This document discusses packaging materials for pharmaceutical products. It begins by outlining factors to consider when selecting packaging, such as the product's characteristics, protective needs, and marketing requirements. It then describes the necessary characteristics of packaging materials, including protecting the product from environmental conditions while meeting regulations. The document categorizes packaging as primary, secondary, tertiary, or ancillary. It provides examples of materials used for different pharmaceutical dosage forms and packaging levels. Finally, it discusses quality control testing and tamper-resistant packaging options.
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
pharmaceutical packaging and packaging materials and it also contains the evaluation of all the pharmaceuticals packaging materials with the regulatory guidelines..
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
pharmaceutical packaging and packaging materials and it also contains the evaluation of all the pharmaceuticals packaging materials with the regulatory guidelines..
The content includes, types of closure and closure liners used in pharmaceutical industry. A brief description regarding various types of closure and liners are given.
pharmaceutical shrink packaging (foil, plastic pouches, bottle seals, tape seals, breakable seals, sealed tubes)
pharmacy
technology
packaging
covers
plastics
Shrink packaging
Shrink packaging indicates the process in which sheets of transparent plastic film are wrapped around a product to form a solid, weather-resistant packaging layer.
Shrink packaging customarily refers to plastic films which have been pre-heated, stretched and cooled prior to use. This causes their initially randomly scattered molecules to align themselves in rigid structures, creating flat sheets of plastic film.
Shrink-wrap
When the shrink packaging films are applied to the product and re-heated, the molecules revert to their previous non-aligned state. This causes the plastic film to shrink and wrap itself tightly around the form and shape of the product (therefore the name ‘shrink-wrap’).
Stretch-wrap
When shrink packaging is simply stretched and wrapped around the product without being re-heated, it is known as ‘stretch-wrap’.
Benefits of shrink-packaging
Shrink packaging offers a versatile, cost-effective packaging solution for several reasons.
First, the materials used (plastic derivatives) are strong yet flexible, and provide effective protection, as well as making the product tamper-proof.
Second, shrink packaging is transparent, making it suitable for retail and wholesale display, and ideal for general marketing purposes due to its clear surface.
Third, shrink packaging is a relatively inexpensive option and ideal for low-cost packaging solutions.
Packaging is an integral part of pharmaceutical product.The most common polyethylene types used in packaging are high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). They are different in density, chain branching, crystallinity and consequently, in mechanical, optical and barrier properties.
Review of pharmaceutical product, packaging and ichDeepak Shukla
Review of stability of packaged material like containers and closures.
The whole ppt is regarding the test perform to know the stability of a container which is used for product storage.
It also contain the guidelines of ICH.
Packaging is best described as a coordinated system of
preparing goods for transport, distribution, storage,
retailing, and use of the goods. Contains, Types, Procedure of manufacturing the plastics, Advantages & Disadvantages.
The content includes, types of closure and closure liners used in pharmaceutical industry. A brief description regarding various types of closure and liners are given.
pharmaceutical shrink packaging (foil, plastic pouches, bottle seals, tape seals, breakable seals, sealed tubes)
pharmacy
technology
packaging
covers
plastics
Shrink packaging
Shrink packaging indicates the process in which sheets of transparent plastic film are wrapped around a product to form a solid, weather-resistant packaging layer.
Shrink packaging customarily refers to plastic films which have been pre-heated, stretched and cooled prior to use. This causes their initially randomly scattered molecules to align themselves in rigid structures, creating flat sheets of plastic film.
Shrink-wrap
When the shrink packaging films are applied to the product and re-heated, the molecules revert to their previous non-aligned state. This causes the plastic film to shrink and wrap itself tightly around the form and shape of the product (therefore the name ‘shrink-wrap’).
Stretch-wrap
When shrink packaging is simply stretched and wrapped around the product without being re-heated, it is known as ‘stretch-wrap’.
Benefits of shrink-packaging
Shrink packaging offers a versatile, cost-effective packaging solution for several reasons.
First, the materials used (plastic derivatives) are strong yet flexible, and provide effective protection, as well as making the product tamper-proof.
Second, shrink packaging is transparent, making it suitable for retail and wholesale display, and ideal for general marketing purposes due to its clear surface.
Third, shrink packaging is a relatively inexpensive option and ideal for low-cost packaging solutions.
Packaging is an integral part of pharmaceutical product.The most common polyethylene types used in packaging are high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). They are different in density, chain branching, crystallinity and consequently, in mechanical, optical and barrier properties.
Review of pharmaceutical product, packaging and ichDeepak Shukla
Review of stability of packaged material like containers and closures.
The whole ppt is regarding the test perform to know the stability of a container which is used for product storage.
It also contain the guidelines of ICH.
Packaging is best described as a coordinated system of
preparing goods for transport, distribution, storage,
retailing, and use of the goods. Contains, Types, Procedure of manufacturing the plastics, Advantages & Disadvantages.
Same as human being food, pet food conforms to strict standards to ensure the safety of pets. Pet food must keep their original flavor and nutrition during maintenance, transportation and shelf life, which rely heavily on the pet food packages. In the keen competitions, prolonging pet food shelf life attracts more and more manufacturers and suppliers attentions. In this article, I will talk about the factors that affect pet food shelf life and related solutions to prolong shelf life in terms of pet food packaging.
SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING TECHNIQUE.pdfShankar Maind Patil
Many pharmaceutical products are sell out in the market from its site to customer site covering miles of distance but .
Its necessary for them to keep their inner content intact throughout their use period .
That's how Packing involved in it.
Different materials like
Glass
Metal
Rubber
Plastic
Have been used for it .
Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safetyDr. IRSHAD A
Over the past few decades the evolution of a number of science disciplines and technologies have revolutionized food and processing sector. Most notable among these are biotechnology, information technology etc… and recently nanotechnology which is now constantly growing in the field of food production, processing, packaging, preservation, and development of functional foods. Food packaging is considered as one of the earliest commercial application of nanotechnology in food sector. Around more than 400 Nanopackaging products are available for commercial use. In 2008, nanotechnology demanded over $15 billion in worldwide research and development money (public and private) and employed over 400,000 researchers across the globe (Roco, M. C. et al. 2010). Nanotechnologies are projected to impact at least $3 trillion across the global economy by 2020, and nanotechnology industries worldwide may require at least 6 million workers to support them by the end of the decade (Roco, M. C. et al. 2010). Scientists and industry stakeholders have already identified potential uses of nanotechnology in virtually every segment of the food industry from agriculture (e.g., pesticide, fertilizer or vaccine delivery; animal and plant pathogen detection; and targeted genetic engineering) to food processing (e.g., encapsulation of flavor or odor enhancers; food textural or quality improvement; new gelation or viscosifying agents) to food packaging (e.g., pathogen, gas or abuse sensors; anticounterfeiting devices, UV-protection, and stronger, more impermeable polymer films) to nutrient supplements (e.g., nutraceuticals with higher stability and bioavailability). Undeniably, the most active area of food nanoscience research and development is packaging: the global nano-enabled food and beverage packaging market was 4.13 billion US dollars in 2008 and has been projected to grow to 7.3 billion by 2014, representing an annual growth rate of 11.65% (www.innoresearch.net).This is likely connected to the fact that the public has been shown in some studies to be more willing to embrace nanotechnology in ‘out of food’ applications than those where nanoparticles are directly added to foods.
Package Testing, Control Atmosphere Packaging, Modified Atmosphere PackagingMansiGupta413277
As we know that packaging of food products is important for their long shelf life. It also plays a great role in avoiding contamination from external environment, maintaining the freshness and nutrient value of the product and also protecting the food from manhandling that occurs during transportation.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
2. SELECTION OF A PACKAGING MATERIALS
1. Begins with a determination of the product’s Physical and
Chemical characteristics.
2. Its protective needs
3. Marketing requirements
3. PM MUST HAVE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS
1. Must protect the preparation from environmental condition.
2. Must not be reactive with the product
3. Must not impart to the product tastes and odour
4. Must be nontoxic
5. Must be FDA approved
6. Must meet applicable tamper resistance requirement
7. Must be adaptable to commonly employed high speed
packaging equipment.
4. FUNCTION OF A DRUG PACKAGE
Fundamental Functions:
1. Containment
2. Protection
Other functions:
1. Inform
2. Dispense
3. Maintain Sterility
4. Child Resistant
5. Temper Evident
6. Sell
7. Transport
7. CLASSIFICATION
Primary Packaging Material
1. Blister and Strip
2. Ampoules, Vials and Prefilled Syringes
3. Bottles (Glass and Plastic) and Caps
4. Pouch and Tube (Laminate and Collapsible)
18. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Glass Containers
Glass for Drugs
(Evaluated by Powdered Glass & Water Attack Test)
1. Type I- Borosilicate Glass
2. Type II- Treated Soda Lime Glass
3. Type III- Regular Soda Lime Glass
4. Type NP- General Purpose Soda Lime Glass
19. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Evaluation
1. Dimension and Defects
Shape
Wall Thickness
Inner Diameter
Outer Diameter
Height
Body Diameter
Vertically Warp and Broken Finish (Cap Sealing Ability)
Checks (Finish, Neck and Bottom)
Annealing Defects
Stones and Seeds
20. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
2. Mechanical Strength Test
Internal Pressure Test
Thermal Shock Test
Vertical Load Test
Hammering Test
3. Chemical Test
Alkalinity Test for USP I, USP II and USP III
4. Other Test
Capability
Weight
21. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Plastic Containers
Mostly Used
1. Polyethylene (PE)
HDPE
LDPE
2. Polypropylene (PP)
3. PVC and PVDC
4. Polystyrene (PS)
Lesser Used
1. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
2. Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET)
3. Polytrifluoroethylene
4. Nylon (Polyamides)
5. Amino Formaldehydes
22. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Drug-Plastic Consideration
1. Permeation
2. Leaching
3. Sorption
4. Chemical reaction
5. Alteration in the Physical Properties of Plastics or
Products.
23. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Evaluation
1. Dimension and Defects
Wall Thickness
Height
Outer Diameter
Inner Diameter
Body diameter
Shape
Verticality
24. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
2. Mechanical Tests
Internal Pressure test
Leakage Test
Stack Load Test
Drop Test
3. Chemical Tests
Environmental Stress Crack resistance Test (ESCR)
Compatibility test
Shelf Life Test
Melt Flow Index
25. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Paper Board Cartons
1. Substance of Paper Board or GSM
2. Stiffness of Board
3. Grain Direction
4. Type of Paper Board
5. Moisture Content
6. Compression Strength
7. Print Quality
8. Scuff Proofness
9. Porosity and Smoothness of Paper Board
10.Dimensions
11.Style of Carton
12.Checking of Printing Matters
26. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
Corrugated fiber board box
1. Internal Dimensions
2. Substance of Each Ply
3. Bursting Strength
4. Cobb Value
(Water Absorption Test)
5. Moisture Content
6. Style of Box
7. Type of Flutes
8. Compression strength
27. QUALITY CONTROL OF PACKAGING MATERIAL
LAMINATE, FOIL, BLISTER PACKAGING AND STRIP PACKAGING
1. Oxygen Permeability
2. Water vapour Transmission rate (WVTR)
3. Compatibility
ALUMINIUM FOIL
4. Printing
Cello Tape Test
Rub Resistance Test
5. Pin Hole
28. TAMPER RESISTANT PACKAGING
1. Film Wrappers
2. Blister Pack
3. Strip Pack
4. Bubble Pack
5. Shrink Seal and Bands
6. Foil, Paper and Plastic pouches
7. Bottle Seals
8. Tape Seals
9. Breakable Seals
10.Sealed Tubes
11.Aerosol containers
12.Sealed cartons
