This document provides an overview of various Building Information Modeling (BIM) specialists, including their roles and responsibilities. It identifies several BIM specialist roles such as BIM Modeler, BIM Analyst, BIM Application Developer, Modeling Specialist, BIM Facilitator, and BIM Consultant. For each role, it describes their key functions and how they contribute to BIM projects in areas like design, construction, and facility management. The goal is to help define these new BIM-related job roles as the industry demand for BIM skills increases.
Contents of the presentation:
1. IFC OVERVIEW
- Back to The Idea of BIM
- Open BIM
- What Is IFC?
- IFC Formats
- IFC Workflow
- Interoperability
- BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
- Model View Definition (MVD)
- Data Modeling
- Modeling Language
- IFC Data Modeling (Schema)
- EXPRESS Schema
2. IFC DATA MODEL
- Inheritance Hierarchy
- Explicit vs Inverse Attributes
- Objectified Relationships
- Viewers
- Spatial Aggregate Hierarchy
- Geometric Representation Methods
- Relative Positioning
3. ATTRIBUTES & PROPERTIES
- It’s all about Data
- Data Mapping
- Attributes Categories
- Attributes in Revit
- Properties Classification
- IFC Property Sets:
- Revit Implementation
- Data Mapping files
4. IFC: THE NOW & THE FUTURE
- Preview
- Ifc Versions Evolution
- Ifc Certification
- ifcBridge Addition to IFC4.2
- Ifc5.0 Infrastructure & Better GIS Integration
- Ifc New Candidate Formats
- Brief Case Study: Ifcjson Format
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Contents of the presentation:
1. IFC OVERVIEW
- Back to The Idea of BIM
- Open BIM
- What Is IFC?
- IFC Formats
- IFC Workflow
- Interoperability
- BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
- Model View Definition (MVD)
- Data Modeling
- Modeling Language
- IFC Data Modeling (Schema)
- EXPRESS Schema
2. IFC DATA MODEL
- Inheritance Hierarchy
- Explicit vs Inverse Attributes
- Objectified Relationships
- Viewers
- Spatial Aggregate Hierarchy
- Geometric Representation Methods
- Relative Positioning
3. ATTRIBUTES & PROPERTIES
- It’s all about Data
- Data Mapping
- Attributes Categories
- Attributes in Revit
- Properties Classification
- IFC Property Sets:
- Revit Implementation
- Data Mapping files
4. IFC: THE NOW & THE FUTURE
- Preview
- Ifc Versions Evolution
- Ifc Certification
- ifcBridge Addition to IFC4.2
- Ifc5.0 Infrastructure & Better GIS Integration
- Ifc New Candidate Formats
- Brief Case Study: Ifcjson Format
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mikael akkus module 3-employer's information rquirementsmikael akkus
This study is a case study of an Hotel Construction. It is prepared in order to constitute an example of the employer's information requirements and give general knowledge about BIM process.
Exploring the adoption of building information modelling (bim) in the malaysi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The construction industry believes that Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a platform that has the potential to promote collaborative activities in the construction industry. Thus, clients are gradually enforcing the use of BIM in their projects, resulting in many construction companies investing in BIM technology in order to fulfill clients' needs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to explore the process and the level of BIM implementation in the Malaysian construction industry. This study was conducted as an exploratory study through literature review and interviewing the organisations that have had BIM experience. The result reveals that Malaysian construction industry players are having difficulties to implement BIM because they do not know where, when and how to start as there is no national BIM standard and guideline for them to follow. Lack of government involvement worsens the current situation besides having the resistance to change from people. To reduce the resistance from people, most of the companies came out with their own strategy such as developing new BIM unit, developing training and education program, changing management style and developing new roles and responsibilities. These activities could facilitate people and the organisations in adopting BIM because BIM is not only a technology but it is also involved in changing the current practices and processes including changing managerial function and hierarchy, including roles and responsibilities. Small to medium scale pilot projects can be described as the best practice to adopt BIM in reducing the risk when migrating from the traditional approach to a new approach. This study also identified that BIM Level in the Malaysian construction industry is between Level 0 and 1. Index Terms: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Malaysian Construction Industry, Government Roles, National BIM Standard, Training and Education, Change Management.
Most of construction projects posses a project based organizational structure, where knowledge
acquired by humans migrate with them outside their organizational bodies once they leave their employer.
Hence, organizational learning and building corporate knowledge that has a life span greater than the
employees‟ turnover are of paramount importance to construction firms. It is considered the means by which
previously acquired experiences from previous projects can be used in decision making processes in similar
projects, wherever similar contexts and conditions are encountered.
The Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) is an initiative to standardize communication between multidisciplinary
software applications through the use of a common Building Information Model (BIM). It facilitates data
communication between software applications and heterogeneous IT platforms, without human intervention.
This paper addresses the problem of organizational learning within the AEC-FM (Architectural, Engineering,
Construction and Facilities Management) domain. It focuses on the design process and its activities. It proposes
a novel approach for utilizing the object oriented features of the IFC/BIM model to structure captured contextual
information about such objects in a manner that facilitates organizational learning. Furthermore, advanced
object versioning techniques are implemented to capture contextual snapshots of design phases at certain stages
within a well defined workflow. This leads to a BIM based information management system that can achieve a
competitive advantage through organizational learning.
Contents of the presentation:
1. IDM OVERVIEW
- buildingSMART STANDARDS
- Data, Information & Knowledge
- What Is IDM?
- Why IDM?
- IDM Benefits
- IDM for BIM Users
- IDM for BIM Solution Providers
- IDM — Process Standard
- IDM — Requirements & Goal
- IDM — Improving the Construction Process
- IDM Components
2. PROCESS MAPS & EXCHANGE REQUIREMENTS
- Preview
- What is a Process map?
- Process Map Components
- Process Map Report
- What is an Exchange Requirement (ER) ?
- Exchange Requirement Form/template
- ER Form/template (Functional Part)
- Exchange Requirement Examples
3. IDM VS MVD
- Integrated Process Overview
- Overview of the IDM/MVD Method
- IDM Deliverables
- Exchange Requirements Model
- Model View Definition (MVD)
- MVD Concepts
- MVD Deliverables
- Implementation Guidance of Concepts
- Large Concepts vs Small Concepts
- MVD Life Cycle
4. IDM/MVD INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT
- mvdXML
- IfcDoc DEMO
- Software Certification
- b-Cert Certification Process
- BIM Validation
- Validation Approaches
- Research Efforts
Advantages and Challenges of Using BIM: a Cost Consultant's PerspectiveMichael Cook
It will be essential for firms to act promptly, in order to meet the government’s
2016 target (BIS, 2011), as well as keeping future fee proposals competitive and not loose -out to ‘early investing’
companies.
Mikael akkus module 3-employer's information rquirementsmikael akkus
This study is a case study of an Hotel Construction. It is prepared in order to constitute an example of the employer's information requirements and give general knowledge about BIM process.
Exploring the adoption of building information modelling (bim) in the malaysi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The construction industry believes that Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a platform that has the potential to promote collaborative activities in the construction industry. Thus, clients are gradually enforcing the use of BIM in their projects, resulting in many construction companies investing in BIM technology in order to fulfill clients' needs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to explore the process and the level of BIM implementation in the Malaysian construction industry. This study was conducted as an exploratory study through literature review and interviewing the organisations that have had BIM experience. The result reveals that Malaysian construction industry players are having difficulties to implement BIM because they do not know where, when and how to start as there is no national BIM standard and guideline for them to follow. Lack of government involvement worsens the current situation besides having the resistance to change from people. To reduce the resistance from people, most of the companies came out with their own strategy such as developing new BIM unit, developing training and education program, changing management style and developing new roles and responsibilities. These activities could facilitate people and the organisations in adopting BIM because BIM is not only a technology but it is also involved in changing the current practices and processes including changing managerial function and hierarchy, including roles and responsibilities. Small to medium scale pilot projects can be described as the best practice to adopt BIM in reducing the risk when migrating from the traditional approach to a new approach. This study also identified that BIM Level in the Malaysian construction industry is between Level 0 and 1. Index Terms: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Malaysian Construction Industry, Government Roles, National BIM Standard, Training and Education, Change Management.
Most of construction projects posses a project based organizational structure, where knowledge
acquired by humans migrate with them outside their organizational bodies once they leave their employer.
Hence, organizational learning and building corporate knowledge that has a life span greater than the
employees‟ turnover are of paramount importance to construction firms. It is considered the means by which
previously acquired experiences from previous projects can be used in decision making processes in similar
projects, wherever similar contexts and conditions are encountered.
The Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) is an initiative to standardize communication between multidisciplinary
software applications through the use of a common Building Information Model (BIM). It facilitates data
communication between software applications and heterogeneous IT platforms, without human intervention.
This paper addresses the problem of organizational learning within the AEC-FM (Architectural, Engineering,
Construction and Facilities Management) domain. It focuses on the design process and its activities. It proposes
a novel approach for utilizing the object oriented features of the IFC/BIM model to structure captured contextual
information about such objects in a manner that facilitates organizational learning. Furthermore, advanced
object versioning techniques are implemented to capture contextual snapshots of design phases at certain stages
within a well defined workflow. This leads to a BIM based information management system that can achieve a
competitive advantage through organizational learning.
Contents of the presentation:
1. IDM OVERVIEW
- buildingSMART STANDARDS
- Data, Information & Knowledge
- What Is IDM?
- Why IDM?
- IDM Benefits
- IDM for BIM Users
- IDM for BIM Solution Providers
- IDM — Process Standard
- IDM — Requirements & Goal
- IDM — Improving the Construction Process
- IDM Components
2. PROCESS MAPS & EXCHANGE REQUIREMENTS
- Preview
- What is a Process map?
- Process Map Components
- Process Map Report
- What is an Exchange Requirement (ER) ?
- Exchange Requirement Form/template
- ER Form/template (Functional Part)
- Exchange Requirement Examples
3. IDM VS MVD
- Integrated Process Overview
- Overview of the IDM/MVD Method
- IDM Deliverables
- Exchange Requirements Model
- Model View Definition (MVD)
- MVD Concepts
- MVD Deliverables
- Implementation Guidance of Concepts
- Large Concepts vs Small Concepts
- MVD Life Cycle
4. IDM/MVD INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT
- mvdXML
- IfcDoc DEMO
- Software Certification
- b-Cert Certification Process
- BIM Validation
- Validation Approaches
- Research Efforts
Advantages and Challenges of Using BIM: a Cost Consultant's PerspectiveMichael Cook
It will be essential for firms to act promptly, in order to meet the government’s
2016 target (BIS, 2011), as well as keeping future fee proposals competitive and not loose -out to ‘early investing’
companies.
15 KEY CONCEPTS THAT A BIM USER SHOULD.pdfZara Anderson
One of the main characteristics of the language in BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the increasingly widespread use of acronyms. This means that on numerous occasions when they are used, their explanation is dispensed with, which is why many of the professionals who work with the BIM methodology end up using them without knowing precisely what they mean.
Building information modeling and fm is the way forwardExcelize
This article talks about how construction industry is benefited by integrating BIM (Building Information Modeling) with facility management software tools like CAFM to manage facility management activities like space management, capital planning, work orders etc. and reducing on-going costs of building operations and maintenance.
BIM means a multitude of things to a myriad of stakeholders, companies, and geographical locations, based on multiple factors.
However, from a holistic viewpoint, the meaning we append to and the expectations we have of BIM are not as important as the connection that BIM brings when properly deployed with cloud-based solutions; thus, filling so many inefficiency gaps.
This is the era of Connected Construction and there has been an increased need for remote collaboration across every industry.
For whatever reason you implement Digital Transformation in your practice, you will most likely reap more benefits in the long run, if you can collaborate and connect with the other stakeholders across your projects.
BIM modeling can be used by anyone in the AEC Industry. It is the future of the sector. It has been seen that 3D BIM models of 3D buildings have been highly reliable by both large and small companies in recent years. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is an intelligent technology tool that creates three-dimensional models of buildings for different purposes. BIM modeling services are a popular tool among architects, engineers, and contractors. Read our blog, https://www.chudasamaoutsourcing.com/blog/bim-modeling-in-detailed-with-different-levels-of-details-lod/
BIM modeling can be used by anyone in the AEC Industry. It is the future of the sector. It has been seen that 3D BIM models of 3D buildings have been highly reliable by both large and small companies in recent years. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is an intelligent technology tool that creates three-dimensional models of buildings for different purposes. BIM modeling services are a popular tool among architects, engineers, and contractors. Read our blog, https://www.chudasamaoutsourcing.com/blog/bim-modeling-in-detailed-with-different-levels-of-details-lod/
Building Information Modelling (BIM)Entities Promoting.docxcurwenmichaela
Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Entities Promoting BIM
Name:
Date:
Institute
Introduction:
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an extensive learning area inside the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry. To permit a precise examination of BIM's divergent fields, its learning parts must be characterized and growing limits portrayed. This paper focuses on promoting BIM and presents the BIM Framework, an exploration and conveyance establishment for industry stakeholders (Succar, 2009)
Entities Promoting BIM
Although BIM hasten small number strength problems, on insure it is intensively effective instrument for storing and sharing impression relevant to a building project. Its prevalence is perhaps to resume growing in the future. BIM software soon features explanation engines, an optimized highlight specific taxonomy and a programming environment to create ideal components. The drug addict gave a pink slip look and interacts by the entire epitome in three-dimensional views as cleanly as orthographic two-dimensional bill, sections and pride of place views of the model. The review in generative capacity has risen in concert by the whole of computer technology which has automated repetitious tasks in all disciplines. Although some of the earliest programs for architectural representation second-hand a BIM overstatement, limitations in computer away with and apprehensive user interfaces for BIM platforms assist a riches in two-dimensional confines drawing programs one as AutoCAD and Bentley micro station. the roots of the claim to fame BIM platforms that are in handle today have been extended by programmers by the whole of the extra territorial input of half-blood programmer architects and a of great scope user headquarters who serve the lifestyle of the software by the agency of ‘wish lists’ or online forums to what place grievances can be aired virtually a output workflow. The grievances typically show once and for all in dressy features and set up upon the at this moment interface. (Quirk, 2012) Comment by Prof J: I dont understand this sentence make it simpler. Comment by Prof J: This too Comment by Prof J: Your sentences are not clear Comment by Prof J: ?? Comment by Prof J: A very long sentence, break it into sentences and make it clear.
The blend of building impression modelling (BIM) and geographic impression System (GIS) in gist management is a nifty and hasty developing that a way in late years, from scrutinize to scholarly practice. BIM has advantages on lush geometric and semantic reference on the building all one born day cycle, at the same time GIS is a broad trade covering revisualization-based term making and geospatial modelling. The building a whole of building impression modelling (BIM) and geographic information system/science (GIS) is a strong corroborate for no backwards and forwards sustainable city guerdon to its capabilities in data fusion, quantitative experiment.
Debunking the 5 most Common BIM Myths.pptxArpitGautam20
Here are some of the biggest and most common BIM myths that are going to get busted. Read on to know all about it through our informative blog.https://rdttech.co/debunking-the-5-most-common-bim-myths/
Quantitative Data AnalysisReliability Analysis (Cronbach Alpha) Common Method...2023240532
Quantitative data Analysis
Overview
Reliability Analysis (Cronbach Alpha)
Common Method Bias (Harman Single Factor Test)
Frequency Analysis (Demographic)
Descriptive Analysis
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
3. Architect/Engineer, Digital Contractor, Digital Project Coordinator, BIM Champion, IDS Champion,
BIM Administrator, 4D Specialist, Building Modeller, Model Integrator, BIM Integrator, BIM
Coordinator, BIM Leader, Modelling Manager,, among others.
The BIM Specialist came to occupy the role of the Building Modeller that was investigated in
2004 (Gallello and Freeman 2004; Camps 2008). Currently, the BIM Manager is being employed by
many companies and the market is open with good salaries, but their roles and responsibilities still are
not very well defined (Foster, 2008).
The BIM Specialist may act in Owner Organizations, Design Firms, General Construction and
Subcontractor Firms (Eastman et al., 2008). This specialist can make up the functional framework of
companies, playing functions on the management and professional career axes or may act externally
as a BIM Consultant, BIM Researcher, Modelling Specialist or BIM Application/Software Developer.
In the professional axis are the following specialists: BIM Analyst, BIM Facilitator, BIM Modeller,
also named BIM Operator, BIM Analyst and BIM Application Developer. In the management axis are
the BIM Manager, that can act at Owner Organizations, Design Firms, General Construction and
Subcontractor Firms (Panushev and Pollalis 2006; Kymmell 2008; US GSA 2009).
In Design Firms the BIM Manager can be a Chief BIM-Officer or a Project Model Manager, that
is also known as Modelling Manager (Eastman et al. 2008a; Panushev and Pollalis 2006). These two
positions can also be named as Technical Champion of Integrated Design Solutions (IDS) and
Integration Champion IDS respectively (Tatum, 2009). In the General Contractor and Subcontractor
Firms, the BIM Manager can occupy two positions: BIM Project Manager or BIM Construction
Officer (Eastman et al., 2008a).
3 Roles and responsibilities of BIM Specialists
The technical literature identifies many different BIM specialists, each with a specific set of
responsibilities which are described below. In practice, a professional may execute the tasks of one or
more of the specialists named here depending of the project and the company size he or she is
working for.
3.1 BIM Modeller
The functions of a BIM Modeller are to create, to develop and to extract 2D documentation from BIM
models (US GSA, 2009). The BIM Modeller can also be named BIM Operator (Kymmell, 2008)
The BIM Modeller may occupy the position of the Draftsperson, but not always a CAD Specialist
will become a BIM Modeller, because the more experienced CAD users are more resistant to change.
However, it is unclear whether the Draftsperson will be replaced by the BIM Modeller with the same
disconnection that exists today between the Draftsperson and the Designer (Khemlani, 2006). Also, it
is natural that a BIM Modeller migrates to the role of a BIM Manager (Kymmell, 2008).
The BIM modeller can have the following additional denominations, depending on his/her focus:
3D Modeller, Cost Modeller, Sequencing Modeller and Detailing Modeller (Panushev and Pollalis,
2006). The 3D Modeller creates the geometry in BIM models working in teams for developing
different parts of the model. The Cost Modeller inserts information about the construction process and
resources required. The Sequencing Modeller add phases to the resources and creates a building
phasing file having as basis the planning provided by the general contractor (Panushev and Pollalis,
2006). The Detailing Modeller develop MEP or HVAC design (Aeorotek, 2009).
The functions of drawing, designing, specifying, sizing, verifying, documenting and detailing in
the design process that once were separated, now become just about one: modelling. Therefore, a BIM
Modeller must have knowledge of the design process because, with BIM, he or she must “design”.
However, the use of BIM for the extraction of quantities and cost planning does not require a change
in the job description of estimators: the Cost Modeller does not have to become a 3D Modeller
4. (Broekmaat, 2009) but only is required to guide the 3D/Detailing Modeller about what should be
detailed, in order to correctly extract the quantities.
3.2 BIM Analyst
The function of the BIM Analyst is to perform analyses and simulations based on the BIM model (US
GSA, 2009), e.g., building performance analysis, circulation and security analysis (Applied Software,
2009). This specialist can work in Design Firms, mainly MEP, and also as a Design Consultant.
3.3 BIM Application Developer or BIM Software Developer
A BIM Application/Software Developer (US GSA, 2009) is a specialist that develops and customize
software to support integration and the BIM process (Applied Software, 2009), from small plug-ins to
BIM servers, integrated project management tools and data repositories (ASHRAE, 2009).
3.4 Modelling Specialist
Modelling Specialists are IT professionals who contribute, along with experts in different areas of the
AEC/FM industry, to the IFC standard, from initial requirements to the final characteristics of a
software product (Weise et al., 2009). They are the proponents of IFC extensions, and have to be
familiar with the IFC data structure and modelling concepts. They are also responsible for mapping of
Exchange Requirements (ER) to IFC classes (Weise et al., 2009). Amor (2009) explains that BIM
models are structurally very complicated and, in most cases, the use of IFC data exchange still
requires that each company to have qualified people to ensure the integrity of the exchanged data.
3.5 BIM Facilitator
The function of a BIM Facilitator is to assist other professionals, not yet skilled in operating BIM
software, in visualizing the model information. He usually works with who is going to physically
construct the building, assisting the engineer's work to communicate with foremen or contractors
(Kymmell, 2008). A similar function may exist for helping facility managers to extract information
from BIM models for asset management, space planning and maintenance scheduling (CICRP, 2009).
3.6 BIM Consultant
Large and medium-sized companies that have adopted or are going to adopt BIM, and do not have an
experienced expert to be part of the project team, can hire a BIM Consultant (Gallello 2008) to guide
project designers, developers and builders in the BIM implementation.
There may be three types of BIM Consultant: Strategic Consultant, Functional Consultant and
Operational Consultant. The Strategic Consultant generates strategies that are typically medium to
long term and are based on a vision of achievement. Functional Consultants generate action plans in
accordance with these strategies. The Operational Consultants are those who actually perform the
process of implementation (personal information)1
. Registered Operational Consultants are trained by
a software supplier to develop implementation plans for their BIM products (ImplementBIM, 2009).
3.7 BIM Researcher
BIM Researcher is the expert that work in universities, research institutes or governmental
organizations, teaching, coordinating and developing research on BIM. They will be leaders in the
creation of new knowledge to benefit the industry, the community and the environment (ASHRAE,
2009). Many of them act as BIM Educators, too.
1
SUCCAR, B., 2009. Personal e-mail message received on 3th October 2009.
5. 3.8 BIM Manager
A BIM implementation plan should include the definition of coordinator(s) and, after the initial goal
is set, the BIM coordinator for each one of the parties can develop and carry out the detailed
implementation of BIM (CICRP, 2009). Therefore, the main function of a BIM Manager is to manage
people in the implementation and/or maintenance of the BIM process.
The BIM Manager works within the company as responsible for coordinating the team and the
production and use of the model. For this, he should examine and evaluate the goals of the BIM
process and then to develop a plan to fit the demands and desires of customers, the experience of the
project team and the availability of resources (Kymmell, 2008). The BIM Manager may serve various
additional functions such as setting design templates, coordinating the integration of entity models,
coordinating the access to the model, etc. But its most important function is to guide the team in
decision making (Post, 2009).
3.8.1 Project Model Manager, Modeling Manager or Model Manager
The Model Manager focuses on the production model and interacts with the system and with the other
project actors (Sebastian, 2009). The need for a Model Manager working within the firms is still a
debated issue and their duties and responsibilities are still not uniformly defined across the AEC
industry. Their duties vary according to the requirements and procedures of the project and are
defined by the parties that contribute to the model (Foster, 2008).
This job’s main function is to integrate information from different stakeholders of the construction
which, according to Foster (2008), will ensure no dilution of responsibility between the project design
team and the contractor. Is also the Model Manager’s responsibility to plan the mechanisms of
exchange and maintenance of project data, determination of the conventions to be followed for
reviewing, and management of model versions. However, it is not his/her responsibility to make
decisions about the design, engineering solutions and organizational processes (Sebastian, 2009).
The Model Manager’s other specific functions are: helding calls/meetings with the client and
modellers to identify which models will be required and who are the 'owners' of individual models
and their responsibilities; dividing the project between groups of modellers; returning the models to
modellers with Requests For Changes (RFC); discuss RFC with modellers; verifying if there are
interferences and keeping the model updated and accurate (CICRP 2009; Foster 2008; Panushev and
Pollalis 2006; Sebastian 2009).
Other functions of the Model Manager are: configure all new projects that require BIM standards;
create a standard structure for modelling library objects, convert the objects delivered by staff based
on that standard, modelling additional non-standard components, modelling complex geometries that
require programming BIM tools and defining the structure and level of detail of the model (Panushev
and Pollalis 2006; Sebastian 2009).
The Model Manager will also facilitate the management of information in terms of storage and
data flow, maintenance of local file transfers, control of access rights, and compilation of information
from smaller models of other members; make available the model files to the general contractor
(Panushev and Pollalis, 2006), facilitate communication protocols, identification of communication
errors and improve the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) skills of the staff
(Sebastian, 2009).
Working in MEP and HVAC Design Firms, the Model Manager can be called BIM Detailing
Manager whose functions will be to manage the detailing team providing support to detailing
modellers and helping in the establishment and implementation of BIM standards. This BIM expert
should promote an integrated detailing effort interacting with pre-construction, engineering,
construction and project management departments. He should also provide detailing budgets for cost
estimates.
6. 3.8.2 BIM Manager at Design Firms or Chief BIM-Officer
Working in Design Firms, the BIM Manager will be responsible for implementing BIM, for the
coordination of project teams and for establishing the connections necessary for communication
between multiple offices (Eastman et al., 2008). Therefore, he or she should attend the meetings of the
development plan for implementing a BIM project (CICRP, 2009).
Other duties include planning training for employees to keep them updated on current and future
versions of BIM software. For this, the Chief BIM-Officer should remain constantly informed about
BIM trends and know the vision of other companies, attending conferences and participating in
industry organizations.
The Chief BIM-Officer also should develop marketing materials to inform customers of the
company's BIM capabilities, evaluation of new products and verification of technical problems and
deficiencies in hardware, software and the net. Finally, the Chief BIM-Officer should ensure the
commitment of everyone on the project by creating a procurement system so that each agent takes its
responsibilities (Knight, 2008).
3.8.3 BIM Manager at General Construction and Subcontractor Firms - BIM Construction Officer
The identification of a BIM Construction Officer is the first step to implement the BIM process on a
construction firm. Once identified, the BIM Construction Officer helps estimate the costs and time for
implementation and use of BIM software. Then he/she will develop a plan that will start by formating
a small group that, after receiving training, will perform some work with BIM. BIM Construction
Officer should learn everything about all the tools used by the company and then provide support to
the creation of a BIM department within the construction firm (Hardin, 2009).
This specialist will also be responsible for the management of resources (hardware, software and
people) that are involved in developing the model and for choosing the right people for each project
activity, recruiting qualified BIM modellers, providing training and to keep employees updated.
Another function of this specialist is to promote confidence and credibility in BIM on the project team,
internal team members, sub-contractors and customers, strive to achieve 100% customer satisfaction
with BIM projects, as well as to maintain and expand various relationships and project partnerships
(Hardin, 2009).
4 Conclusion
Focusing on the roles of BIM specialists, this article identified the positions that a BIM professional
can take internally and externally to an organization and their respective functions and responsibilities.
BIM Consultants and BIM Managers have an important role in the transition form current practice
to IPD and BIM, mainly being responsible for the implementation plan of BIM in organizations. The
old CAD Operator might be able to work as BIM Modeller to acquire new skills and knowledge, but
some tend to resist to change. A CAD Manager could become a BIM Manager if he/she acquires
some new knowledge and skills. However, is not recommended that a CAD Manager carry out the
plan of BIM implementation in the organization, because this task requires time and dedication.
We highlight the importance of investigating the complexity of the BIM Specialists´ work in order
to assist management of large companies that adopt management models by competencies as well as
the small and medium design firms in selection and recruitment of BIM Specialists. It is
recommended that future studies examine the competencies under an organizational approach, i.e.,
finding out which is the legacy of knowledge about BIM a team or AEC company must have to create
a competitive advantage for the organization.
Acknowledgements
The second author thanks FAPESP for partially funding this research under grant 09/18363-7.
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