This chapter discusses different techniques for developing vocabulary and phonological awareness in students including concept sorts, rhyming songs, and alliteration activities. Concept sorts can help students categorize words and extend their understanding and exposure to new vocabulary. Phonological awareness ranges from an understanding of syllables, rhyme, and alliteration and develops over time. Songs and rhymes are natural ways for young children to play with sounds and become aware of rhyming words. Alliteration focuses children's attention on beginning sounds in words and marking word boundaries in print which is an important precursor to literacy.