By Dr. Tadesse Amera, Co-Chair, IPEN and Director, Pesticide Action Nexus (PAN)-Ethiopia delivered at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment session.
The Role of Risk Assessment in Food Safety SystemsUN SPHS
By Mr. Mohammed Alhuthiel, Director, Risk Assessment, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment Session
COVID-19: Effects on Supplier Management, Supplier Standards and Human RightsUN SPHS
As the world is currently going through one of the most devastating pandemics, we are facing new challenges every day in health care supplier management, especially when it comes to human rights.
The global health sector’s unified concern today is to provide a cure for COVID-19. However, it is a fact that the delivery of prevention and treatment services can inadvertently contribute to major human rights problems. The COVID-19 outbreak is causing the biggest disruption in decades to economies and businesses across the world and deepening the human rights crisis especially for the vulnerable migrant workforce, women and children. Hence, implementing sustainable supplier management solutions and building relationships with suppliers for continuity of supply and managing performance at speed have never been more important. 12 years of global annual research, implemented by State of Flux, shows that most organizations are significantly exposed when it comes to supplier risk management and specifically pandemic risks.
Christophe Béné
POLICY SEMINAR
UNFSS Science Days Side Event: COVID-19, food systems, and One Health in an urbanizing world: Research responses at a national level
Co-Organized by CGIAR and RUAF
JUL 6, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Livestock production systems in Zimbabwe: Project overviewILRI
Presented by Sikhalazo Dube at the Livestock production systems in Zimbabwe (LIPS-Zim) project virtual inception workshop, ILRI, Nairobi, 4-19 May 2020
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
Findings of the report on Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Francois Stepman
Prof. David Miller (Carleton University, Canada)
Workshop on “Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa”
March 23 – 24, 2016
What are aflatoxins?
Fungal metabolites (naturally occurring)
Produced by strains of Aspergillus
flavus and A. parasiticus
Toxic to humans and animals
Highly stable compounds, withstand
normal food/feed processing
procedures
The Role of Risk Assessment in Food Safety SystemsUN SPHS
By Mr. Mohammed Alhuthiel, Director, Risk Assessment, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment Session
COVID-19: Effects on Supplier Management, Supplier Standards and Human RightsUN SPHS
As the world is currently going through one of the most devastating pandemics, we are facing new challenges every day in health care supplier management, especially when it comes to human rights.
The global health sector’s unified concern today is to provide a cure for COVID-19. However, it is a fact that the delivery of prevention and treatment services can inadvertently contribute to major human rights problems. The COVID-19 outbreak is causing the biggest disruption in decades to economies and businesses across the world and deepening the human rights crisis especially for the vulnerable migrant workforce, women and children. Hence, implementing sustainable supplier management solutions and building relationships with suppliers for continuity of supply and managing performance at speed have never been more important. 12 years of global annual research, implemented by State of Flux, shows that most organizations are significantly exposed when it comes to supplier risk management and specifically pandemic risks.
Christophe Béné
POLICY SEMINAR
UNFSS Science Days Side Event: COVID-19, food systems, and One Health in an urbanizing world: Research responses at a national level
Co-Organized by CGIAR and RUAF
JUL 6, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Livestock production systems in Zimbabwe: Project overviewILRI
Presented by Sikhalazo Dube at the Livestock production systems in Zimbabwe (LIPS-Zim) project virtual inception workshop, ILRI, Nairobi, 4-19 May 2020
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
Findings of the report on Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Francois Stepman
Prof. David Miller (Carleton University, Canada)
Workshop on “Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa”
March 23 – 24, 2016
What are aflatoxins?
Fungal metabolites (naturally occurring)
Produced by strains of Aspergillus
flavus and A. parasiticus
Toxic to humans and animals
Highly stable compounds, withstand
normal food/feed processing
procedures
AflaNET project: Minimization of aflatoxin contamination in the value chainFrancois Stepman
Wolfgang Buechs (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants - Julius-Kuehn-Institute) AflaNET project: Minimization of aflatoxin contamination in the value chain
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Impact of COVID-19 on Livestock Value Chain in KenyaILRI
Presented by Esther Omosa, Senior Nutrition Specialist, at the ICTforAg 2020 ‘Advancing Resilience, Nutrition, and Agriculture-led Growth in a Digital World’ Global Online Conference, 18 November 2020
Marie Ruel
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - No backsliding: How can we re-orient food systems and health systems to protect nutrition and healthy diets in the context of COVID-19?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
MAY 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAFrancois Stepman
12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAPatrick Njobeh* and Adekoya Ifeoluwa Dept of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Rob Vos
SEMINAR
Virtual Event --Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of the Netherlands, IFPRI, and Food & Business Knowledge Platform
APR 28, 2020 - 10:00 AM TO 11:15 AM EDT
Impact of COVID 19 on Food and Nutrition SecurityFrancois Stepman
Dr. John Swinnen, Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute.
5 May 2020. Webinar German Agribusiness alliance: Making food systems resilient to Covid 19.
This is the first part in a series of slide shows on food safety risk assessment. Risk assessment is one of the three elements in the Risk Analysis Framework, and this presentation gives an introduction to the topic.
Antibiotic resistance in food and agricultureTENYWADERICK
this presentation addresses the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance in biological systems like agriculture and health, and how they are interelated
Bruno Schuler (GIZ Germany)
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
FANRPAN Policy Brief: Stemming Aflatoxin in the Groundnut Chain in Sub-Sahara...Francois Stepman
This policy brief has been specifically
prepared to highlight the importance of aflatoxins on human health and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It
contextualizes, (i) the preharvest and post-harvest factors that influence the proliferation of molds and aflatoxin
contamination in groundnuts in the SSA region, (ii) discusses feasible prevention and management strategies and
(iii) presents recommendations .
Emerging Propositions for Science Actions for the UN Food System SummitFrancois Stepman
Presentation by: Joachim von Braun, Chair of the Scientific Group of the UNFSS Expectations of the Scientific Group for the Summit
25 June 2021. The Joint Programming Initiative for Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI) organised a dedicated workshop for invited participants to contribute to the vision and objectives of the upcoming UN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS).
Post Harvest Management Technologies for Reducing Aflatoxin Contamination in ...Francois Stepman
Dr. Loveness K. Nyanga
Senior Lecturer and Researcher, University of Zimbabwe
PhD, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
MSC and BSc, University of Zimbabwe
Management of Aflatoxin in Africa: working group on aflatoxin, Brussels 25/01/2016
Catalysing the Sustainable and Inclusive Transformation of Food Systems, From...Francois Stepman
Presentation of Hélène David-Benz - Senior Researcher, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development on 10 June 2021. Catalysing the Sustainable and Inclusive Transformation of Food Systems, From Assessment to Policy and Investment
Since 2020, the EU, FAO and CIRAD have entered into a partnership with governments and stakeholders to initiate a large-scale assessment and consultation on food systems in more than 50 countries.
THE EU RESEARCH & INNOVATION PROGRAMME 2021 – 2027Francois Stepman
Presentation by Kerstin Rosenow, Head of Unit Research and Innovation DG Agriculture, EU Commission The view from the EU Commission on the transformation of Food Systems .
Promoting regional trade and agribusiness development in the Pacific :
2nd PACIFIC AGRIBUSINESS FORUM
"Linking the agrifood sector to the local markets for economic growth and improved food and nutrition security"
Organised by PIPSO, CTA, IFAD, SPC and SPTO
Tanoa Tusitala Hotel, Apia, Samoa, 29th August -1st September 2016
7aConsidering the Hazards of pesticides and its Direct impact on h.pdfankkitextailes
7a
Considering the Hazards of pesticides and its Direct impact on humans there will be increased in
demand on complete elimination of use of synthetic pesticides.
Hazards of pesticides: If the credits of pesticides include enhanced economic potential in terms
of increased production of food and fiber, and amelioration of vector-borne diseases, then their
debits have resulted in serious health implications to man and his environment. There is now
overwhelming evidence that some of these chemicals do pose a potential risk to humans and
other life forms and unwanted side effects to the environment. No segment of the population is
completely protected against exposure to pesticides and the potentially serious health effects,
though a disproportionate burden, is shouldered by the people of developing countries and by
high risk groups in each country. The world-wide deaths and chronic diseases due to pesticide
poisoning number about 1 million per year.
The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include production workers, formulators, sprayers,
mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers. During manufacture and formulation, the
possibility of hazards may be higher because the processes involved are not risk free. In
industrial settings, workers are at increased risk since they handle various toxic chemicals
including pesticides, raw materials, toxic solvents and inert carriers.
Eliminating pesticides
Many alternatives are available to reduce the effects pesticides have on the environment.
Alternatives include manual removal, applying heat, covering weeds with plastic, placing traps
and lures, removing pest breeding sites, maintaining healthy soils that breed healthy, more
resistant plants, cropping native species that are naturally more resistant to native pests and
supporting biocontrol agents such as birds and other pest predators. In the United States,
conventional pesticide use peaked in 1979, and by 2007, had been reduced by 25 percent from
the 1979 peak level, while US agricultural output increased by 43 percent over the same period.
Biological controls such as resistant plant varieties and the use of pheromones, have been
successful and at times permanently resolve a pest problem.Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
employs chemical use only when other alternatives are ineffective. IPM causes less harm to
humans and the environment. The focus is broader than on a specific pest, considering a range of
pest control alternatives. Biotechnology can also be an innovative way to control pests. Strains
can be genetically modified (GM) to increase their resistance to pests. However the same
techniques can be used to increase pesticide resistance and was employed by Monsanto to create
glyphosate-resistant strains of major crops. In 2010, 70% of all the corn that was planted was
resistant to glyphosate; 78% of cotton, and 93% of all soybeans
7b
According to an organic food advocacy group, the Environmental Working Group, buying
certain organic food can .
AflaNET project: Minimization of aflatoxin contamination in the value chainFrancois Stepman
Wolfgang Buechs (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants - Julius-Kuehn-Institute) AflaNET project: Minimization of aflatoxin contamination in the value chain
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Impact of COVID-19 on Livestock Value Chain in KenyaILRI
Presented by Esther Omosa, Senior Nutrition Specialist, at the ICTforAg 2020 ‘Advancing Resilience, Nutrition, and Agriculture-led Growth in a Digital World’ Global Online Conference, 18 November 2020
Marie Ruel
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - No backsliding: How can we re-orient food systems and health systems to protect nutrition and healthy diets in the context of COVID-19?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
MAY 28, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAFrancois Stepman
12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAPatrick Njobeh* and Adekoya Ifeoluwa Dept of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Rob Vos
SEMINAR
Virtual Event --Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of the Netherlands, IFPRI, and Food & Business Knowledge Platform
APR 28, 2020 - 10:00 AM TO 11:15 AM EDT
Impact of COVID 19 on Food and Nutrition SecurityFrancois Stepman
Dr. John Swinnen, Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute.
5 May 2020. Webinar German Agribusiness alliance: Making food systems resilient to Covid 19.
This is the first part in a series of slide shows on food safety risk assessment. Risk assessment is one of the three elements in the Risk Analysis Framework, and this presentation gives an introduction to the topic.
Antibiotic resistance in food and agricultureTENYWADERICK
this presentation addresses the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance in biological systems like agriculture and health, and how they are interelated
Bruno Schuler (GIZ Germany)
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
FANRPAN Policy Brief: Stemming Aflatoxin in the Groundnut Chain in Sub-Sahara...Francois Stepman
This policy brief has been specifically
prepared to highlight the importance of aflatoxins on human health and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It
contextualizes, (i) the preharvest and post-harvest factors that influence the proliferation of molds and aflatoxin
contamination in groundnuts in the SSA region, (ii) discusses feasible prevention and management strategies and
(iii) presents recommendations .
Emerging Propositions for Science Actions for the UN Food System SummitFrancois Stepman
Presentation by: Joachim von Braun, Chair of the Scientific Group of the UNFSS Expectations of the Scientific Group for the Summit
25 June 2021. The Joint Programming Initiative for Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI) organised a dedicated workshop for invited participants to contribute to the vision and objectives of the upcoming UN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS).
Post Harvest Management Technologies for Reducing Aflatoxin Contamination in ...Francois Stepman
Dr. Loveness K. Nyanga
Senior Lecturer and Researcher, University of Zimbabwe
PhD, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
MSC and BSc, University of Zimbabwe
Management of Aflatoxin in Africa: working group on aflatoxin, Brussels 25/01/2016
Catalysing the Sustainable and Inclusive Transformation of Food Systems, From...Francois Stepman
Presentation of Hélène David-Benz - Senior Researcher, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development on 10 June 2021. Catalysing the Sustainable and Inclusive Transformation of Food Systems, From Assessment to Policy and Investment
Since 2020, the EU, FAO and CIRAD have entered into a partnership with governments and stakeholders to initiate a large-scale assessment and consultation on food systems in more than 50 countries.
THE EU RESEARCH & INNOVATION PROGRAMME 2021 – 2027Francois Stepman
Presentation by Kerstin Rosenow, Head of Unit Research and Innovation DG Agriculture, EU Commission The view from the EU Commission on the transformation of Food Systems .
Promoting regional trade and agribusiness development in the Pacific :
2nd PACIFIC AGRIBUSINESS FORUM
"Linking the agrifood sector to the local markets for economic growth and improved food and nutrition security"
Organised by PIPSO, CTA, IFAD, SPC and SPTO
Tanoa Tusitala Hotel, Apia, Samoa, 29th August -1st September 2016
7aConsidering the Hazards of pesticides and its Direct impact on h.pdfankkitextailes
7a
Considering the Hazards of pesticides and its Direct impact on humans there will be increased in
demand on complete elimination of use of synthetic pesticides.
Hazards of pesticides: If the credits of pesticides include enhanced economic potential in terms
of increased production of food and fiber, and amelioration of vector-borne diseases, then their
debits have resulted in serious health implications to man and his environment. There is now
overwhelming evidence that some of these chemicals do pose a potential risk to humans and
other life forms and unwanted side effects to the environment. No segment of the population is
completely protected against exposure to pesticides and the potentially serious health effects,
though a disproportionate burden, is shouldered by the people of developing countries and by
high risk groups in each country. The world-wide deaths and chronic diseases due to pesticide
poisoning number about 1 million per year.
The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include production workers, formulators, sprayers,
mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers. During manufacture and formulation, the
possibility of hazards may be higher because the processes involved are not risk free. In
industrial settings, workers are at increased risk since they handle various toxic chemicals
including pesticides, raw materials, toxic solvents and inert carriers.
Eliminating pesticides
Many alternatives are available to reduce the effects pesticides have on the environment.
Alternatives include manual removal, applying heat, covering weeds with plastic, placing traps
and lures, removing pest breeding sites, maintaining healthy soils that breed healthy, more
resistant plants, cropping native species that are naturally more resistant to native pests and
supporting biocontrol agents such as birds and other pest predators. In the United States,
conventional pesticide use peaked in 1979, and by 2007, had been reduced by 25 percent from
the 1979 peak level, while US agricultural output increased by 43 percent over the same period.
Biological controls such as resistant plant varieties and the use of pheromones, have been
successful and at times permanently resolve a pest problem.Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
employs chemical use only when other alternatives are ineffective. IPM causes less harm to
humans and the environment. The focus is broader than on a specific pest, considering a range of
pest control alternatives. Biotechnology can also be an innovative way to control pests. Strains
can be genetically modified (GM) to increase their resistance to pests. However the same
techniques can be used to increase pesticide resistance and was employed by Monsanto to create
glyphosate-resistant strains of major crops. In 2010, 70% of all the corn that was planted was
resistant to glyphosate; 78% of cotton, and 93% of all soybeans
7b
According to an organic food advocacy group, the Environmental Working Group, buying
certain organic food can .
Pesticides are important input to modern agriculture and also used in public health in controlling communicable disease.
The toxicity of these compounds poses risk to human health, environment and to the organisms which may not be targeted by pesticides.
The effect of pesticides and their mobility depend upon their chemical and physical properties, soil characteristics, groundwater infiltrations and vadose zone behaviour, vegetation and local weather conditions. They resist degradation by chemical, physical or biological means.
“There is no sort of lower standard or different standard used for pesticide products,” says Angus Cameron, a former manager of the firm Inveresk Research International in Scotland, where many of the human tests have been conducted.
Pesticides have been linked to a number of health problems, including neurologic and endocrine (hormone) system disorders, birth defects, cancer, and other diseases.
Pesticides classification and maximum residue limits in foodsherif Taha
This presentation describes main pesticide classification and illustrate how to obtain MRL for pesticide residue in EU, Codex alimentarius, USA, and Japan
The vital interconnections between health, oceans and climate changeUN SPHS
Dr. Richard Hixson (Consultant in Clinical Care Medicine and Co-Founder of Healthcare Ocean) at the 5h Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Resilient Circular Economy Medical Textile SolutionsUN SPHS
Dr. Tom Dawson
(Founder, Revolution-ZERO and Visiting Research Fellow in Healthcare Circular Economics, University of Exeter) at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 24 November 2022.
Clara Inés Meneses Sandoval (Environmental Management Coordinator, Fundación Club Noel, Colombia) at the 5h Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital Strategy in the reuse of personal protection eleme...UN SPHS
Ana Zoraida Gomez Diaz (Director, Department of General Services and Environmental Management Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Colombia) at the 5h Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 24 November 2022.
Resilient Circular Economy Medical Textile SolutionsUN SPHS
Dr. Tom Dawson (Founder, Revolution-ZERO and Visiting Research Fellow in Healthcare Circular Economics, University of Exeter) at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 24 November 2022.
Global Fund Emergency Response for BangladeshUN SPHS
Lahiru Perera (Project Manager, UNOPS) and Ekramul Haque (Deputy Program Manager, National Malaria Elimination & Aedes Transmitted Diseases Control Program, PM, BAN-MAL & Dengue; CDC, DGHS) at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Vaccine supply chain: challenges and opportunitiesUN SPHS
Dr. Asel Sartbaeva
(Reader in Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Bath) at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Reducing wasted medical equipment donated by iNGOsUN SPHS
Rodrigo Acosta, Zermeno Biomedical Specialist, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Understanding and addressing the effects of the pandemic on health care waste...UN SPHS
Paeng Lopez, Plastics in Health Care Project Coordinator, Health Care Without Harm Asia, at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
Building sustainability into the NHS Supply ChainUN SPHS
By Alexandra Hammond, Head of Sustainable Procurement and Supply, NHS England at the 5th Saving Lives Sustainably Global Forum 2022 on 23 November 2022.
The Global Fund- SPHS Engagement: Responsible Procurement FrameworkUN SPHS
The Global Fund and SPHS will solicit comments and advice on the project, and will collect any relevant experiences that the SPHS members can share from efforts to implement responsible/sustainable procurement practices. Deloitte will also prepare some questions to help focus the discussions.
The recording of the webinar is available here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BIYLDyOMVfbcsIzOB-5hfY7FBbI3ZLzh/view
Sustainable Procurement Index for Health (SPIH) Virtual SessionUN SPHS
This virtual session provides you with an overview of the Sustainable Procurement Index for Health (SPIH). Details are provided on how the SPIH is structured, an overview of the key themes and questions, and the scoring system. Typical use cases for the SPIH are set out, and feedback from recent piloting and testing sessions is shared.
For more information please contact Ian Milimo at ian.milimo@undp.org and visit savinglivesustainably.org
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pesticides Used for Food Production as a Health and Safety Issue
1. GLOBAL FORUM2020
3 R D S A V I N G L I V E S S U S T A I N A B L Y:
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION IN THE HEALTH
SECTOR GLOBAL FORUM|2020 RIYADH
Pesticides used for food
production as a health and
safety issue
Tadesse Amera(PhD)
On behalf of HCWH& IPEN
2. INTRODUCTION
Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops from insects, fungi, weeds
and other pests
Pesticides can affect people during their application and when consumed
(residue)
The routes of exposure are ingestion, inhalation and direct contact
Their impacts can be acute (immediate) or chronic (long term exposure)
3. Impacts of pesticides on crop
production
Pesticides are intended to control pests and increase production
However
They affect non-target organisms: bees & pollinators can be
eliminated
They persist in the environment-POPs, organochlorines –also called
lipidophilic
They can cause resistance resulting in pest resurgence
4. Accumulation of pesticides in food
systems
Bioaccumulation
Build up in the body through time
Biomagnification
Occurs due to a food chain
water-phytoplankton-zooplankton-small fish-fish eating
birds
DDT, 0.000003-20 ppm
5. Impacts of pesticides on human
health
All pesticides are potentially harmful to human health
Local acute effects of pesticides can affect the body part in contact
Acute systemic exposure can cause immediate death-based on type &
amount
In chronic systemic exposure, the blood carries pesticides to all part of the
body
6. Chronic impacts of pesticides on
humans
Some pesticides have been found to disrupt the body’s immune system
Some studies show that mother’s exposure to pesticides in the first months
of pregnancy can cause miscarriage
Some studies indicated that the mother’s exposure to pesticides during
pregnancy can be related to the occurrence of stillbirths.
Some pesticides are known to cause sterility and infertility in men.
Babies can also be exposed to pesticides when they are breast fed
Pesticides can cause birth defects
Some pesticide are carcinogenic-causing cancer
7. Pesticides & food safety issues
FAO and WHO have a voluntary code of conduct on pesticide management-
JMPM
WHO &FAO establish limits for safe intake of food-JMPR
to ensure that the amount of pesticide residue people are exposed to
through eating food over their lifetime will not result in adverse health
effects
These acceptable daily intakes are used by governments and international
risk managers, such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission
to establish Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pesticides in food
so that consumers can be confident that the food they buy meets the
agreed standards for safety and quality
8. Is it possible to reduce/eliminate
pesticides? YES
The fourth meeting of the International Conference on Chemicals
Management (ICCM4) made a resolution on the importance of agroecology
in crop production
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) promotes the use of pesticides as a last
resort
Organic agriculture have been witnessed as chemicals free and very safe
should not be limited to export
9. Three Important points to take note
of
1. Pesticides are created to kill
2. Pesticides have negative impacts on food
production, the environment & human health
3. Pesticide use can be reduced/eliminated
10. Take-home messages
1. Food safety in relation to pesticides is a public
health priority
2. Let us encourage eating what we produce and
producing what we eat
We usually eat what we do not produce and we
produce what we do not eat