attain or sustain erection satisfactory for
normal coitus.
102. Infection: Disease transmissible from one person to another.
103. Inflammation: Tissue reaction to injury, infection or irritation characterized
by heat, redness, pain and swelling.
104. Insomnia: Chronic inability to sleep.
105. Iritis: Inflammation of iris.
106. Ischemia: Reduced blood supply.
107. Jaundice: A condition characterized by raised bilirubin level in the blood,
leading to yellowish skin and conjunctiva.
108. Kala-azar: An infection disease resulting in leishmaniasis.
109. Labor: Physiological process by which the fetus is expelled from the uterus
at term.

16. 110. Lacrimation: Outflow of tear.
111. Lactation: Breast feeding.
112. Laryngospasm: Spasm of laryngeal muscles.
113. Leukocytosis: Increase in total WBC count about 11,000/cmm.
114. Leucopenia: Decrease in total WBC count below 4,000/cmm.
115. Leukemia: Increase in leucocyte (total WBC) count above 50,000/cmm,
with immature cells from bone marrow.
116. Malignant growth: Rapidly growing, worsening with metastasis, cancer,
sarcoma.
117. Mania: A type of mental disease characterized by undue elation of mood
and psychomotor excitation, alternating with depression of mood.
118. Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges of brain.

17. 119. Menopause: Permanent stoppage of menses, heralding old age women.
120. Myalgia: Muscle pain.
121. Myasthenia gravis: An autoimmune disease characterized by marked
weakness of voluntary muscles.
122. Mydriasis: Dilation of the pupil of the eye.
123. Myeloma: Multiple tumors in bones and their marrow.
124. Myositis: Inflammatory and degenerative changes in muscles.
125. Myotonia: Difficulty in relaxing the muscles after they have been
contracted.
126. Myxedema: Clinical condition of hypothyroidism in adults with decreases
in BMR.
127. Narcolepsy: Tendency to fall asleep.

18. 128. Narcosis: Unconsciousness produced by the drug.
129. Nausea: Vomiting sensation without, or prior to, vomiting.
130. Necrosis: Localized death of tissue.
131. Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidney.
132. Neurogenic: Originating in nerve cells.
133. Nystagmus: Involuntary and jerky movement of eye balls.
134. Obesity: Abnormal increase of fat in the body.
135. Oliguria: Decrease in production of urine.
136. Orthostatic: Caused by upright position (e.g. Orthostatic hypotension).
137. Osteoarthritis: Degenerative condition of large joint causing stiffness.
138. Osteoma: Tumour of bony tissue.

19. 139. Osteomalacia: Adult rickets (Disease of Vitamin – D deficiency.
140. Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone marrow or bone.
141. Osteoporosis: Loss of bone density due to excessive absorption of
calcium and phosphorous from the bone.
142. Palpitation: Rapid heart beat.
143. Paralysis: Complete or incomplete loss of nervous function of a part of the
body.
144. Parkinsonism: Condition of Parkinson’s and similar nervous disease;
blank face and tremors, movement of thumb, muscular rigidity, etc.
145. Paroxysmal tachycardia: Marked increase in frequency of heart beat of
temporary but sudden origin.
146. Peptic ulcer: Circumscribed ulceration of gastric mucosa.
147. Pericarditis: Inflammation of the covering membrane of the heart.

20. 148. Peritonitis: Inflammation of peripheral nerves.
149. Petit mal: Clouding of consciousness with no convulsions, type of epilepsy.
150. Pheochromocytoma: Tumor of adrenal medulla.
151. Photophobia: Abnormal sensitiveness of eyes to light.
152. Pleurisy: Inflammation of pleura.
153. Pneumonia: Acute infection and/or inflammation of the alveolar spaces of
lungs.
154. Poliomyelitis: Destruction of upper motor neurons causing flaccid
paralysis and washing of muscles.
155. Polyuria: Excretion of excessive amount of urine.
156. Pericardial: Pertaining to the area of chest immediately over the heart.
157. Prophylactic: Preventive.

21. 158. Puberty: The age at which reproductive organs become functionally active
(pre-youth state).
159. Raynaud’s syndrome: Spasm of the digital arteries, producing pallor or
cyanosis of fingers or toes.
160. Refractory period: Resistant period during a cardiac beat.
161. Rheumatism: The term referring to disease characterized by affection of
the smaller peripheral joints, accompanied by joint deformities and muscle
wasting.
162. Rickets: Disease of Vitamin D deficiency in children.
163. Scabies: Infectious parasitic disease of skin characterized by itching and
minute superficial burrows in the skin.
164. Scurvy: Disease of Vitamin C deficiency.
165. Schizophrenia: A group of mental illness characterized by disorganization
of the patient’s personality.

22. 166. Tachycardia: Excessive rapid rate of heartbeat.
167. Tachyphylaxis: Quickly developing tolerance, with decreasing drug effect.
168. Tetany: Condition of hyper-excitability in which, mild stimuli produces
cramps and spasms.
169. Thrombocytopenia: A reduction in the number of platelets (TC) in the
blood.
170. Thrombosis: Intravascular formation of blood clot.
171. Thyrotoxicosis: Condition due to excessive production of thyroid
hormone.
172. Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils in the throat by infection.
173. Trachoma: Contagious inflammation affecting conjunctiva, cornea and
eyelids.
174. Trauma: A wound or injury especially produced by external force.

23. 175. Tremor: Involuntary trembling of skeletal muscles.
176. Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which is extreme and
uncoordinated and persists even after cessation of the stimulus which
evoked this change.
177. Ulcer: Local defect or an open sore, with pis, on or in the body.
178. Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina.
179. Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels.
180. Vasodilation: Widening of the lumen of blood vessels.
181. Vertigo: Giddiness
182. Virilism: Appearance of secondary male characterized in the female.
183. Xeropthalmia: Vitamin A deficiency disease of the eyes.

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