ၾသစျၽတီးယာႏိုင္ငံဖြား စီမံခန္႕ခြဲမႈ ဆရာၾကီး ပီတာဒရပ္ကာ Peter Drucker ၏ အသက္၉၀ အရြယ္တြင္ လူငယ္မ်ားအတြက္ ေရးသား၊ ေျပာၾကားေသာ Re-invening the individual

1. 1
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2. 2
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3. 3
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4. 4
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5. 5
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'DtawGUtBuHKtwGufawmh uRefawmf&JU t,f'DwmcsKyfudk aus;Zl;wif&ygvdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfwdkY t,f'Dwm
csKyf[m tJ'DacwfOa&my&JU tatmifjrifqHk; owif;pmq&mwpfa,mufyg/ t,f'DwmtzGJYudk vli,fawGeJYzGJYpnf;xm;
ygw,f/ uRefawmftouf ESpfq,hfESpf-ESpfrSm uRefawmfvnf; t,f'DwmtzGJYxJ a&mufoGm;ygw,f/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;
tydkif;rSm wm0ef,l&wmyg/ 'Dvdki,fi,f&G,f&G,feJY t,f'Dwmjzpfvmwm[m uRefawmfawmfvGef;vSvdkY awmhjzifh
r[kwfygbl;/ ajym&&if uRefawmf[m b,fwkef;urS yxrwef;pm; owif;pmq&m rjzpfcJhygbl;/ tJh'Dacwf(1930)
w0dkufavmufu t,f'Dwmqdkwm tenf;qHk; toufoHk;q,hfig;? av;q,favmufrS jzpfwwfMuwmyg/ 'gayr,fh
yxrurÇmppfBuD; twGif;rSmyJ tawGYtBuHK&SdwJh t,f'Dwmawmfawmfrsm;rsm; toufay;cJh Mu&w,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf;
'DuGufvyfBuD;udk uRefawmfwdkYvdk vli,fawGeJY jznfhcJh&wmyg/
tJ'Dwkef;u t,f'DwmcsKyftoufu ig;q,favmuf &Sdygvdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfwdkYawGudk avhusifhoifMum;ay;
zdkY? pnf;urf;enf;vrf; wusjzpfzdkY t,f'DwmcsKyf[m trsm;BuD; yifyef;qif;&JcHcJhygw,f/ wpfywfrSm wpfBudrf
uRefawmfwdkY vli,fawGudk pkNyD; NyD;cJhwJhvkyfief;awGudk ed*Hk;csKyfjywwfw,f/ NyD;awmh wpfESpfrSm ESpfBudrftaxGaxG
ed*Hk;csKyfaqG;aEG;yGJawGudk OD;aqmifusif;yay;w,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh ESpfopful;yGJawmftNyD;eJY aEG&moD tm;vyf
&ufrwdkifrDrSmyg/ 'DaqG;aEG;yGJawG[m pae? we*FaEGESpf&ufvHk; Mumwwfw,f/
'Dae&mrSm t,f'DwmcsKyf&JU tvkyfvkyfyHk[m ynm,lzdkYaumif;ygw,f/
- yxrqHk; uRefawmfwdkY&JY atmifjrifrI awGudk csD;usL;pum;ajymNyD; pzGifhw,f/
- aemufuRefawmfwdkY&JU BudK;yrf;rIawGudk qufajymw,f/ atmifjrifwm ratmifjrifwmxuf BudK;yrf;rIudk
todtrSwf jyKwJhoabmyg/
- NyD;awmhrS uRefawmfwdkYvdktyfoavmuf tm;xkwfrIr&SdwmawGudk pDppfa0zefjyw,f/
- tJ aemufqHk;MurS uRefawmfwdkY a&SmforQ/ nHhorQawGudk y,fy,fe,fe,f ajymawmhwmyJ/
- olYa0zefcsufawGu aoG;xGufatmif rSefaeawmhvnf; uRefawmfwdkYrSm pdwfrqdk;omawmhbl;/ &Suf&SufeJYyJ
aemifrrSm;atmif BudK;pm;&awmhw,f/
aqG;aEG;yGJ&JY aemufqHk;ESpfem&Duawmh vmr,fh ajcmufvtwGuf jyifqifrItydkif;yg/ uRefawmfwdkYbmudk
tm&HkpdkufoifhvJ? bmawGudk wdk;wufatmif vkyfoifhvJ? bmawGudk avhvmoif,lzdkYvdkrvJ/ uRefawmfwdkY&JUa&SUvrf;pOf
udk pmwrf;jyKpkNyD; t,f'DwmcsKyfqD wifjy&ygw,f/
uRefawmftwGufawmh 'DtawGYtBuHKawG[m wu,fhudk wefzdk; rjzwfEdkifwJh &wemawGygyJ/
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
aemuf q,fESpfeD;yg;tMum tar&duefudk a&mufawmh t,f'DwmcsKyfu ay;vkdufwJh tawGYtBuHK[m odyfudk
wefzdk;&Sdvmygawmhw,f/ (1940)tvGefESpfawGa&mufawmh uRefawmf r[mXmeBuD;wpfckrSm ygarmu©jzpfvmygw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ uRefawmf&JU twdkifyifcHtvkyfudk pcJhygw,f/ pmtkyfawGvnf; xkwfpjyKNyDaygh/ 'DrSmwif ]z&efYzGwf]u
t,f'DwmcsKyf&JY vrf;ñTefrIawG[m uRefawmfhtwGuf a&SYaqmifvrf;jyvnf; jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
wpfESpfwpfESpfrSm &ufowÅywf ESpfygwfavmufudk oD;oefY tcsdef,lygw,f/ uRefawmfwpfESpfwmvkyfcJhwJh
tvkyftm;vHk;udk jyefoHk;oyfw,f/ xHk;pHtwdkif; atmifjrifrIawGu pygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ydkaumif;atmif vkyfoifhwm
awG? vkyfEdkifwmawGudk t"duxm;NyD; jyefMunfhw,f/ aemuf csdKY,Gif;csufawG trSm;awGudk jyef&Smw,f/ vkyfoifhvkyf
xkdufyg&ufeJY rvkyfjzpfwmawGudkvnf; awGYvmw,f/ twdkifyifcH tvkyfrSma&m pma&;wJh tvkyfeJY oifMum;a&;
tvkyfrSmyg a&SUwif&r,fh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;awGudkvnf; a&G;cs,fqHk;jzwfygw,f/

6. 6
0efcH&&if pDrHudef;vsmxm;csuf jynfhrDatmifawmh uRefawmfb,fwkef;urS rvkyfEdkifcJhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh
]]vlqdkwm NyD;jynfhpHkrIwpfcktwGuf pOfqufrjywf BudK;yrf;ae&r,f}} qdkwJh ]Am;'pf}&JY pum;u uRefawmfudk wGef;tm;
ay;ygw,f/ 'DvdkeJY rvkyfjzpfcJhwJhudpöawGtwGuf aemifw& 0rf;enf;raeawmhbJ aumif;oxufaumif;atmifom
BudK;pm;cJhygw,f/ ckcsdefxd qdkygawmh/
yÍörtawGUtBuHK
(1933)ckESpfrSm uRefawmf ]z&efYzGwf}uae ]vef'ef}udk ajymif;vmchJygw,f/ yxrawmh tmrcHukrÜPDBuD;
wpfckrSm tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ tmrcHudpöawGudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&wJh tvkyfyg/ wpfESpfavmufMumawmh uRefawmfbPf
wdkkufwpfckudk ajymif;vdkufw,f/ 'DbPfav;[m i,fayr,fh tvm;tvm odyfaumif;ygw,f/ bPf&JU tvkyftrI
aqmiftzGJYrSm tpk&S,f,m0ifoHk;a,mufygw,f/ tJ'DxJu wpfa,muf[m bPfudk pwifxlaxmifcJholyg/ touf
ckESpfq,favmuf? usefwJhESpfa,mufuawmh oHk;q,fausmfausmfavmufjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfudkawmh abm*aA'
ynm&Sif wpfa,muftaeeJY tJ'DbPfu ac:vdkufwm/ uRefawmfhwm0efutvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY&JU twGif;a&;rSL;
ayghav/
yxrawmh vli,fESpfa,mufeJYyJ awGYNyD; tvkyfvkyf&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh oHk;vausmfausmfavmufMumawmh
ydkif&Siftbdk;BuD;u uRefawmhfudk olY&Hk;cef; ac:vdkufw,f/ tJ'DrSmwif uRefawmfhudk y,fy,f e,fe,f wG,fawmh
wmygyJ/
]]armif&if ... udk,fwdkY bPfa&mufawmh rif;udk odyfrodygbl;/ ckxdvnf; armif&ifhtaMumif; rsm;rsm;
pm;pm;awmh rodao;ygbl;av/ 'gayr,fh udk,fxifxm;wmxufawmif armif&ifu wHk;aewm awGY&w,f/ ajym&&if
awmh armif&if[m &Gyf&GyfcRHcRHudk wHk;wJhaumifyJuG}}
vli,fESpfa,mufeJY wGJaepOfu edpö"l0 rdk;avmufBuD; csD;usL;cHae&wJh uRefawmfhrSm bmwpfcGef;rS jyefrajym
Ekdifavmufatmif tidkufrdoGm;ygw,f/
wm0efopfESifh tajymif;tvJ
tJh'geJYwif rNyD;ao;bl;cifAs/ tbdk;BuD;u qufajymao;w,f/]]at; rif;tmrcH ukrÜPDrSmvkyfwkef;uawmh
rqdk;vSygbl;/ 'gayr,fh wdkYvdkcsifwm tmrcHudpö cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmol r[kwfbl;uG/ wdkYtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJYtwGuf
twGif;a&;rSL;aumif;wpfa,mufudk vdkcsifwm/ 'gayr,fh armif&ifu vdkcsifovdkjzpfrvmbl;/ tmrcHukrÜPDrSm vkyf
cJhwJhtvkyfyJ qufvkyfaew,f/ armif&if&JU tvkyfopfrSm xdxda&mufa&muf pGrf;aqmifEdkifzdkY armif&if bmvkyfoifh
ovJ/ 'gudkarmif&if aocsmpOf;pm;yg/ [kwfvm;/}}
uRefawmf uRJNrD;wdkoGm;wm trSefygyJ/ wpfcsdefxJrSmyJ tbdk;BuD;&JUpum;[m aoG;xGufatmif rSefaeygvm;qdk
wmudkvnf; odaew,f/ 'Dudpö[m rmeeJY &if;vdkuf&wJh tzdk;wef oifcef;pmwpfckyg/ tJ'Daemufawmh wm0efopf
wpfckudk xrf;aqmif&awmhr,fqdkwdkif; uRefawmf udk,fhudk,fudk ar;cGef;xkwfwwfvmcJhygw,f/ ]]igh&JU wm0efopfudk
xdxda&mufa&muf pGrf;aqmifEdkifzdkY igtck bmawGvkyfzdkYvdkrvJ}}/ tJ'Dvdk pOf;pm;vdkufwJhtcgwdkif;vnf; xl;jcm;rIawG
udk uRefawmf qkyfudkif vdkufrdw,fvdkY cHpm;&ygw,f/
tckqdk&if ]]twdkifyifcH}} wpfa,muftaeeJY vkyfcJhwm ESpfaygif;(50)&SdygNyD/ wdkif;jynfaygif;pHku tzGJYtpnf;
aygif;pHkeJY uRefawmfwGJvkyfcJh zl;ygw,f/ uRefawmfBuHKzl;orQ tzGJYtpnf;awGrSm t"duawGYae&wJh qHk;½SHK;rIBuD;wpfck
uawmh tqifh^&mxl;ae&m wdk;ay;vdkufwJh tcgwdkif; BuHKawGY&avh&SdwJh ratmifjrifrIawGygbJ/

7. 7
t&nftcsif;&SdwJh olawGudk &mxl;wdk;ay;NyD; wm0efopfawG tyfESif;wwfMuygw,f/ 'g[m obm0us
ygw,f/ jzpfvnf;jzpfoifhygw,f/ cufaewmu vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m ae&mopf^&mxl;opfeJY tH0if*Gifus rjzpf
wmyg/ vHk;0udk ratmifjrifwmuawmh tenf;pkayghav/ trsm;pkuawmh atmifjrifw,fvdkYvnf; ajymvdkYr&/
ratmifjrifbl;vdkYvJ rqdkom/ ajym&&ifawmh &GufMurf;a&usdKomrefavmufygyJ/wu,fhudk atmifjrifwJholqdkwm
vufwpfqkyfpmavmufyJ &Sdygw,f/
tvSnfhtajymif;
q,fESpf 'grSr[kwf q,fhig;ESpfavmuf tvkyfwpfckrSm atmifjrifrIo&zlaqmif;cJholawG[m bmhaMumifhrsm;
&kwfcsnf;t&nftcsif; rjynfhrDolawG jzpfoGm;&wmvJ/ uRefawmfh tawGYtBuHKt& vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif;(60) avmufu
vef'efbPfrSm uRefawmf usL;vGefcJhwJh trSm;rsdK;aMumifhvdkY ,lqygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY[m udk,fatmifjrifcJhwJh?
udk,fhudk &mxl;wufapcJhwJh vkyfenf;vkyf[efawGudk tpGJtvef; BuD;wwfMuygw,f/ wm0efopf^tvkyfopfudk
ajymif;cJh&ayr,fh 'DtpGJu ruRwfcsifbl;/ 'grsdK;qufvkyfrS atmifjrifvdrfhr,fvdkYvnf;pdwfu xifrSwfrSm; aewwf
w,f/ wu,fawmh 'DvlawG BuHK&wJh jyoemu t&nftcsif;usoGm;wm r[kwfbl;/ temwjcm;? aq;wjcm;
jzpfaewmrsdK;yg/ tajymif;tvJeJY qDavsmfatmif rvSnfhajymif;EdkifwJh tcsufvdkY jrifygw,f/
wu,fhvdktyfcsuftppf[m rdk;ysHaeatmif awmfaewwfaezdkY r[kwfygbl;/ ajymif;vJvmwJh tajctaeopf
udk wpl;pdkufpdkufavhvmzdkYu ydkvdktyfygw,f/ pdefac:rI topfawGudk wkefYjyefEdkifzdkYu ydkta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'gqdk&if
tvkyfopfwm0efopfrSm atmifjrifrIudk qufvufxdef;odrf;oGm;Ekdif ygvdrfhr,f/
qXrtawGYtBuHK
(1939)rSm uRefawmf t*Fvefuae tar&duefudk ajymif;cJhygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf ESpftenf;i,ftMum (1945)
ckESpfavmufrSm uRefawmfh&JU bmom&yfwpfck oHk;ESpfpDrHudef;t& uRefawmf bmom&yftopfwpfckudk aumufudkif
vdkufygw,f/ 'guawmh acwfopf Oa&myordkif;yg/ txl;ojzifh (15) eJY (16)&mpkordkif;awG jzpfygw,f/
tJ'DrSm bmoma&;tzGJYtpnf;BuD; ESpfck[m Oya'udk t"du vTrf;rdk;xm;wJh tiftm;pkawG jzpfaew,fqdkwm
uRefawmf awGYvdkuf&w,f/ tJ'DtzJGYtpnf;BuD; ESpfckuawmh uufovpfawmifydkif;&JU ]]a,&I0g'Dausmif;awmf}} (The
Jesuit Order) eJY y&kdwufpwifh ajrmufydkif;&JY ]]u,f(v)Aif 0g'Dausmif;awmf}} (Calvinist Church)wdkY jzpfyg
w,f/
'Dausmif;awmfBuD; ESpfckpvHk;[m woD;wjcm;pD vGwfvGwfvyfvyfBuD; xlaxmifvmcJhMuwmyg/ (1936)ckESpf
wpf0dkufavmufrSmaygh/ 'gayr,fh wnfaxmifpOfuudkyJ ausmif;awmfBuD; ESpfckpvHk;[m wpfckwnf;aom avhvm
oif,la&; pnf;urf;udk twlwl usifhoHk;cJhMuygw,f/ 'Dausmif;awmfBuD; ESpfckvHk; atmifjrifcJhwm[m olwdkY twlwl
usifhoHk;cJhMuwJh wpfckwnf;aom enf;emaMumifh jzpfr,fvdkY uRefawmfawmh qdkcsifygw,f/
csa&;wJh tusifh
a,&I0g'D bkef;awmfBuD; wpfyg;yJjzpfjzpf? u,f(vf)Aif0g'D cifBuD; wpfyg;jzpfjzpf ta&;BuD;wmu wpfckck
vkyfawmhr,f? qHk;jzwfcsuf wpfckck csawmhr,fqdk&if olwdkYarQmfvifhwGufqxm;wJh tusdK;qufawGudk csa&;avh&SdMu
w,f/ aemuf (9)vMumawmhrS wu,fvufawGY&vkdufwJh tusdK;qufawGeJY olwdkY&JU BudKwifrSef;qcsufawGudk wdkuf
qdkifppfaq; Muygw,f/ 'DvdkeJY ]]olwdkYbmawG avhvmoif,lzdkY vdkaeao;w,f? b,fvdktusifhrsdK;udkjzifh jyifrSawmf
r,f}} qdkwmudkvnf; oabmaygufvmygw,f/ aemufqHk; ]]b,fae&mrSmjzifh bmrS rvkyfEdkifcJhbl;/ b,ftvkyf[m
jzifh ight&mr[kwfaybl;}} qdkwmrsdK;xd udk,fhudk,fudk a0zef oHk;oyfvmEdkfifcJhw,f/

8. 8
'Denf;udk uRefawmfNidoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; vufawGU usifhoHk;cJhwmckqdk&if ESpfaygif; (50)avmuf
awmif&SdaeNyD/ ]]udk,fawmf wmu bm? udk,fa&Smfwmu bm}} qdkwmudk odzdkY udpö[m vlwpfa,muftwGuf
odyfta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'grSom]]bmawGudk wdk;wufatmif BudK;pm;&r,f? b,fvdkenf;eJY BudK;pm;&r,f}}qdkwmudk rSef;q
vdkY&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gwifru ]]b,fvdkudpörsdK;[mjzifh udk,fhyHkpHeJY rudkufvSbl;/ udk,fht&mr[kwfbl;}} qdkwmudkvnf;
em;vnfvmrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkudpörsdK;qdk&ifawmh BudK;pm;aevnf; tcsdefukef½HkyJ&SdrSmyJ/
'Dtusifhav;[m wpfoufwm? pOfqufrjywfavhvm oif,laecsifoltwGuf aomhcsufjzpfr,fxifygw,f/
owÅr tawGYtBuHK
(1949) ckESpf&JU c&pörwfumvrSmaygh/ udk,fa&;udk,fwmeJY qufpyfaeayr,fh b0rSm rarhEdkifp&m tawGYt
BuHKwpfckudk xyf&vdkufygw,f/ 'DtawGYtBuHKudk zefwD;ay;vkdufoluawmh emrnfausmf abm*aA' ynm&SifBuD;
]]*sdK;Zuf&Tef;yDwm}} udk,fwdkif jzpfygw,f/ tJh'Dwkef;u uRefawmf[m e,l;a,muf wuúodkvfrSm pDrHcefYcGJrIynm ydkYcs
umpaygh/ umvDzdk;eD;,m;rSmaewJh uRefawmfhzcifBuD; uRefawmfhqD tvnfa&mufvmygw,f/ tazhtoufu (73)
ESpf&SdygNyD/ yifpif,lNyD;umpaygh/ ESpfopful;yGJawmfNyD;ump/ (twdtus ajym&if) (1950) ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf
aeYrSm taz&,f? uRefawmf&,f tazhrdwfaqG wpfa,mufqD tvnfoGm;cJhMuygw,f/ tazhrdwfaqGqdkwm ...
wjcm;vl[kwfyg&dk;vm;/ abm*aA't&mrSm q&mBuD;wpfqljzpfwJh ]]*sdK;Zuf&Tef;yDwm}}aygh/ tazu yifpifpm;BuD;jzpf
aeayr,fholYoli,fcsif;uawmh tvkyfawGvkyfaumif;qJyg/ tJ'Dwkef;u ]]&Tef;yDwm}} &JU toufuajcmufq,fhajcmuf/
[m;AwfwuúodkvfrSm ]]vufcsm}}awG ay;aumif;wkef;/ ]]tar&duef abm*aA'tpnf;t&Hk;}} &JU Ouú| wm0efudkvnf;
wufwuf<u<u xrf;aqmifwkef;/ urÇmeJYcsDNyD; &SdaewJh ausmfMum;rI udkvnf; &,lydkifqdkifxm;wkef;yg/
(1902)ckESpfavmufu taz[m MopBwD;,m;b@ma&; 0efBuD;XmerSm 0efxrf;i,fwpfa,muftaeeJY
wm0ef xrf;aqmifqJaygh/ wuúodkvfrSmvnf; abm*aA'ynmudk ydkYcscJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm tazeJY ]]&Tef;yDwm}}
wdkY oduRrf;cifrifcJhMuw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'Dwkef;u ]]&Tef;yDwm}}toufu q,fhudk;ESpf/ xufjrufwJh ausmif;om;
vli,f wpfa,mufaygh/ olwdkYESpfa,mufu a&mif;&if;awGom jzpfcJhMuwm? wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,mufujzifh
]]rwljcm;em;w,f}} vdkYajym& rvm;bJ/ &Tef;yDwmu awmufawmufyy? armufarmuf<um;<um;? pum;ajym&if
vnf; tay:pD;u/ rmeuvnf; BuD;ovm;rar;eJY/ tazu pum;vnf;enf;w,f/ cyfat;at; cyf½dkU½dkU
aewwfw,f/tm;emwwfvdkufwmvnf; tvGef/ 'geJUawmif olwdkY ESpfa,muf[m jrefjrefBuD; cifoGm;NyD; pGJNrJwJh
rdwfawGppfawG jzpfoGm;cJhMuygw,f/
(1949)ckESpfawGa&mufawmh ]]&Tef;yDwm}}rSm i,fusifhawGrawGY&awmhygbl;/ trsm;BuD; ajymif;vJoGm;ygNyD/
toufuvnf; ajcmufq,fhajcmufESpf&SdaeNyD/ olY&JU ]][m;Awf}} ygarmu© b0[mvnf; aemufqHk;tcsdef eD;aeNyD/
ol[m ausmfMum;rI&JU awmifxdyfay:a&mufaeygNyD/ tbdk;BuD;ESpfa,muf[m a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawG ajymMu&if;
ywf0ef;usifudk arhaeovm; xif&ygw,f/ olwdkYESpfa,mufvHk;[m MopBwD;,m;rSm vljzpfBuD;jyif;cJhMuwm/ tJ'DrSmyJ
tvkyfvkyfcJhMuwm/ tar&duefudk a&TUvmawmhvnf; a&SUqifhaemufqifhvdkY ajymEkdifw,f/ ]]&Tef;yDwm}}u (1932)rSm
ajymif;cJhwmyg/ tazu av;ESpfavmuf aemufusr,f/
tJvdkeJY twdwfudk vGrf;aumif;aeMuwkef;/ tazuaumufumiifumeJY ckvdkar;vdkufw,f/
]]a[hvl *sdK;Zuf? armif&ifhudk woojzpfaeapcsifwJh taMumif;rsdK;awG armif&ifckxd ajymwkef;yJvm;/}}

9. 9
tazhrsufESmu &,fusJusJeJYyg/ ]]&Tef;yDwm}} uawmh tm;&yg;& atmf&,fcsvdkufygw,f/ uRefawmfawmif
a&ma&mifNyD; vdkuf&,fvdkufrdao;w,f/ &Tef;yDwmi,fi,fu toufoHk;q,f0ef;usifuaygh/ olY&JU abm*aA'pmtkyf
BuD; ESpftkyf xkwfa0NyD;ump atmifjrifrIavSum;xpfawG tay:wufump tjzpfav;awGyg/ tJ'Dwkef;u ol[m pdwf
ul;awG tawmf,OfcJhw,fqdkyJ/ vlawGu olYudk woojzpfaeapcsifwm/ 'gudkvnf; rMumrMum xkwfajymw,f/
]]Oa&my rdefrvSrsm;&JU tcspfawmf}}? ]]Oa&my&JU tawmfqHk; jrif;pD;0dZÆm}}? ]]urÇmYtBuD;tus,fqHk; abm*aA'ynm&Sif
BuD;}}/
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10. 10
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16^9^2006 rS 19^9^2006 txd NMM/ NW

11. 11
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19^9^2006 aeY NMM/ NW