The skeleton provides five main functions: 1) giving the body shape and support through posture, 2) allowing movement by providing sites for muscle attachment and levers, 3) protecting internal organs, 4) producing red and white blood cells, and 5) storing minerals. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton which is the central support and includes the cranium, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton which connects the limbs to the axial skeleton and includes bones like the scapula, humerus, femur, and tibia. Red blood cells produced by the skeleton carry oxygen to working muscles for energy production.