The document details various pests affecting green manure crops such as sunhemp and sesbania, primarily focusing on identifiable pests, their distribution, symptoms, life stages, and damage caused. Key pests include hairy caterpillars, flea beetles, stem borers, and loopers, with descriptions of their physical characteristics, feeding habits, and reproduction. The document serves as an informative guide for recognizing and managing pest infestations in green manures.

1. Pests of Green Manures
BY
PRASAD P
2021004079

2. Pests Of Sunhemp

3. Hairy caterpillar, Utetheisa pulchella;
Erebidae; Lepidoptera
Distribution:
India, Srilanka, Africa, Europe,
Phillippines, Malaysia, Australia
Symptoms:
Defoliation of plants
Nature of damage:
Fees on leaves and contents of the
developing pods

4. Eggs
• Laid on the margin of leaves, EP: 3-5 D
Larva
• Hairy caterpillar, brown head
• Yellow lines on dorsal & dorsa-lateral sides with black stripes and orange patches
• Long, body spotted with dark, white, hairs arising on warts & scattered LP:20-25D
Pupa
Pupates in leaf fold or soil. PP: 7-10 D
Adult
• Red and black spots on white forewings
• White hind wings with marginal dark blotches

5. Hairy caterpillar, Argina cribraria , A. syringa
Erebidae; Lepidoptera
Distribution: Important pest in south India and all over India
Symptom: Defoliation
Eggs: Laid in groups on leaves- EP: 2-3 D
Larva: Feeds on leaves: LP: 18-21 D
Hairy caterpillar, black transverse marking
Pupa: Pupates in plants or surface of soil
Adult: A. cribraria - Orange coloured wings with black spots and patches
A. syringa - Crimson coloured moth with black spots on reddish brown wings

6. Flea beetle, Longitarsus belgaumensis
Chrysomelidae (Alticidae); Coleoptera
Distribution: All over India
Symptom: Adult – minute holes on leaves
Grub – feeds on roots by mining
Eggs: Laid on soil EP: 6-7 D
Grubs: Yellowish in colour GP: 12-14 D
Pupa: Pupation in earthen cocoon PP: 10-12 D
Adults: Yellowish brown- small beetle with enlarged hind femur

7. Sunhemp Mirid, Ragmus importunitas
Miridae; Hemiptera
 Minute chlorotic spots, yellowing of leaves
 Nymphs and adults suck the sap from tender leaves
 Severe attack cause death of plants
 Adult is greenish bug

8. Stem borer, Enarmonia tricentra
Eucosmidae; Lepidoptera
 Larva bores stem, cause swelling
 Larva is pale white, dark brown head, prothoracic shield turn pinkish red
 Adult is small grayish brown moth

9. Pests Of Sesbania

10. Sesbania stem borer, Azygophleps scalaris;
Cossidae; Lepidoptera
Host range: Sesbania and Daincha
Symptoms: Larva bores- feeding inside- plants die
Fecal matter accumulating on entry hole
Eggs: Laid in groups-leaves. EP: 6 D.
Larva: Stout build body, robust in size, 7 cm long
Light brown with reddish brown head
Pupa: Pupation inside stems PP: 14-15 D
Adults : Sluggish yellow brown leopard moth
Adult lays up to 2000 eggs

11. Stem weevil, Alcidodes bubo
Curculionidae, Coleoptera
Symptoms: Drying of terminal branches or whole plant
Lodging of plants during monsoon
Numerous bore holes and swelling
Apodous grub inside the stem
Eggs: Laid in stem
Grub: Apodous whitish grub
Pupa: Pupation inside stems PP: 14-15 D
Adults: Reddish brown, white transverse mark in elytra

12. Pests Of Daincha

13. Green semilooper, Pericyma glaucinans
Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms: Defoliation of plants, leaflet damage
Larva: Pale green, broad yellow lateral stripes
Adults: Dark brown with black lines
Nature: Caterpillar feeds on the leaflets remaining along the ribs of the leaves

14. Green looper, Semiothisa pervolgata
Geometridae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms: Defoliation of plants, leaflet damage
Egg: Oval greenish egg laid singly on leaves
Larva: Pale green, white lines. When fully grown, Pink with dorsal horizontal violet
patches on abdomen
Pupa: Pupates in the soil
Adults: White, three dark lines and spots on wings

15. Brown looper, Hyposidra successaria
Geometridae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms: Defoliation of plants, leaflet
damage
Egg: Deposited in clusters
Larva: Reddish brown with spots
Pupa: Pupates in the soil
Adults: Reddish in colour with faint lines

16. Sulphur butterfly, Eurema hecabe
Pieridae; Lepidoptera
 Defoliation by larva
 Larva green with white lateral lines
 Adult is yellow butterfly with black marks

17. Mottled emigrant, Catopsilia pyranthe,
C.crocale, C.pomona
Pieridae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms: Defoliation of the leaflets
Larva: Greenish caterpillar with lateral
yellow stripes and black dots
Adults: Male forewing chalky white or
greenish with apical and terminal black
border
Female-black markings broader

18. Leaf webber, Grammodes stolida
Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
Distribution: All over India
Host range: Daincha and sesbania
Symptom: Webbing of leaves and defoliation
Eggs: Laid singly on shoots- EP: 2-4 D
Larva: Feeds on leaves: LP: 15-22 D
Pupa: Pupates in soil or webbed leaves. PP: 10-12 D
Adult: Forewing with large black patch

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