This presentation provides an overview of petroleum. It defines petroleum as a naturally occurring hydrocarbon and notes its solid, liquid, and gas forms. The document discusses how petroleum is classified and where it comes from, explaining that it is found beneath the earth's surface. It also provides details on the petroleum refining process, describing how crude oil is extracted and distilled in a tower to separate its different components by boiling point.

1. Welcome To My Presentation
Subject : Textile Raw material
Presentation Topic : Petroleum
Presentation Date : 02 -12-2014
Group : B
ID :143-23-4048

2. What is petroleum?
• Petroleum: A general term for all
naturally occurring hydrocarbons
(hydrogen + carbon)
• Solid Hydrocarbons: Asphalt
• Liquid Hydrocarbons: Crude oil
• Gas Hydrocarbons: Natural Gas:
methane, butane, propane, etc.

3. Classification Of Petroleum
• Paraffin Base
• Asphalt Or Naphthene Base
• Intermediate Base

4. Where Does Petroleum Come From
• Petroleum comes from the ground and we
transport it to refineries

5. Petroleum is a naturally occurring ,flammable
liquid, that are found in geologic formations beneath
the earth's surface.
How is petroleum formed?

6. Petroleum Refining
GAS
LIGHT NAPHTHA
HEAVY NAPHTHA
KEROSENE
ATM. GAS OIL
RESIDUUM
CRUDE DESALTER FURNACE
C1-C4
bp < 50 o
F
C5 - C?
bp 50-200o
F
C? - C12
bp 200-400o
F
C12 - C16
bp 400-500o
F
C15 - C18
bp 500-650o
C
> C20
bp >650o
F
T
O
W
E
R
Distillation – separation by boiling point

7. Distillation of Petroleum
Oil is extracted from the ground as crude
oil.
It is then refined in a distillation tower that
is divided into a series of collecting trays
at different temperature conditions.
The crude oil is boiled to produce vapour.
The vapour is allowed to diffuse up the
tower to cool and condense at different
temperatures (lightest compounds will
have lowest boiling temps).
The different components of crude oil can
therefore be separated.

8. Thank You