1. Questions Questions
1 Name one of the 4 key concepts in PE 1 What is meant by knowledge of results?
2 Name one of the 5 key processes in PE 2 What is knowledge of performance?
3 Name one fundamental motor skill 3 What is motivation?
4 What is meant by the term positive 4 What is intrinsic motivation?
reinforcement?
5 What is extrinsic motivation?
5 Give an example of positive reinforcement
Questions Questions
1 What is task motivation? 1 What is meant by the term etiquette?
2 What is ego motivation? 2 Who usually sets the rules for a sport?
3 What does the ‘S’ stand for in the SMARTER 3 What are ‘regulations’ in physical activities?
Principles of goal-setting?
4 Name one component of fitness
4 What does the ‘M’ stand for in the SMARTER
Principles of goal-setting? 5 What is the main function of haemoglobin?
5 What is meant by the term ‘role’ in a physical
activity? Give an example.
Questions Questions
1 What does the term hypertrophy mean? 1 Give two functions of the skeleton
2 What is the definition of flexibility? 2 What is the proper name for the skull?
3 What is muscular endurance? 3 What is the most common type of joint?
4 What are mitochondria? 4 What are ligaments?
5 What is a definition of strength? 5 What is meant by the term flexion?

2. Answers Answers
1 feedback which is external and can come from 1 competence, performance, creativity, healthy
the performer seeing the result of their active lifestyles
response – or from another person e.g. coach 2 developing skills, making and applying
2 feedback about the pattern of movement that decisions, developing physical and mental
has taken or is taking place – can be gained capacity, evaluating and improving, making
through kinaesthetic awareness informed choices about healthy active lifestyles
3 the drive or need to do something with 3 running, catching, throwing, kicking, jumping,
determination hitting
4 the internal drive or willpower to perform well 4 a reward given to a performer to encourage
5 external influences to perform well such as behaviour to be repeated
money, medals, praise etc…. 5 praise, badges, money, certificates, medals,
trophies etc…
Answers Answers
1 codes of behaviour and customs that are 1 exercising to keep healthy or playing sport to
acceptable in a particular activity improve personal bests (mainly intrinsic)
2 National Governing Body 2 exercising or playing sport because you want
3 specifications relating to players, umpires, to win or want to beat others (mainly extrinsic)
referees, equipment, playing surfaces etc…. 3 specific
4 cardiovascular endurance (stamina), speed, 4 measurable
strength, muscular endurance, flexibility 5 the part played by someone in a particular
5 to transport oxygen in the blood situation eg as a player in a rugby team or a
referee in football
Answers Answers
1 shape and support, protection, allow 1 an increase in the size of an organ or muscle
movement, produce red and white blood cells, 2 the range of movement around a joint
store minerals 3 the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to
2 cranium keep going without a rest
3 synovial or freely moveable 4 places in each muscle cell where energy is
4 tough, connective tissue that connect bone to produced
bone 5 the ability of the muscular system to exert
5 the bending of a limb at a joint force for a short period of time

3. Questions Questions
1 What is meant by the term adduction? 1 What is an antagonist muscle?
2 What is osteoporosis? 2 What is meant by the term ‘origin’ in the
muscular system?
3 What is skeletal or voluntary muscle?
3 Give two symptoms of tendonitis?
4 What is the calf muscle otherwise known as?
4 What are synergist muscles?
5 What is a prime mover?
5 What is tennis elbow?
Questions Questions
1 What causes lactic acid to build up in the 1 What is meant by the term perception?
muscles?
2 What are cognitive skills?
2 What is external imagery?
3 Give two characteristics of skill.
3 What is meant by the term internal imagery?
4 What are performance goals?
4 Briefly describe ‘self-talk’ as a method for
mental preparation 5 What are outcome goals?
5 What is progressive relaxation training (PRT)?
Questions Questions
1 What is VO2 Max? 1 Name the two types of carbohydrate.
2 What is the most reliable method of assessing 2 Name two components of a healthy diet.
cardiovascular fitness?
3 Approx what % of our diet should be
3 What is the test for assessing lower back and carbohydrates?
hamstring flexibility?
4 What is meant by the term Basal Metabolic
4 How is BMI calculated? Rate?
5 Name a test for cardiovascular endurance 5 What is meant by the term ‘core strength’?
other than the bleep test.

4. Answers Answers
1 a muscle that lengthens when prime mover 1 the movement of a limb towards the midline
contracts of the body
2 the end of a muscle attached by a tendon to a 2 a disease in which bones become fragile and
bone that is stable weak (lack of hormones, lack of vitamins)
3 tenderness, pain, swelling, warm skin, reduced 3 muscle which is under our conscious control
movement and used mainly for movement
4 muscles which prevent undesired movements 4 the gastrocnemius
by prime movers and antagonists – also known 5 a muscle that produces movement by
as neutralisers contracting (shortening) also known as agonist
5 inflammation of the tendons attached to the
elbow
Answers Answers
1 interpreting the stimuli around us, depends on 1 a lack of oxygen in the working muscles
past experience and attention 2 when you can picture yourself from outside
2 our intellect, the ability to make sense of a your body – like watching yourself on film
situation 3 when you imagine and simulate the feeling of
3 fluent, coordinated, controlled, effortless, an activity
looks good, 4 when performers talk to themselves in a
4 related to improving the technique or the positive manner about past and future efforts
performance 5 when an athlete learns to be aware of the
5 concerned with the end result, eg win or lose tension in the muscles and then releases all
the tension – also known as the Jacobsen
technique
Answers Answers
1 simple/sugars, complex/starches 1 the maximum amount of oxygen an individual
2 carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fibre, fats, can take in and use in one minute
water, vitamins 2 the multi-stage fitness test (beep / bleep test)
3 50% 3 sit and reach test
4 a measure of the amount of energy we need at 4 weight divided by height squared
Rest 5 Cooper 12 minute run, Harvard Step Test
5 strength in your back, abdominal and pelvis
muscles

5. Questions Questions
1 What is tidal volume? 1 What does the word aerobic mean?
2 What is meant by the term specificity? 2 What does the word anaerobic mean?
3 What is meant by the term overload? 3 What type of physical actions does plyometrics
involve?
4 When will a performer experience
reversibility? 4 What are the two types of flexibility
(stretching) exercise called?
5 What do the initials FITT stand for?
5 Will interval training improve aerobic fitness,
anaerobic fitness or both?
Questions Questions
1 What is hypothermia? 1 What is meant by the term risk?
2 What is another name for ‘Fartlek’ training? 2 What is meant by the term hygiene?
3 What is a sprain and how is it caused? 3 What is athlete’s foot?
4 What is a risk assessment? 4 What is a blister?
5 What is a hazard? 5 How should a performer prevent dehydration?
Questions Questions
1 What is the definition of sport? 1 As a provider of sport who are the private
sector?
2 What is meant by the term leisure?
2 What are governing bodies?
3 What is meant by the term recreation?
3 What is the main function of UK Sport?
4 What are participation rates?
4 Name 3 specific barriers that prevent
5 what is meant by the term sports equity? participation in sport
5 In terms of sports provision, what is meant by
a target group?

6. Answers Answers
1 with oxygen 1 volume of air breathed in or out per breath
2 without oxygen 2 any training should be specific to the needs
3 bounding, hopping, leaping of the activity or type of sport involved
4 passive stretching and active stretching 3 making the body work harder than normal
5 both 4 when they stop training due to illness, injury
or lack of motivation
5 frequency, intensity, time, type
Answers Answers
1 the chances that somebody will be harmed 1 a drop in the body’s core temperature to
by a hazard 35 degrees Celsius or less
2 keeping clean in order to limit the chances of 2 ‘speed play’ training
infection and disease, good habits of personal 3 a tear to a ligament caused by an overstretch
washing and grooming 4 measuring the chances of an accident
3 a fungal infection of the feet, causes itchiness happening and planning to prevent it
4 a bubble of liquid (serum) that flows between 5 something that has the potential to cause
damaged skin layers harm
5 taking in fluids before and during prolonged
exercise
Answers Answers
1 companies who provide sports facilities to 1 competition between individuals or teams that
make a profit is organised and includes physical activity
2 committees who decide the rules and 2 time in which there is an opportunity for
regulations for their sport choice, time spent when not working
3 to provide support for elite performers 3 an enjoyable activity carried out in your leisure
4 age, gender, education, family, disability, time
ethnicity, religion, environment, climate 4 the number of people within a group who are
5 a group of people who may have low involved in sport compared with those who are
participation rates in sport and physical activity not
eg disabled people 5 concerned with the fairness in sport and
equality of access, recognising inequalities and
taking steps to address them

7. Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 What is involved in the process of evaluating 1 How would you apply the concept of
and improving? creativity to long jump?
2 What is meant by the process of making and 2 How would you apply the concept of creativity
applying decisions? to badminton?
3 What is meant by the process of making 3 Explain the use of trial and error learning.
informed choices about healthy, active
lifestyles?
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Explain the process of observational learning 1 Explain the effects of under-eating on
performance and participation
2 Explain how kinaesthetic awareness helps
Feedback 2 Describe the main benefits of a healthy, active
lifestyle
3 Explain why you would perform a ‘cool –down’
after exercise. 3 How would you use the Body Mass Index (BMI)
to assess a young person’s readiness for
exercise?
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Explain why it is important to abide by rules 1 Explain how assessment courses in PE
and codes of behaviour. (like GCSE PE)can help to promote an active,
healthy lifestyle
2 Describe what is involved in performing the
role of umpire or referee 2 How can the control of your emotions help
with the management of stress in physical
3 How would the British Olympic Association activities?
help you if you were an Olympic athlete?
3 How can an active lifestyle keep your muscles
Healthy?

8. Answers Answers
1 trying different techniques to find which one 1 being able to analyse a performance and
suits your own abilities then practising that one identify the strengths and weaknesses, making
until successful decisions about how to improve based on the
2 trying different tactics to see which one is the analysis
most effective eg playing shots close to the net 2 selecting and using the correct skills, tactics,
or towards the back of the court strategies and ideas effectively in a
3 sometimes called operant conditioning, performance
involves the shaping of behaviour through 3 identifying the types of physical activity that
reinforcement, if a reward is given when a are best suited to you and the types of role
certain behaviour takes place- learning is much that you might like to take on
faster
Answers Answers
1 causes muscle weakness, performance 1 observe a model performance (role model),
decreases in terms of stamina, speed, strength; paying attention to the important movements,
lack of energy available, low blood sugar, feel remembering the model that has been
faint, weaker bones due to loss of nutrients presented (visual image), repeat the skill
2 less prone to illness / disease, less prone to being observed t gain intrinsic feedback
injury, live longer, good mental health, positive 2 improves knowledge of performance or
self-esteem, improves enjoyment of activity, intrinsic feedback by providing information
improves social life, avoids obesity, avoids via proprioceptors eg balancing on a beam
fatigue 3 removes lactic acid, reduces risk of injury,
3 indicates how fit they are, can tell if they are decreases muscle soreness, prevents blood
overweight, identifies need for exercise, a pooling, gradually reduces heart rate and temp
score over 25 indicates overweight, over 40
indicates serious health risk, score between
18 – 15 more desirable, measurement of
weight divided by height squared
Answers Answers
1 raises awareness of positive reasons, having 1 prevents injury, less dangerous, everybody can
fun on the course can motivate person to lead enjoy activity, shows respect for everyone, not
healthy lifestyle, educates about health and letting team mates down, not to get sent off
fitness, helps to set goals for improved fitness, 2 need to concentrate and watch game, keep the
provides role models in school to motivate score, communicate with players and other
others, provides links with clubs outside school officials, ensure everyone keeps to the rules,
2 relaxes you, takes pressure off, keeps you have good knowledge of rules, make decisions
calm, reduces anxiety, less likely to be angry, under pressure, keep check on time
more focused on activity, less likely to be 3 might get selected for the team, organises kit
violent and facilities for you, organises training, helps
3 make them stronger, more powerful, more with funding, helps with travel, helps provide
toned, bigger (hypertrophy), less prone to top coaches
injury, improves endurance tire less easily

9. Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Describe the effects of lactic acid on muscles 1 Explain how the media influences those who
participate in physical activities
2 Explain how you might motivate a young
person to be involved as an official in a physical 2 Describe the training method of plyometrics
activity
3 Describe the main functions of the skeleton
that keep the body healthy and active
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Explain the function of synovial fluid in joints 1 Explain why a warm up in important before
Exercise
2 Give four ways in which a performer might
minimise the risk of injury 2 Describe the possible ‘pathways’ of
involvement in physical activities
3 Explain how Government initiatives related to
healthy active lifestyles can encourage people 3 Identify 2 positive and 2 negative effects of
to be healthy the family on participation in physical
activities
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Describe how schools influence young people 1 Identify three measures or indicators of
to get involved in physical activity as part of a someone’s health and well-being
healthy active lifestyle
2 Explain how vitamins contribute to our health
2 Describe circuit training
3 Explain how minerals contribute to our health

10. Answers Answers
1 media covers wide range of activities on a 1 causes fatigue/tiredness, may cause us to stop,
regular basis, encourages general interest, performer has to slow down / decrease in
promotes certain activities, promotes benefits effectiveness, can hurt / painful / soreness
of being active and healthy, promotes new 2 to try something different, give praise, give
or novel activities, media attracts sponsorship rewards / badges, to make money, to gain
which may provide more funding for increased qualifications, to get involved in an activity
participation, can be a negative influence if an even though they may not be a good
undesirable factor is linked to the activity performer, as a possible career, good for fun,
eg violence opportunity to make friends
2 involves bounding / hopping, depth jumping, 3 shape/support eg posture, red blood cell
muscles must work concentrically and production for energy, protection eg vital
eccentrically when athlete jumps onto and off organs, movement eg exercise in physical
boxes, very strenuous type of training, very activities, mineral production eg keep healthy
important to warm up
Answers Answers
1 increase muscle temp, improve performance, 1 lubricates the joint, protects from injury,
prepare body for exercise, increase blood ensures smooth movement/prevents friction,
supply, rehearse skills, mentally prepare, helps stabilise the joint
less chance if injury, increase flexibility 2 correct clothing/footwear, protective kit,
2 participating regularly in PE lessons, taking part follow health and safety rules, complete warm
in extra-curricular activities, coaching/teaching, up and cool down routines, carry equipment
officiating an activity, volunteering to help in correctly
an activity, as a career/professional 3 can help to tackle barriers to participation,
3 Positive: provide support, give advice, watch provides a simple message/easy to understand,
you, provide transport, buy equipment encourages people to share ideas and
Negative: show little interest, not watching, experiences, helps to motivate, parents can
poor role models, no financial support, push get more involved with their children, eg Top
you too hard Tips for Mums, Change4life, 5 a Day
Answers Answers
1 satisfaction with life, frequency of positive 1 teach PE as part of curriculum, stimulate
feelings, how active you are, how well you look Interest, make it exciting/fun, teach skills,
after yourself, number of friendships, good develop fitness to participate, offer exam
sleeping patterns, health screening (eg BMI) courses, provide extra-curricular clubs and
2 prevent infections/illness, help produce energy links to clubs outside school
helps body systems work effectively 2 series of exercises/stations of different
3 needed for strong/healthy bones/teeth/skin, activities, each exercise has its own repetitions
essential for blood/helps carry oxygen, whole circuit can be repeated, body weight is
essential for effective growth/development the usual resistance, skills as well as fitness
can be incorporated, periods of rest between
stations and/or circuits

11. Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Apart from Health Screening, identify three 1 Explain why old age might affect participation
other ways of assessing the body’s readiness in physical activity
for exercise
2 How would you assess someone’s readiness
2 Identify 2 reasons why it is good to follow an for cardiovascular exercise so that they can
active, healthy lifestyle participate in physical activities?
3 Explain how flexibility can influence following 3 Explain why carbohydrates are important for
a healthy, balanced lifestyle those who participate in a healthy lifestyle
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Explain reasons why teenagers often give up 1 How would you use extrinsic motivation to
on participating in physical activity and encourage a teenager to follow an active,
following an active, healthy lifestyle healthy lifestyle?
2 How can physical activity keep our joints 2 Explain how local provision can encourage
healthy? participation in physical activities
3 Explain how exercise can have a positive effect 3 Describe the difference between aerobic
on our heart and lungs and anaerobic exercise
Hurdle Questions Hurdle Questions
1 Explain how skills in physical activities can be 1 Explain why you would use a cool down after
learned effectively physical activity
2 Describe how you would evaluate someone’s 2 Explain what is meant by the term ‘overload’
performance and help them improve in a in terms of fitness training
physical activity
3 Explain what is meant by a skilled performer
3 Describe how you would use performance
goals to improve a player in an activity

12. Answers Answers
1 lack of mobility, lack of confidence, loss of 1 fitness tests, Bleep test, Cooper 12 min run,
self-esteem, discrimination, no role models, sit and reach test, grip test for strength,
lack of activities/facilities, poor transport sit up test for muscular endurance, agility/
2 ask them about their current health, use a balance/coordination test
Suitable test to assess fitness eg Bleep test or 2 able to exercise for long periods, stronger
12 min Cooper run, possibly use medical checks heart, live longer, less prone to injury/illness,
Eg heart rates/blood pressure recover more quickly, make more friends,
3 provides fast energy release (sugars), provides feel better
energy for long periods (carbo-loading), used 3 ensures good mobility, less prone to have a
as a fuel for cell respiration joint/muscular injury, gives you more options
to take part in more sports
Answers Answers
1 give praise/encouragement, badges/rewards, 1 lack of motivation, peer pressure, lack of
show them role models, show benefits to body opportunity, loss of self-esteem, lack of
image parental support, no role models
2 facilities provided by local authority/council, 2 strengthens the connective tissues,
gives wide variety of facilities, subsidise strengthens the muscles therefore helps the
activities to make them affordable, give taster joints stay healthy, maintains good mobility
courses, provide disabled access, advertise 3 lower resting HR, improved stroke volume
courses and activities, provide transport and cardiac output, better lung capacities,
3 aerobic: involves presence of oxygen, the prevents illness, quicker recovery from disease,
ability to exercise for long periods eg marathon exercise without risk of health problems
anaerobic: without the presence of oxygen,
short bursts of work eg sprinting
Answers Answers
1 to speed up removal of lactic acid, decreases 1 practice/rehearsal, copying others, role
chance of injury, decreases muscle soreness, models, trial and error, being taught, use of
prevents blood pooling, prevents dizziness rewards to motivate, through enjoyment
2 making the body work harder than normal to 2 observe them/video them, assess performance
place body under stress, achieved by increasing identify strengths and weaknesses, set targets
frequency, intensity or time of exercise to improve (SMARTER) use praise/rewards,
3 someone who makes it look effortless, they monitor progress, make further assessments,
look good (aesthetic), they are fluent, test for improvement
coordinated, controlled, display good 3 performance relates to technique of skills,
technique assess performance and set goal eg to improve
my forehand in tennis, could also relate to
tactics/strategies eg when is the best time to
use a dummy pass in rugby