List of insects with mark of identification, nature of the damage and management

1. [Type here]
Prepared by- PINAKI DAS & PARITOSH DASH
ENTOMOLOGY MINDMAP
ENT-315

2. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(Rice) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
YSB (
Scirpophaga
incertulas)
Pyralidae
Female moth has bright
yellowish brown forewing
with single black spot and
the anal end having a tuft of
yellowish hair; male smaller,
larva white_ brown head &
prothoracic shield, eggs
covered with buff
coloured hairs
Larva more downward- wander
for 1-2 hrs - hang down by
silken thread, get blown off_
Swim freely - enter leaf sheath
and feed on green tissues near
the nodal region.
E (15-80/cluster )5-8d
L (33-41d),P ( 6-10d) - silken
cocoon inside stem, A( 3-5 g)
Dead heart
( vegetative stage
White earhead
(panicle dry,
partially filled)
Egg masses at
the leaf tip
Frass at the
feeding site
Avoid close planting,
monocropping & water
stagnation
Clipping of tips before
transplanting
Seedling root dip -
Chloropyriphos(0.02%.), light
trap
Nursery - Carbofuran 3G, foliar
spray Cartap hydrochloride 2g /
L,
Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 ml/ L
Trichogramma
chilonis,
T_japonicum
Bracon chinensis
Xanthopimpla
emaculata
Gall midge
Orseolia oryzae
Cecidomyiidae
The fly is mosquito-like, with
a bright orange-red abdomen
and a reddish telescopic
body. The maggot is
apodous and pale reddish.
Maggot feeds on apical
meristem, suppressing the
formation of radial ridges from
the innermost leaf.
E 300 (3-4d)
L (15-20d)
P (228d)
Spends entire larval and pupal
period inside a single tiller
Enzyme
Cecidogen-silver /
onion shoot,
vigorous
subsidiary
tillering, do not
bear panicles
Early transplanting, resistant var.
(Phalguna, Surekha), seedling
root dip (As above), Carbofuran
3G, Phorate 10G
Platygaster
Oryzae,Polygnotus
sps.
BPH
Nilaparvata lugens
WBPH
Sogotela furcifera
Delplacidae
A- Okraceous Female exists
in 3 forms – macropterous,
Brachypterous and apterous.
Nymphs are brown
E – 232 (7-9d) laid along the
midrib of leaves in bunches.
N- 5 (10-18 d)
Vector of grassy stunt virus
Toxic saliva –
hopper burn,
premature
yellowing with
isolated circular
patches, drying,
sooty mould
Monoculture, high N, High plant
density , seedling root dip,
❌
alley formation (20 cm width ),
alternate wetting and drying,
spray imidacloprid (0.3ml /l),
monocrotophos 2ml /l
Spider, mirid bug,
coccinellid beetle
Rice leafhopper
Nephotettix
nigropictus
N. virescens
Nigropictus – Has two black
spots extending up to the
distal portion of forewings,
with males having a black
tinge along the anterior
E 300 (6-7days), yellow laid in
rows under the epidermis of
the leaf sheath,
N 5 (18days), A (24d)
Yellowing,
stunting, scratch-
like marks on
leaves transmit
rice tungro and
Clipping of leaf tips, removing
alternative hosts
(panicum,echinocloa ), seedling
root dip, resistant variety (Vani,
Vikramarya), Monocrotophos
Olligosita
nephotetticum

3. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
margin of the pronotum and
a black submarginal band on
the crown of the head.
V- Only black spots on
forewings
rice yellow dwarf. 2ml/l
Rice hispa
(Dicladispa
armingera)
Hispidae
Beeltis long, square-shaped,
bluish-black shiny, spine
thorax and elytra
Eggs laid singly below
epidermis of tender leaves
(55tn)-[4-5d] , Grub (7-
12d),pupation in leaf mine (3-
5d)
Whitish leaf tips,
initially
membranous,
paperwhite, later
turn into a pale
reddish colour,
blister spots
towards leaf tips
Clipping of leaf tips, removal of
leftover nursery, Monocrotophos
@2ml /l, Chlorophyriphos
@2.5ml/l
Bracon sps.
Rice Leaffolder
( Cnaphalocrosis
medinalis )
Pyralidae
The moth is small and
brownish-orange in colour. It
has a dark, wavy line on the
forewings and one line on
the hind wings. Both wings
have dark brown bands on
the outer margin.
Flat oval, yellowish eggs (4- 7
d), yellowish-green larvae (15-
17 d), pupation inside leaf fold
(6-8 days ), larvae feed on
chlorophyll.
Longitudinal
folding of leaves
from tip
downwards with
silken threads,
white streaks
Clipping of leaf tips, passing a
rope 2-3 times over the crop
mechanically to dislodge the
caterpillar,chlorophyriphos @2.5
ml/l,cartap HCL @2gm/l.
Parasite-
xanthopimpla
emaculata
Rice Earhead Bug/
Gundhi Bug
( Leptocorisa
oratorius )
Coreideae
Elongated olive brown bug
with long legs emits a
characteristic unpleasant
odour, nymph pale yellowish
green with odoriferous
glands.
E 100-(7d), N 5 (15-21d), bug
overwinters in millet and wild
grasses and attacks at the
milking stage.
Shrivelled chaffy
grains, broken
grains, loss of
photosynthesis
and sooty mould
fungus
Hand nets, foliar spary with
chlorpyriphos@ 2ml/l,dusting
with endosulfan 4D
Swarming
caterpillar
( Spodoptera
mauritia)
Caterpillar is green, grey or
brown with dark longitudinal
strips
Caterpillars nibble at first, then
become voracious feeders,
feed at night and hide during
the day
The field appears
as if grazed by
cattle, cut the
seedlings at the
nursery stage
Flooding of the nursery to
expose the larvae, chlorpyrifos @
2ml /l
Larval parasitoid
Rice Caseworm
( Nymphula
depunctalis )
Pale green larvae with
orange heads were found
hanging from the leaf. The
moth is small and white with
pale brown wavy marking
Circular flattened eggs, which
develop two purple dots when
mature,
Larvae cut the leaf blade into
short legs and construct a
tubular case,
scrapping the
green matter,
which appears
ladder-like with
alternate dark and
light rows of
green patches
The sprinkling of kerosene
water, proper drainage,
chlorpyriphos@ 2.5ml/l,
monocrotophos @2ml /l

4. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
Panicle Mite
( Steneotarsonemu
s spinki
Acarina
Nymph and adult colonisation
on midribs of leaves and
lacerate tissue up to the
maximum tillering stage, with a
maximum incidence at the
boot leaf stage.
Brown necrotic
lesions on leaf,
sterile
discoloured
grains, fungal
attack
Dicofol @ 5ml/l, Spinosad
PESTS(sugar
cane)
IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Early shoot Borer
( Chilo
infuscatellus )
Crambidae
Larvae are dirty white
with five dark violet
longitudinal strips, dark
brown heads,
A- pale greyish with black
dots on the coastal
margin of the forewing,
hindwing white
E (300) in clusters of 8-40
(3-8d), L (22-44d),
P ( 4-6d) pale straw
coloured at the end of
larval tunnel, attack
during sprouting stage
Dead heart + offensive
smell due to rotting
boreholes at the base of
the shoot.
Early pl. (Dec- Jan),
intercropping with
Dhanicha, trash mulching,
earthing up, Carbofuran
3G @33kg/ ha,
Chlorantraniliprole 18.5
SC @ 375 ml/ha
Tachinid
parasitoid,trichogammma
minutum , trichogamma
austrelllicum
Internode Borer
( Chilo
sacchariphagus
indicus )
Crambidae
The moth is small straw
coloured, with forewings
having a marginal dark
line and hind wings white;
the caterpillar has a white
body with dark spots and
a brown head.
White eggs (5-6d) in
batches,
L (53 d)
P (8-10 d) in leaf sheath
The internode is
constricted, there are
boreholes, excreta at the
nodal region, and affected
tissues are reddened.
Avoid excessive N
fertiliser ,Carbofuran
3G@30 kg /ha
Trichogamma CChiilonis ,
Pupal parasitoid –
Tetrastichus sps.
Top Borer
( Scirpophaga
excerptalis)
Pyralidae
Larvae are smooth, white-
red coloured, mid-dorsal
line, yellow head, A- white
with buf coloured anal
tuft of hairs.
Dull white overlapping
eggs in clusters near
midrib (300E)(7-9d), L-(25
-42 d), and P(7-10d) inside
the stem starts damage
when the crop is 2-3
months old.
Deadhart has a reddish
brown colour that cannot
be easily pulled out, shot
holes, and a bunchy top
appearance. The attack
starts from the midrib.
The physical collection of
egg masses,
chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC
@375 ml/ha
E parasitioid –
Tricogamma minutum
L- Isotima Javensis
P- Tetrastichus sps.

5. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
White Grub
( Holotrichia
consanguinea )
Melolonthidae
C-shaped grub with
whitish yellow colour, A-
dark brown
Drying of crown, yellowing
and wilting, root damage
Light trap, adequate
irrigation, crop rotation,
Phorate 10G on both
sides of cane rows
Termites
( Odontotermes
obesus)
Termitidae
Severe in red soils There is low germination
and semicircular feeding
marks; the cane becomes
hollow, and the rind is filled
with soil.
Digging of termite
mounds,
chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC
@500 ml in 500 ml
water/ha, sett treatment
with imidacloprid @ 100-
150g /100 setts
Whitefly
(Aleurolobus
barodensis ,
Neomaskellia
bergii )
Aleyrodidae
The nymph is pale yellow
and turns shiny black with
a waxy coating; the adult
is pale yellow with hyaline
dusted with a waxy
bloom.
Creamy white conical
eggs (60- 65 )(8-10d),
nymph (25-30 d), pupae –
(10-11d), adult -9
gen/year
Suck sap; leaves turn
yellow to white, honeydew
+black sooty mould
fungus.
Low N fertiliser ,
monochrotophos 36SL
@2l/ha
Chilocorus nigritus ,
nymphal parasitoid –
Encarsia sps.
Leafhopper
( Pyrilla
perpusilla )
Lophopidae
Adults are straw-coloured,
have a snout, wing
densely veined +
transparent, nymphs soft
pale brows, + waxy
secretion at the end of the
abdomen.
E (300-500) in clusters (8-
28d)
P- (2-6months)
Adult 3-4 gen/year
Rich man’s pest (N
application✔)
Yellowing, top leaf dries
off, stunted growth,
honeydew black sooty
mould
Low N fertiliser,
destruction of egg
masses, light trap
Chilomenes sexmaculata
,tetrastichus sps,
epericania melanoleuca
Mealybug
( Saccharicoccu
s saccharin)
Pseudococcidiae
A soft pinkish oval inset
with white waxy powder,
females are sac-like with
clearly segmented bodies,
and males are winged.
Eggs (1000) cylindrical
(few hours), Nymphs – 2-
3 weeks
Stunted growth, roots
attack, Honeydew + black
sooty mould
Proper drainage,
immersion of sett in
Dimethoiate 1.7ml/l
solution for 15 min

6. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
Scales
(Melanaspis
glomerata )
Diaspididae
Greyish-black circular
scales cover the shoot
Exhibit ovoviviparity;
nymphs are called
crawlers
Dark encrustations in
Internode
Weed-free, avoid repeated
ratoons and water
stagnation, spray
dimethoid 30 EC at 120
and 150DAP, pre-soaked
sett in 0.1% Malathion
solution.
Chilocorus nigritus,
Pharoscymnus Horni
Wooly aphid
( Ceratovacuna
lanigera)
Aphididae
Small black minute
insects found on the
undersurface of leaves,
adults can be apterous
(wax gland present) and
alate (absent)
Undergo parthenogenesis
(hollow cyclic generation);
more rainfall decreases
the population
The girth of the stem
decreases. , internodes
shortened +honew dew
+black sooty mould
Wide row
spacing,dethrashing,
irrigation control,
monochrotophos@ 2l/ha,
dimethoate

7. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS (WHEAT) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Ghujia Weevil
Tanymecus indicus
Greyish-brown weevils
migrate during the early
morning and evening
hours. Their forewings
are oblong, and their
hindwings are triangular
but cannot fly.
E -80 -laid singly in soil
(15-50d), grub perios
11(10-18d) ,P – 2months
, adults emege in June
but sexually active in Oct
Cuts and feeds in
plumule of young
seedling, generally crop
needs resowing.
Deep ploughing to
destroy pupae
Armyworm
Mythimna separata
Noctuidae
Pale brown adults, larvae
are dull white, later
turning green
E –(4-11d) , L –(13-14d)
,P- in soil (9-13d) ,
periods may be
extended in winter
Larvae spin threads and
suspend in the air, feed
on tender leaves, and
skeletonise the leaf. The
field looks as if cattle
grazed it.
Quinalphos 25EC /500l
water/ha, dichlorvos
85SL@500ml/500l water
/ha
Termites
Odontotermes obesus
Termitidae
Winged forms are
reproductive casts that
enter soil with royal
pairs; workers are
whitish-yellow, flat and
wingless.
Queen lays eggs
(30000/day)- lives for 5-
15 years, nymphal period
(6-12 months),
Plants completely dry up
as they feed on
cellulose, white ears
Digging out queen ,
fumigation with CS2 ,
seed treatment with
chlorophyriphos @6ml
/kg, soil drenching with
chlorophyriphos
50EC@10ml/l
Gram Pod Borer
Helicoverpa armigera
Greenish larvae Attacks wheat at
maturity feeds on grains
in the ear head
Quinalphos25 EC /500l
water /Ha
Wheat aphid
Macrosiphum
miscanthus
Aphididae
Green inerts louse like Breeds during cold
weather and emerges
where ears are ripening
Suck sap,
photosynthesis
decreased
Dimethoate 30EC ,
Monocrotophos 36SL
/500l water /ha

8. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(Sorghum) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Sorghum shoofly
Atherigona
soccata
Muscidae
The fly is small, dark grey,
and house-like. The
abdomen has 6 dark spots
in females and 4 in males,
and the larva is pale
yellowish.
E 40, whitish cigar-
shaped (2-3d), L –(6-
10d), magot is apodous,
wriggles down the leaf
to reach the base of
leaf and bores into axis,
P – inside stem (7-10d)
Maximum during
summer, the boring
action of maggots
leads to decay of the
central succulent core
– dead har with an
offensive smell at the
cut end and excessive
tillering.
Higher seed rate @ 12
kg /ha. Early sowing
before 15 July.
Resistant var
( Yashoda, Phule, Swati
).
Carbofuran 3G granule ,
Phorate 10G ,Spray
Dimethoate 30 EC
500ml/ha, Plastic fish
meal trap @12/Ha
Sorghum Stem
Borer
Chilo partellus
Pyralidae
The moth is straw-coloured
with black specks along the
caudal margin of the
forewings. The larvae are
cylindrical and yellowish
brown, with a brown head
and a prothoracic shield
with dark spots on the body.
pupa is obtect with 6 spines
at caudal end
E 300 (7d) is laid on the
undersurface of
leaf–scale–-like flat in
batches.
L- (28-35d) hibernate in
winter, pupal period –
(7-10d)
Shot hole due to biting
across leaf spindle,
dead heart with no
offensive smell, chaffy
ear head
Higher seed rate,
intercropping with
Dolichus, resistant
var(Ganga -5),
Carbofuran 3 G, 35-40
days after sowing in
leaf whorls
Trichogamma chelonis
(brachon chinensis),
Xanthopimpla punctata
Pink stem Borer
Sesamia inferens
Noctuidae
The moth is medium-sized,
straw coloured with
forewings having a marginal
black streak, hind wings and
thorax are white, larvae are
pale yellow with a purple,
pink tinge and reddish-
brown head
100E (7-12d) yellowish
pearl like egg laid b/w
stem and leaf sheath in
rows . L(5) (25-54d)
pupation inside stem (8
-12d)
Caterpillar bore into the
stem, causing dead
heart, chaffy ear head,
shotholes
Pulling out and
destruction of affected
plants Carbofuran 3G
granules @4kg/acre
placed in leaf whorls
Cartap HCL 4G
Sorghum midge
Contarinia
sorghicola
Cecidomyiidae
The adult fly is tiny,
mosquito-like. Bright orange
abdomen and transparent
wing
E -30(3-4d) in clusters
of 6-10 in each floret –
laid within spikelets. L-
(7-11d) .P –(3-5d)
within spikelets
Larvae feed on the
ovary, destroying grain,
flattening florets, red
ooze from spikelets,
chaffy grains, and
empty pupal cases
protruding from
Burning panicle
residues, early sowing,
resistant varieties,
Spray malathion
Tetrastichus
coimbatorensis

9. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
1. Shootfly (Atherigona approximata ) - Muscidae
2. Stem borer ( Chilo partellus ) - Crambidae / Pyralidae
3. Pink Stemborer - Noctuidae
4. Grain midge ( Geromyia penniseti) - Cecidomyiidae
5. Stink bug – Pentatomidae
glumes.
Sorghum Earhead
bug
Calocoris
angustatus
Miridae
The adult is slender-legged,
yellowish green and active
fliers, N- light orange
abdomen
200E in c;uters (10d)-
bish cigar-shaped eggs
laid under glumes. N-
(10-16d). A-2gen/year
Chaffy grains have red
spots on feeding sites,
and the whole earhead
turns black. The attack
is sevre in the milking
stage
Avoid compact
gearhead varieties
shaking infested
earheads in kerosene
water. Imidachloprid
@0.3ml/l. Malathion 25
kg/ha. NSKE 5%
Reduviolus sps. ,
Geocoris tricolor
(Lygaid bug)
Red Hairy
Caterpillar
Amsacta
albistriga, A.
moorie
Arctiidae
Moth medium ized having
white forewings and
brownish markings; white
hindwings have white
blackspots, a yellow band
on the head and a yellow
streak on the coastal
margin. Larvae are reddish
brown with redhead and
dense large hair on the
body, covered with a black
band enclosing a red band
in between
Emerge in monsoon,
oviposit the same night
– 1000Eggs in clusters
of 50-100 (EP 3-4d).
Larval period 40- 50d,
[upation in bonds,
shady, moist places at
a depth of 10-20 cm
(remain in the soil till
next year
Due to heavy
defoliation, the entire
crop looks as if grazed
by cattle, and larvae
feed on the lower
surface of the leaf,
scraping away green
matter.
Deep ploughing,
bonfire, cowpea or
castor as trap crop,
placing shoots of
Jatropha/Ipomoea on
field bunds to kill
mig6ating larvae,
digging trenches, foliar
spray with dimethoid
@2ml/l or
Monocrotophos
1.6ml/L, Light traps.
Sorghum Aphid

10. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(finger millet) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Pink Stem Borer
Noctuidae
Root aphid
Tetraneura
nigriabdominalisi
Aphididae
Aphids are pinkish and
globular
Viviparity , N(4)(7-9d).
A-(5-11d)
Plants turn pale yellow,
wilting and drying in
patches. Black ants due
to honeydew
Systemic insecticides
Cutworm
Spodoptera exigua
Noctuidae
The moth is brown-
coloured with white
hindwings, l- brownish
green with a wavy line on
the dorsal surface and a
yellow strip laterally.
Egg laid in groups , L-
10-16d , P-7-11d in
earthen cocoon
Extensive defoliation at
night
Foliar spray with
chlorophyriphos @2.5ml/l
or acephate 1gm/l
Entemopatjogenic
fungus – Nomuraea
rileyi, larval parasitoid-
bracon sps
White Grub
Holotrichia
consanguinea
Melolonthidae
Grub is fleshy, C-shaped
whitish yellow, adult is
dark brown, 3 pairs of
legs at the head end
(Chafer grubs)
E- 1-3week, l (3) 9-10
months. P- 1 month
Feed on roots resulting
in the death of grown
plants
Physical removal,
ploughing, bonfire, phorate
10G, quinalphos - Soil trmt.

11. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS( maize) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Cornworm/ Earworm
Helicoverpa armingera
Noctuidae
The adult is a brown-
coloured moth with a v-
shaped Speck on the
forewings and a dull
black border on the
hindwings; larvae are
green with a broken
grey line, and the latter
turn brown.
Eggs are spherical
white, creamy white laid
singly; larvae show
colour variation.
Pupation in soil, leaf,
and crop debris
Larvae feed on silk and
develop grains
Spray carbaryl 50%WP
1kg/Ha
Webworm
Cryptoblabes gnidiella
Pyralidae /Pyraustidae
Larvae are long and
dark brown, forming
silken webs on the cob;
adults have dark grey
forewings.
Egg period – 3-4 d laid
on spikelets, L-9-10d,
pupation inside cob
Larvae feed on the
lemma of flowers
scraping the chlorophyll,
constructing webs on
maize cob
Monocrotphos 36 SL @
1l/ha
Shoot bug
Peregrinus maidis
Delphacidae
Yellowish brown -dark
brown adult with
translucent wings.
Eggs are covered with
white waxy substances.
Stunted growth,
yellowing, scorched
appearance, sooty
mould fungus, midribs
turn red due to egg
laying.
Vector of strip disease
of maize
Foliar spray of
dimethoate @2ml / L,
monocrotophos
@1.6ml/ L
Aphid
Rhopalosiphum maidis
Aphididae
Mottled appearance
with yellow patches,
honeydew +sooty
mould, transmits maize
dwarf mosaic virus.
Foliar spray of
dimethoate @2ml / L,
monocrotophos
@1.6ml/ L
Coccinellids ,chrysopids
1. Shootfly (Atherigona orientalis ) - Muscidae
2. Stem borer ( Chilo partellus ) - Crambidae / Pyralidae
3. Pink Stemborer - Noctuidae

12. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS( Cotton
)
IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Spotted
Bollworm
Earias vitella &
E. insulana
Noctuidae
Adult has pale, whitish
forewings with a broad greenish
band in the middle, wing span is
2.5 cm, caterpillar – no of black
and brown spots on the body.
Eggs 60-80, Ep -2-10d –
spherical sculptured
blue egg laid singly
/group. LP- 9-25d,
Pupation in the shape of
a silken cocoon on plant
surfaces or in cracks.
pp-6-25d
Pest appears 6
weeks after sowing
– drying of central
shoots, wilting,
premature dropping,
bolls with larval
frass, damaged lint,
early opening of
bolls.
Destruction of infected
shoots, crop rotation,
intercrop with sorghum green
gram, black gram, deep
summer plouhinh, ph,
pheromone traps @12/ha,
foliar spray with Bt@zg/L,
quinalphos 2-5 ml /L,
profenphos @2 ml / L
Trichogramma
evanescens,
L- Bracon lefroyi,
greeni, hebetor,
brevicornis, Apanteles
sp, Elasmus sp, P-
Chelonus, Chalcis sp
American
Bollworm
Helicoverpa
armigera
Noctuidae
The moth is stout and medium-
sized, with brownish forewings,
a dark crossband near the outer
margin and dark spots near the
coastal margin. Caterpillars vary
in colour, initially brown – then
green, with darker broken lines
along the side of the body. The
body is covered with radiating
hairs
Ep – 2-4 d – spherical
yellowish eggs laid
singly.
Larval period 18-25
d.Pupation in soil in
Earthen cells (16-21d).
starts its activity with
summer vegetables and
continues till September
with cotton crop ending
with castor and
sunflower during Jan-
Feb
Larvae attack
squares and bolls.
While feeding, it
thrusts its head,
leaving half of its
body outside, flared
or open squares,
hollowed balls,
premature shedding,
flowers curling
downwards
Nipping terminal buds,
intercropping with cowpea,
onion maize coriander, guard
crop (Sorghum and maize ),
ovipositional trap crops –
marigold, tolerant var-
Abadita , pheromone traps
@4/ac, application oh HaNPV
@ 200 LE/ac (larval
equivalent) + 1kg jaggery,
foliar spray with Spinosad @
0.3ml/l or Emametin
benzoate @0.5 gm/l
Birds – Kingcrow ,
myna , drongo ,
egg parasitoid –
Trichogamma chilonis
Chrysoperla carnea
Larval - Campoletis
chloride, Eriborus
angenteopilorus ,
Diadegma fenestalis,
Bracon brevicornis,
Peribaca obata
Pink Bollworm
Pectinophora
gossypiella
The moth is small. Its body is
dark brown with numerous
black spots on the wings. The
first segment of the antennae
bears 5-6 long stiff hairs, and
the palpi are pointed and curved
upwards. The larvae are white
and later turn pink, with dark
brown heads and prothoracic
shields.
Ep- 4-25 d – flat scale-
like white eggs laid
singly in half-opened
bolls—lp – 25-30d – 3
moulting.
Pupation – flimsy
cocoon inside boll, Pp-6-
20d
Rosette flowers,
premature dropping,
weak lint
development,
invasion of
saprophytic fungus
in prematurely
opened bolls,
gaining % reduced,
poor germination
capacity of seeds,
lint gets stained.
Early maturing varieties,
timely sowing, acid delinted
seeds, pheromone traps
(gossip lure ), Avoiding
summer crop and ratooning,
seed fumigation with methyl
bromide @0. 4kg /1000 cubic
ft or Aluminium Phosphide @
50 tablets /1000 cubic ft .
spray quinalphos @2.5 ml/l,
chlorpyriphos @ 2ml /l,
cypermethrin @ 2ml /l,
Spider and ladybird
beetle

13. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
lambda (cyhalothrin )
@1.5ml/l, burning of stained
Kapass, resistant variety –
Abadita, Lohit
Tobacco
caterpillar
Spodoptera
litura
Noctuidae
The moth has a stout body, pale
grey to dark brown forewings,
and wavy white crisscross
markings. The hind wings are
white with brown patches along
the margin. The caterpillar is
velvety and black, with yellowish
-green dorsal strips and lateral
white bands with incomplete
rings.
E 300 in clusters –
covered with brown
hairs, ep – 3-5 d, larval
instar – 6, Lp – 15-30d
.pupation inside the
soil, Pp – 7-15 d. adults
live for 7-10d
(8gen/year)
Caterpillars scrape
the chlorophyll
content, giving a
papery white
appearance,
irregular holes on
leaves,
skeletonisation, and
bored bolls.
Light traps , pheromone traps
@ 12 /ha , NSKE 5% ,
sprayonh NVP @200LE /ac
with 1 kg jaggery , foliar spray
with Quinalphos @2.5 ml /l ,
Novaluran 2@ 1ml/l , baiting
with rice gram 10 kg
+jaggery 2kg +
hcrlorophyriphos 750 ml in
form of small balls
Trichogamma sps.
(E.parasitiod )
Leafhopper
Amrasca
biguttula
biguttula
Cicadellidae
The adult is reddish in winter
and greenish yellow in summer,
wedge-shaped, with a black
spot on each forewing and two
black spots on the vertex; they
move diagonally; nymphs are
pale green and wingless
E 30, Ep – 4-11 d
inserted into spongy
parenchymatous tissue
between vascular
bundles and epidermis
N – (5) – 7-21d
8-10 overlapping
generation
Suck sap, and inject
toxin through saliva,
causing hopper burn
( leaf margins
turning yellow-red )
and curling up,
brown necrotic
patches
Resistant varieties (saitha,
Narasimha), seed treatment
with Carbosulfan @ 40 gm
/kg, Thiamethoxam @
4gm/kg, soil application of
Carbofuran 3 G @ 33 kg /ha,
stem application with
monocrotophos(1:4 with
water ), imidacloprid 200 SL
(1:20 with water ), spray
monocrotophos 1.5 ml /l and
imidacloprid @0.4ml/l
Chrysoperla carnea
Cotton Aphid
Aphis gossypii
Aphididae
Small soft yellowish-green
insects, presence of 2 tube-like
structures called cornicles on
the abdomen.
Viviparity,
parthenogenesis, N- 7-9
d with four instars
Suck the sap, sooty
mould, honeydew,
drying of leaves
Imidachloprid 17.8 SL @125
ml/500 l water /ha , fipronil 5
SC , methyl demeton 500ml,
buprofezin 25 SC
Monochilus
sexmaculata,
Coccinella
septumpunctata, A.
flavipes, Aphelinus
mali
Whitefly
Bemisia tabaci
Aleyrodidae
Minute insects have white or
greyish wings, yellowish bodies,
and red constricted eyes;
nymphs are oval-shaped and
scale-like with marginal bristle-
like fringes.
E 70, Ep -33 d, laid
singly on the leaf's
undersurface, N-3
instar, Np -9-18d, can
breed
parthenogenetically.
Transmits leaf curl
virus disease, low-
quality lint and low-
content
Tolerant varieties (Amravathi,
Kanchan, Supriya). Crop
rotation with Sorghum ragi
maize, Yellow sticky trap,
NSKE 5%. Avoid synthetic
pyrethroids.
Encarsia sp, Eretmoce
rus sp

14. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
1. Cotton Thrips(vector of yellow spot virus and spotted wilt virus ) : Thrips tabaci
2. Mealy bug: Phenacocous solani
3. Red cotton bug: Dysdercus cingulatus ( Pyrhocoridae) _ Hemiptera – injury leads to the entry of bacterium Nematospora gossypii
4. Dusky cotton bug ( Oxycarenus hyalinipennis ) _ Lygaeidae: Hemiptera

15. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(sesamum) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Leaf webber/ Pod Borer
Antigastra catalaunalis
Pyralidae
The adult is a small pale
brownish moth with
yellowish brown
elongated wings; larvae
are pale green with a
black head and thin
hairs on the body.
E 100, Ep -4-5 d, shining
flat eggs, Larval period
11-16 d, pupation within
the web, Pp – 7-10d,
active during July – Sep
Webbed leaves at the
top with young
caterpillars, bored
shoots, flower buds and
pods
Early sowing (1
st
week of July )
,foliar spary with dichlorovos
1ml/l or chloropyriphos 2ml/l,
methyl parathion 50 EC
Gall fly
Asphondylia sesami
Mosquito flies and
maggots are white.
Ep -2-4 d laid in ovaries
of flower bud, Lp – 2-3
weeks, pupation inside
capsules, Pp- 7-12 d
Malformation of the
pod, poor setting of
seeds, galled buds
Burning of buds, foliar spray with
quinalphos, dimethoate 2ml/l,
monocrotophos 1.6ml/l
Leafhopper
Orosius albicinctus
Cicadelidae
Light brown coloured, Suck sap and transmit
Phyllody disease.
Methyl demeton 25EC @ 500ml
/ha
Sphinx caterpillar/
hawk moth
Acherontia styx
Sphingidae
The moth is large and
brownish with a skull-
like marking on the
thorax and violet and
yellow bands on the
abdomen, dark brown
forewings covered with
yellowish powdery
scales, yellowish
hindwings with two
prominent cross lines,
and green caterpillar
with yellowish oblique
strips and a curved anal
horn.
Ep – 2-5 d. Lp – 60 d, Pp
-14-21d (summer),
seven months (winter )
Pupation in an earthen
cocoon in soil
Defoliator, suck honey
from the apiary
Ploughing to expose hibernating
larvae, foliar spray with
malathion 2ml/l, Phosalon 2ml/l

16. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(sesamum
and castor)
IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Castor semi looper
Achaea janata
Noctuidae
Pale reddish brown
moth with black hind
wings having white
bands medially and 3
large white spots on the
outer margin; the
caterpillar is long,
smooth greyish brown,
1
st
pair of prolegs is
reduced (semi lopper) –
red /white side strips,
red anal tubercules and
black head.
E 450 – blue, green,
rounded, and ridged
eggs. Ep – 2-5 d, LP- 11
- 15 d, pupation in soil.
Pp – 10-14 d
In defoliated leaves,
only the midrib and
veins of the leaf are
visible.
Bird perches @ 10 /ha,
NSKE 5 ml /l, Bt 1gm/l,
foliar spray with Methyl
Parathion 2ml/l,
Spinosad 0.33 ml /l
Egg parasitioid-
Telonomus,
Tetrastichus Braconid
parasite- Micropletis
ophiusae
Shoot & capsule borer.
Conogethis punctiferalis
Pyralidae
The moth has bright
orange-yellow wings
with numerous black
dots, and the caterpillar
is brownish with a
pinkish tinge and fine
hair.
Eggs laid singly or in
groups, pinkish oval flat
eggs, Ep -6-7 d, Lp -12-
16 d, Pupation in a
damaged capsule
within the silken
cocoon, Pp- 7-10d
Larvae bore into shoots
and capsules, frassy
matter at the bored
shoots, webbed seed
capsules covered with
dark excreta.
Spray Dimethoate 2 ml
/l , Methyl demeton 2ml
/l , Monocrotophos 2ml
/l.
Tobacco caterpillar
Spodoptera litura
Noctuidae
The moth has a stout
body with pale grey to
dark brown forewings,
wavy white crisscross
markings, hind wings
white with brown
patches, caterpillar
velvety black with green
dorsal stripes, and legal
white bands with
incomplete rings.
E 300 in clusters
covered by brown hairs,
Ep -3-5 d, L- 6 instar, Lp
– 15-30 d, Pupation
inside soil, Pp – 7-15 d
Irregular holes on
leaves –
skeletonisation,
presence of bored bolls,
and caterpillars scrape
the chlorophyll content
of leaf lamina, giving a
papery white
appearance.
Light traps , pheromone
traps @ 12 /ha , NSKE
5% , sprayonh NVP
@200LE /ac with 1 kg
jaggery , foliar spray
with Quinalphos @2.5
ml /l , Novaluran 2@
1ml/l , baiting with rice
gram 10 kg +jaggery
2kg + hcrlorophyriphos
750 ml in form of small
balls

17. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
Castor butterfly
Ergolis marine
Nymphalidae
Larvae are long green
with short branching
hair(spiny). A- brown
butterfly with a black
wavy line on the wing
E 50. Ep – 1 week,
dome-shaped shiny
white eggs. Pp- 5-6 d
Scrapes the chlorophyll
content, defoliation
Quinalphos 2 ml /l,
Chloropyriphos 2.5 ml/l
Hairy caterpillar
Euproctis fraterna
Porthesia scintillans
Dasychira mendosa
Lymantriidae
The moth is yellowish
with a pale transverse
line on the forewings;
the caterpillar has a
redhead with white hair,
a reddish brown body
and a pre-anal hairy tuft.
Ep – 4-10 d . 6 larval
instars, Lp- 13-29 d. Pp
-9-25 d – Silken cocoon
Defoliation, Larval- Helicospilus
merdarius, H.
horsefieldi, Apanteles
sp
Tussock caterpillar
Notolophus posticus
Lymantriidae
The male is winged, and
the female is apterous;
larvae have brown
heads with long hair
pencils pointing forward
from the prothorax.
E 350, cream-coloured
eggs, Ep -7d, Lp- 16-19
d. Pupation in a silken
cocoon
Defoliation
Gall fly
Asphondylia ricini
Cecidomyidae
Ep – 2-4 d. Lp- 14-21 d.
Pp -7-12 d
Magoot feeds on floral
parts, causing
malformation of buds –
galled buds, no fruits
and seeds.
Methyl demeton 25
EC
Leafhopper, Whitefly, Thrips, mites

18. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
Mustard Pests
HEMIPTERAN PESTS -
1) Mustard Aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi )
2) Painted bug (Bagrada hilaris ) - Pentatomidae - Black bugs with orange/ brownish spots
3) Green Peach aphid (Myzus persicae )
DIPTERAN PEST: Pea leaf miner ( Chromatomyia horticola) - Agromyzidae
LEPIDOPTERAN PEST :
1) Bihar Hairy Caterpillar ( Spilosoma obliqua Arctiida
2) Cabbage butterfly ( Pieris brassicae) - Pieridae
3) DBM (Plutella xylostella) - Pleutellidae
HYMENOPTERAN PEST: Mustard sawfly (Athalia lugens) - Tenthredinidae

19. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
White Grubs, Thrips, Red hairy caterpillars, Tobacco caterpillars, Helicoverpa armigera, pod bug ( Elasmolomus sordidus)
Groundnut
Leaf miner
Aproaerema modicella
Gelechiidae
The moth is small with
dark brown wings and
distinct white spots on
the forewings; the
caterpillar is greenish
with a small dark head.
Active during
September – Oct, shiny
sculptured eggs, egg
period three days, Lp-
14 d, Pupation in
blotch mines, Pp= 4d
Mining of leaves-
blotches, distorted
leaflets, webbed &
folded leaves, the field
looks as if the brunt.
Crop rotation with non-
legumes, Soybean as
trap crop light/
pheromone trap, foliar
spray with
Chloropyriphos
@2.5ml/L,
monocrotophos
@1.6ml/L
Aphid
Aphis craccivora
Aphididae
Reddish to dark brown
colour
Suck sap + withering +
honeydew + sooty
mould - photosynthesis
reduced, transmits
groundnut rosette
virus, not stunt virus.
Methyl demeton
@2ml/L,
dimethoate@2ml/L,
imidachloprid 17.8 SL
@100ml in 700L water/
ha
Chrysoperla carnea
grubs @5000/ ha.
Leafhopper
Empoasca kerri
Cicadellidae
Wedge-shaped green
insects
Chlorosis, inject toxin
causing whiteness of
views, v-shaped
chlorotic patches,
hopper burn.
Methyl demeton
@2ml/L,
dimethoate@2ml/L,
imidachloprid 17.8 SL
@100ml in 700L water/
ha

20. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(pulses) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Redgram Plume
Moth
Exelastis atomosa
Pterophoridae
Lepidoptera
Moth slender, gray
with long narrow
wings , forewings are
divided into 2 parts
and hindwings into 3
parts with fringe like
border . Caterpillar is
greenish brown with
short haired and
spines over the body .
Pupae also fringed
with short hairs
Single eggs laid on
flower buds , Ep – 4-5
d . Lp-14-30d , found
at flowering .
Pupation on pod
surface , Pp- 4-8d
Caterpillar bores into
green pods and
developing seeds ,
small hole on leaves ,
dropping of flower
buds
Foliar spray at 50%
flowring , quinalphos
2ml/l , Emametin
benzoate , light trap ,
pheromone trap
@12/ha , NPV
@500LE/ha ,
Aadiractin @ 0.03%
Trichogamma sps,
Apantels sps
Spotted pod borer
Maruca vitrata
Pyraustidae
Moth has dark brown
forewings with white
club shaped cross
band along anterior
margin and white
hind wings with dark
brown broder .
Caterpillar has short
hairs
Larvae bores into
buds , flowers and
web them together ,
feeds on seed , mass
excreta can be seen
at the entrance of
larval burrow
Foliar spray with
chlorophyriphos 2.5
ml/l , Quinalphos
2ml/l , Lambda
cyhalothrin 1ml/l .
Bracon hebetor
Blue butterfly
Lampides
boeticus
Lycaenidae
Moth is greyish blue
with prominent black
spots in hind wing
and a long tail .
Larvae is pale green
with a rough skin
Eggs laid singly or
groups of 2-3 on
flower buds or pods ,
Ep- 4-7 days . Lp- 9-
27d . Pupation in leaf
or pod . pp- 17-19 d
Larvae feeds inside
flower bud , bore
holes
Foliar spray with
chlorophyriphos 2.5
ml/l , Quinalphos
2ml/l , Lambda
cyhalothrin 1ml/l .
Trichogramma sp,
L- Aploymia sp,
Hyperencyrtus
lycaenephila,
Listrodromus
crassipes
Spiny pod borer
Etiella zinckenella
Phycitidae
Ep – 5-6 d , Lp- 10-13
d , Pupation in
cocoon or inn soil
under dry leaves , Pp
-9-20 d
Larvae bores within
pod and feeds upon
seed , webbing
together 2-4 pods
“

21. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
Field bean pod
borer
Adisura Atkinson
Noctuidae
Moths are yellowish
brown in colour ,
Larvae is long
brownish green .
Ep- 3d . Lp- 14-15 d
.Pp -11 d , Pupation
in rice store
Larvae bores into the
pods and feeds upon
the seeds
Pod fly
Melanagromyza
obtusa
Agromyzidae
Adult is black fly with
strong legs and ovate
abdomen . Wings are
clear veined ,
brownish yellow at
base , Maggot is
creamy white
Fly pierces pericarp
with ovipositor – 80
Eggs . Ep – 3d . Lp –
6-10 d . First instar
vores into epidermis
rupturing seed coat ,
subsequent instars
bore into cotyledon .
Pp – 8-12 d inside
larval grooves in
pods
Discoloration of
infested pods , holes
covered with thin
membrane ,
damaged seeds ,
Damaged pod wall
tissues , exit holes
Early sowing ,
spraying with
monocrotophos 1.5
ml/l , Lambda
cyhalothrin
500ml/700L water/
ha
Prepupal parasitoid-
Euderus agromyzae
Pupal - Euderus
lividus
Stem fly
Ophiomyia
phaseoli
Agromyzidae
Adult is a small black
fly
38-79 eggs . Ep – 3
days . maggot 1sts
makes galleries
below the epidermis
of seed . Lp – 5-6 d ,
Pp – 8-9 d
Drooping and
yellowing of leaves ,
infected sites are
swollen . stunting of
older plants . distinct
tunnel with excreta
High seed rate , seed
treatment with
thiomethoxam @
4gm /kg seed , foliar
spray with
monocrotophos
1.6ml/l . seed
pelleting with
chlorophyriphos @ 4
ml /kg seed
Prepupal parasitoid-
Euderus agromyzae
Pupal - Euderus
lividus
Gram pod borer ( Helicoverpa armigera) - Most imp pest
Eriophyid mite( Aceria cajani ) – transmits pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus causing yellowing of leaves and suppression of lowering and
fruiting , bushy appearance , leaves are small and show light and dark green mosaic pattern . Tolerant varirty – Jagruthi , Bahar , foliar spary
with Dicofol 3ml/l

22. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(pulses) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Bean aphid
Aphis craccivora
Aphididae
Greenish black
coloured aphid
3-8d , reproduces
parthenogenetically
and viviparous ,
Nymph transfer into
adult , 5-8 d and 4
instars
Suck sap , pods
become deformed
and malformed ,
drying of affected
pods ,vector of pea
virus
Resistant cowpea
variety , bundel Lobia
-1 . spraying with
Methyl demeton 25
EC / Dimethoate @
500ml/500l water
Entomopathogenic
fungus- Fusarium
pallidoroseum or
Beauveria bassiana
Thrips
Caliothrips indicus
Thripidae
Tiny yellow fringed
winged adults
Mottled leaves with
silvery , no pods act
as vectors
Malathion 50 EC @
1l /700 l water
Pod bug
Riptortus pedestris
Coriedae
Nymphs are brownish
black and
hemispherical ,
resembles brown ant
Egg -115 , Ep -3-4d .
N- 5 instar , Np-16 d
Suck sap from
unripe seed ,
shriveled tender
parts , bugs
clustered around
pods
Leaf webber
Eucosma critica
Eucosmidae
Small dark brown
moth
100 eggs . Ep – 3-4d
. Lp -14-21 d . Pp 4-
6d – inside folded
buds in silken
cocoon
Larvae bores into
tender shoots of
folsed leaves ,
terminal leaves are
spun together ,
growing tip
damaged
Lablab leaf miner
Cyphosticha coerula
Gracillaridae
Larvae bores into
epidermis of leaf
and forms blisters
through mining
Methyl demeton @
750ml /700 l water
/ha
White fly – Bemisia tabaci
Green leaf hopper - Empoasca kerri
Termite - Odontotermes obesus

23. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS(Jute) IDENTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT PREDATORS
Semilooper
Anomis sabulifera
Noctuidae
Moth is brownish
with dark spot and
many lines on
forewings . caterpillar
is green with dark
green stripes and
black spots .
E -200 laid singly . Ep
-2-3 d .Lp – 17d .
Pupation – In soil in
rough cocoons ,
sometimes on leaves
suspende by means
of curved hook of
pupae , Pp – 1wk
Top 7-9 leaves are
damaged,
considerable
reduction in yield ,
apical buds
destroyed
Dislodge the
caterpillars
intokerosinized water
by drawing a rope
across the young
crop
Spary
monocrotophos
1.6ml/l
L- Tricholiga
sorbilans, Litomastix
gopimobani,
tachynids
Stem weevil
Apion corchori
Curculionidae
Adult is small dull
black with long
curved snout . Grub is
light yellowish with
brown head
Eggs ladi singly on
the stem . Ep -3-5 d.
Lp- 8-11 d .p- 4-6 d
Quality of fiber
reduced due to
oviposiotin hole
Avoid early sowing
and Excess N
fertiliser .
Stem girdler
Nupserha bicolor
postbrunnae
Cerambycidae
Beetle makes 2 rings
by cutiing a strip and
lays eggs within the
slit – 35 yellowish
eggs . Ep- 3-4 days .
Lp- 30-50d . pupation
in a chamber made in
the hollow of the
stem
Breakage of fiber
length due to cutting
of strips , quality o
fifber and yield
decreases
Mix 25 kg of Phorate
10G /ha in top soil
L- Neocatolaccus
nupserhae, Norbanus
acuminatus
Beet Armyworm: Spodoptera exigua( Noctuidae)- moths have dark spotted forewings and white hindwings . Female lays 200 spherical eggs in
cluters covered with buff hairs . Ep – 1-3d . Lp- 15-20d . Pp-5-7d . Damaged crop gives a webbed appearance

24. ENT-315 MINDMAP By- Pinaki & Paritosh
PESTS (MESTA)
1. Mesta Hairy Caterpillar ( Euproctis scintillans ) - Lymantridae, Lepidoptera →moth is yellowish with reddish line and spots on the edges .
Eggs laid isn masses . Ep- 5-9 days . larvae has yellowish brown head and yellow dorsal stripe with a mid dorsal red stripe , tuft of black hair
dorsally on the first 3 abdominal segments . Larval period 29-35 d .Pp -10-12 d . FOLIAGE FEEDER . Methyl demeton 2ml/l
2. Mesta Stem weevil( Alcidodes affaber)- Curculionidae → grubs bore into stem and petioles causing gall like swelling , frass is found through
holes made on stem , plant gets stunted , flowers and fruits retarded . pest is active from September -december
3. Mealy bug ( Meconellicoccus hirsutus)- Pseudococcidae
4. Leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula ) - Cicadellidae
5. Aphid (Aphis gossypii)
6. Spiral borer( Agrilus acutus)- Buprestidae→ Seriouspest of mesta . Insect bores through the main stem and forms rings on the main stem
which breaks from that portion . eggs are ovate and sclae like . Ep- 10-12 d . Larvae feeds under the bark forming a spiral tunnel . Lp- 26d . it fits
itself into the pupal chamber by adopting an asymmetrical U shaped posture . Pp- 11d
PESTS (SUNHEMP)
1. Hairy caterpillar ( Utetheisa lotrix)- Arctiidae:→moth has pale black forewimgs with red and black dots . female lays 100 round smooth yellow
eggs . larvae either defoliates or bores into pods feeding on the seeds caterpillar has yellow stripes dorally andblack and orange patches
laterally with brown head and hairs on the body . Lp – 18-21d . Pupation in soil > pupal period 6-8 d . Spray methyl parathion 2ml/l , larval
parasitoid (Brachon sps.)
2. Stem Borer (Laspeyresia tricentra)- Eucosmidae: Lepidoptera → caterpillar cause gall like sweing on shoots , profuse branching of infested
plants
3. Flea beetles ( Longitarsus belgaumensis)- Chrysomelidae →Adult beetle bites holes on leaves , spray monocrotophos 1.6ml/l