2. `white fly
(Bemisia tabaci)
Is a serious pest of tomato.
The nymphs and adults are
harmful by transmitting
viruses and mycoplasma.
It sucks the sap lower
portion of leaves and stem,
as a result , the affected
leaves turn yellowish and
curl down.
This pest is most serious
during dry season
3. Control
Follow clean cultivation
Adopt proper cultural
operation
Limit the irrigation
frequency to reduced the
population of white fly.
When the nursery is raised
in open condition, cover
the nursery with agro-net.
Spray the crop with of the
insecticides, viz.
Dimethoate,
Phosphamidon,
Monocrotophos @ 1.5 ml/
liter.
4. Fruit borer
(Helicoverpa armigera)
Polyphagous in nature.
The caterpillars damage the
leaves, flower buds, flowers
and fruits.
Fruit are damaged by its
caterpillars at all the stages
(Singh and Singh, 1975).
Young caterpillars are more
over the leaves and feed ,
migrate to flower buds and
fruits and made tunnels on
them.
The caterpillars bores into
the fruits and feed on the
internal tissues.
5. Control
Follow the clean cultivation.
Follow long crop rotation.
Collect the infected fruits and pick-up
caterpillars by hand and destroy them.
Spray the crop regularly with contact
insecticides to reduced the insect
population.
Grow yellow marigold as a trap crop along
border and in the between every 15 rows
of tomato.
Release the egg parasitoides,
Trichogramma chilonis and T. chilotraeae
@ 2,50,000 adults/ha.
Spray the crop with monocrotophos @
0.15% , carbaryl @ 0.4% , Endosulphon @
0.2% Quinolphos @ 0.2%, Fenvalerate @
0.05%, Cypermethrin @ 0.05 %.
6. Leaf minor
(Liriomyza trifolii)
It is a polyphagous pest
The yellow color larvae
make tunnel in leaves
between the upper and
lower leaves.
The damage results in
long white winding
tunnels on the leaves.
7. Control
Polythene mulching
combined with irrigation
is the most practical
method (Keularts and
Lindquist, 1989).
NSKE@ 4 % could
reduced the leaf
infestation (Scholz-
Dobelin, 1997)
Spray of Cryomazin
followed by Endosulfan
@ 0.05% and
Diomethoate are
effective.
9. Control
Collect and destroy the
egg masses, grubs, and
adults as and when
appear in the field .
Spray the crop with @
0.05 % Endosulfan @
1.5 ml/liter, Carbaryl @
4g/liter
10. Tobacco caterpillar
(Spodoptera littoralis)
This is polyphagous pest
The young caterpillars
feed on tender leaves,
shoots and fruits at night.
Under severe infestation,
the entire leaves fall
down.
11. Control
Collect and
destroy the leaves
attacked by
caterpillar with
egg masses.
Spray the crop
with0.01%
Quinalphos or
Malathion, 0.05 %
and Endosulfan @
1.5 ml /liter.
12. Root Knot Nematode
(Meloidygyne incoginata and M. javanica)
The infection may start at
seedling stage.
Stunting, reduction in leaf size
and yellowing due to
information of galls in roots are
the general symptoms of its
attack .
The typical and diagnostic
symptoms are the production
of galls in the roots.
The rate of photosynthesis is
considerably reduced.
The nematode population
increases due to monoculture.
13. Control
Follow marigold or garlic based drop rotation.
Planting of marigold as intercrop.
Flood the field for longer time.
Plough the field in hot summer month.
Grow resistant varieties like Hissar Lalit, Pusa -
120, PAU-1, PAU-2.
Add NSKE @ 500g/m2.
Fumigate the infested bed with methyl iodide
@ 0.49 kg/10 m2
Overnight soake the seeds in 0.1 % carbafuran
monocrotophos.
Apply granual nimaticides l;ike , aldicarb @ 4
g/m2, furadon @ 7 g/m2 or Thimet @ 4 g/liter.
Dip the seedling roots in Rogor @ 2 ml /liter
for 6 hr before transplantig
14. Brinjal
Shoot and fruit borer
(Leucinodes orbonalis)
The caterpillars bore into
young shoots, petiole, leaf
midrib and fruits and feed on
internal tissues.
The leaves dry up and drop off
and growing point is killed.
Later the caterpillar s bore into
flower buds and fruits by
entering through the calyx and
the infested fruts become
unmarketable.
15. Control
Remove and destroy all
affected shoots and fruits
along with the
caterpillars.
Avoid ratoonig crop
Grow tolerent variety,
like Punjab Barsati
Spraying with
fenvalerate @ o.o5% .
Cypermethrin @ o.o4%-
0.05%
During early stage ,
spray Quinolphos ,
Carbaryl @ 0.2%.
16. Hadda beetle/Epilachna beetles
(Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata)
Both the adults and grubs feed on
the cholorophyll of the upper
surface of leaves, in between the
veins resulting in characteristics
skeletonized patches on leaves.
Later the become brown, dry up
and fall off.
17. Control
During early stage of crop
growth, spray with
Malathion @ 0.2 % or
Endosulphon @ 0.2 %.
At flowering and fruiting
stage spray with the same
pesticides as against the
shoots and fruit borer.
Spray Carbaryl @ 0.1% or
Quinolphos @ 0.05%, if
sever damage.
19. Control
Spray the Malathion @
0.025% at 10 days interval
as soon as insect
attackappears on the plants.
The insecticides
recommonded against the
shoot anf fruit borer during
fruiting stage may be
sprayed.
Spraying with
Phosphamidon, Rogor,
Monocrotophos, @ 0.5%
or neem formulations @ 2-
3 ml/lit.
Soil application of Phorate/
Thimet @ 4-6kg / ha.
20. Leaf roller
(Eublemma olivacea)
The caterpillars feeg
on leaves and cause
withering and drying
up of leaves.
The larvae roll up the
leaves and feed on
chlorophyll inside the
folds .
Later the folder
leaves wither.
21. Control
Remove and destroy the all
infested rolled up leaves.
The insecticides
recommonded against the
shoot and fruit borer during
fruiting stage may be
sprayed.
22. Red Spider Mite
(Tetranychus neocaledonicus)
The mite suck the sap
from the lower surface of
leaves resulting in
chlorotic specks.
The mites remain in
colonies under thick silky
webbings.
Leaves become chlorotic
and yields bare produced.
23. Control
Spraying with emulsified
neem oil, like Econeem,
Achook or Neemazal @
0.5% , directed to the
lower surface of the
leaves .
Spraying with
Dicofol/Kelthane @
0.25%
24. Jassid
(Amrasca biguttula biguttula)
The insect sucks the sap from
lower portion of leaves.
The infested leaves curl
upward along the margins.
The leaves turn yellow and
show burnt up patches .
The insects serves as a vector
for mycoplasmal disease, little
leaf.
26. References
Vishnu Sawarup, 2006. Vegetable Science and Technology in
India. Kalyani Publishers , New Delhi.
Selwakumar , R. 2014. A Textbook of Glaustas Olericulture.
New Vishal Publishers, New Delhi.
Rana , M. K. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Hari Har Ram . 1997. Vegetable Breeding Principles and
Practices. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Instant Horticulture
Glaustas Horticulture
