1) Symmetric-key cryptography uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data but requires a secure way to share the secret key between parties.
2) Public-key cryptography addresses this issue by using different but mathematically linked public and private keys, allowing secure communication without pre-shared keys.
3) Digital signatures use public-key cryptography to authenticate senders, working by encrypting a digest of the message with the sender's private key that can be decrypted and verified using their public key.
The subject of passwords is important today since they protect all of your accounts, and are frequently attacked by crackers. In this presentation I examine the technology used to handle and protect passwords, and make recommendations for what the user can do to protect themselves online.
How do you make secure connections to Web sites? Can you be safe making connections and purchases online? This presentation will cover how security is achieved and give you suggestions for protecting yourself.
The subject of passwords is important today since they protect all of your accounts, and are frequently attacked by crackers. In this presentation I examine the technology used to handle and protect passwords, and make recommendations for what the user can do to protect themselves online.
How do you make secure connections to Web sites? Can you be safe making connections and purchases online? This presentation will cover how security is achieved and give you suggestions for protecting yourself.
OSDC 2014: Michael Renner - Secure encryption in a wiretapped futureNETWAYS
Since the beginning of publications by Edward Snowden last year many of the presumedly exaggerated threat models in cryptography have become reality. When operating sensitive services it's more likely than not that communcation data will be tapped at large carriers as well as internet exchanges and stored indefinitily - this calls for strong and forward-secure encryption.
On the other hand we're faced with the problem that much of the software we're using in the datacenter today is not very secure when it comes to default encryption settings. On top of that, most developers and system administrators are not very fluent in the basic workings of encryption systems.
The talk will give an introduction to SSL/TLS and explain how to check for weaknesses in existing services with tools like nmap, sslscan and sslyze. For common daemons like apache, nginx, exim, postfix and dovecot best practice on improving cryptographic strength will be discussed.
Our wish here is to present some functional components, which are essential to the implementation of cryptographic protocols, such as those underlying the BlockChain.
BeeBryte - Energy Intelligence & Automation
www.beebryte.com
Cryptography is a technique used today hiding any confidential information from the attack of an intruder. Today data communication mainly depends upon digital data communication, where prior requirement is data security, so that data should reach to the intended user. The protection of multimedia data, sensitive information like credit cards, banking transactions and social security numbers is becoming very important. The protection of these confidential data from unauthorized access can be done with many encryption techniques. So for providing data security many cryptography techniques are employed, such as symmetric and asymmetric techniques. In this review paper different asymmetric cryptography techniques, such as RSA (Rivest Shamir and Adleman), Diffie-Hellman, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) are analyzed. Also in this paper, a survey on existing work which uses different techniques for image encryption is done and a general introduction about cryptography is also given. This study extends the performance parameters used in encryption processes and analyzing on their security issues.
OSDC 2014: Michael Renner - Secure encryption in a wiretapped futureNETWAYS
Since the beginning of publications by Edward Snowden last year many of the presumedly exaggerated threat models in cryptography have become reality. When operating sensitive services it's more likely than not that communcation data will be tapped at large carriers as well as internet exchanges and stored indefinitily - this calls for strong and forward-secure encryption.
On the other hand we're faced with the problem that much of the software we're using in the datacenter today is not very secure when it comes to default encryption settings. On top of that, most developers and system administrators are not very fluent in the basic workings of encryption systems.
The talk will give an introduction to SSL/TLS and explain how to check for weaknesses in existing services with tools like nmap, sslscan and sslyze. For common daemons like apache, nginx, exim, postfix and dovecot best practice on improving cryptographic strength will be discussed.
Our wish here is to present some functional components, which are essential to the implementation of cryptographic protocols, such as those underlying the BlockChain.
BeeBryte - Energy Intelligence & Automation
www.beebryte.com
Cryptography is a technique used today hiding any confidential information from the attack of an intruder. Today data communication mainly depends upon digital data communication, where prior requirement is data security, so that data should reach to the intended user. The protection of multimedia data, sensitive information like credit cards, banking transactions and social security numbers is becoming very important. The protection of these confidential data from unauthorized access can be done with many encryption techniques. So for providing data security many cryptography techniques are employed, such as symmetric and asymmetric techniques. In this review paper different asymmetric cryptography techniques, such as RSA (Rivest Shamir and Adleman), Diffie-Hellman, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) are analyzed. Also in this paper, a survey on existing work which uses different techniques for image encryption is done and a general introduction about cryptography is also given. This study extends the performance parameters used in encryption processes and analyzing on their security issues.
Penilaian keterampilan adalah suatu penilaian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengaplikasikan pengetahuan untuk melakukan tugas tertentudi dalam berbagai macam konteks sesuai dengan indikator pencapaian kompetensi.
Security everywhere digital signature and digital fingerprint v1 (personal)Paul Yang
This is the slide I used to train people about the security concepts, such as digital signature and digital fingerprint.
I tried to use friendly way to explain the topic with animation and many example in real life.
Hope it helps for you.
In this talk, I will explain the foundations of the TLS protocol: symmetric encryption, digital signature, PKI, and how these concepts come together to secure your network connections
Encryption protects your privacy and is essential for communication. However encryption is sometimes complicated and hard to use. I want to discuss what encryption is, how it is used, and make it easy for everyone to use. I will show what tools are available under linux for protecting communications, hard drives, and web browsing.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
2. Symmetric-key Cryptography
• Data encrypted and decrypted with same key
• Classical examples: Caesar cipher, one-time pad,
Enigma Machine
3. Symmetric-key Cryptography: Drawbacks
• How do the parties get the shared, secret key?
• How do we transmit this or establish it securely?
• Must have some secret or ‘offline’ way of sending the secret.
• This is really hard to do in some situations…
• You could read it to them over the phone, but someone
could be tapping your phone in addition to your internet
connection.
• How can we both get the shared secret?
4. Public Key Cryptography
Each user has a keypair, consisting of a
public and private key
• Anything encrypted with one key may only be
decrypted by the other.
• To make message readable only by B, encrypt
message using B's public key
5. Where we are now…
• We can send coded messages without having to
establish any shared secret keys between us
ahead of time.
• There’s another exciting application of this
technology from the fact that Public and Private
keys can be used to decode one another (no
matter which is used to encode in the first place).
• But why would someone code a message with
their private key. Anyone in the world could use
their public key to decode it…
6. Digital Signatures I
• Well, what would the receiver know about the
sender of a message if Bob Smith’s public key
can decode the message?
• Whoever sent the message had Bob Smith’s
private key… (So, it was probably Bob Smith.)
• We’re no longer keeping the contents of a
message secret. Now we have found a way to
verify who was the sender of a message.
• Also, we know that nobody but Bob Smith
modified the contents of the message along the
way. (So, it’s intact and how Bob last saw it.)
7. Digital Signatures II
Using Public-Key Crypto for Strong Authentication
• Switch the roles of the keys
• Encrypt with Private key ("signing")
• Decrypt with Public key ("verifying" )
• Anyone (B) can read the message,
• But only A could have generated it
8. Digital Signatures III
• But there’s a problem… The Encoding/Decoding
step for public/private key cryptography is really
slow.
• For secret agents and governments and people
who really care about the secrecy of their
message, this isn’t a big deal.
• But for a lot of people who’d just like a digital
signature, this slowness almost makes it not
worthwhile to use the technology.
9. Digital Signatures IV
• What if we only encrypt a part of the message?
But then someone could go in and change the
non-signed part, and we’d never know if Bob
Smith really did that.
• What if there was some good way to calculate
some compressed or smaller form of the text and
then encrypt/sign that?
• But the smaller piece of text (or “digest”) would
have to reflect the whole text in some way or else
we have the same forgery problem as above.
There are ways to do this…
12. A Digitally Signed Message (PGP)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----Dear Alice: I'm getting very tired of cryptographers talking
about us behind our back. Why can't they keep their
nosesin their own affairs?!
Really, it's enough to make me paranoid.
Sincerely,
Bob
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----Version: 2.6.2
iQB1AwUBL4XFS2F2HFbSU7RpAQEqsQMAvo3mETurtUnLBL
zCj9/U8oOQg/T7iQcJvzMedbCfdR6ah8sErMV+3VRid64o2h2
XwlKAWpfVcC+2v5pba+BPvd86KIP1xRFIe3ipmDnMaYP+iV
bxxBPVELundZZw7IRE=Xvrc
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
13. But we’ve made an assumption here…
• We’ve assumed that there’s an easy and accurate
way to look up the public key for someone.
• What if some imposter just makes a web page,
claims to be Bob Smith, and publishes a public
key that is supposedly for Bob Smith (but it’s
really for them).
• Now this imposter could send us e-mails, sign
them as Bob Smith, and we might now know the
difference.
14. Verify a Public Key…
• How can we know that the public key we look up
for someone really is the correct public key for
that person. (And not just some key put up by an
imposter who’s pretending to be Bob Smith.)
• Well, there’s companies that make a big business
out of this. They keep secure registries of
listings of actual people and corporations and
store a copy of their official public key.
• You can go to this trusted company and know
you’re getting the right public key for Bob Smith.
15. A lot of business for one company…
• But there could be millions of times a day that
people need to check digital signatures. This
could just overwhelm some company.
• So, the one company can also verify that a
second company is also a trustworthy place to
ask about people’s public keys.
• So, now future requests for verification of public
keys can go to these sub-companies.
16. Chain of Trust I
• There’s a “Chain of Trust.” Start with a ‘root’ and
grow the trust tree/chain until we find a company
that is willing to verify Bob Smith’s public key.
VeriSign
Microsoft
MSN
Bob Smith
17. Chain of Trust II
• There’s a “Chain of Trust.” Start with a ‘root’ and
grow the trust tree/chain until we find a company
that is willing to verify Bob Smith’s public key.
VeriSign
Microsoft
Sheila Roy
MSN
Bob Smith
18. That slowness problem…
• So, we’ve seen:
• Symmetric Cryptography – Fast.
• Asymmetric (or Public Key) Cryptography – Slow.
• Digital Signatures (which use Private/Public Keys)
—Chains of Trust of public key verification.
• We also saw how to deal with the slowness issue
for digital signatures. (Using a “digest.”)
• Is there any way we can compensate for
slowness in the general message encoding task?
• Can we get the speed of symmetric cryptography?
• With the convenience of public key cryptography?
19. What’s the problem with each?
• Asymmetric is slower than symmetric.
• Symmetric is hard to use because you need a
secret/secure way to agree on your shared key.
• What if we use the slow asymmetric cryptography
to send a very short message:
We send the secret shared key for symmetric.
• Then we use symmetric crypto from then on.
“Secure Socket Layer” Coding.
20. Secure Socket Layer
• Used by most websites for secure connections
and for financial transactions to keep info safe.
• Encrypts the info you send to the site and the
info it sends to you. It also authenticates that the
site you are connected to is really who you think
it is.
• You can tell that this is being used when you see
the little yellow padlock icon in Internet Explorer.
• SSL uses Symmetric crypto, Asymmetric crypto,
and Digital Signatures.
21. How does SSL Work? (1)
• Go to a website for a financial transaction.
• It sends you a ‘certificate’ claiming to be some
organization and claiming to have some public
key.
• Your browser uses a chain of trust until it finds a
site you trust to will “vouch” for the accuracy of
the certificate the website sent you.
• Now, you know that the Amazon.com site you are
looking at is really authentic. You also know the
public key for Amazon; so, you can send it stuff.
22. How does SSL Work? (2)
• Now you can send stuff to Amazon securely
using asymmetric public/private key
cryptography. But this is a bit slow.
• What do you send them? SHARED SECRET KEY.
• If you both have this shared secret key, you can
now use symmetric cryptography to do the rest
of the transaction and send info in both
directions. Symmetric crypto is a lot faster than
asymmetric.
23. Look at a web page with a certificate…
• Check out www.citizensbank.com.
• Go to the Personal Banking Log-in Page.
• File: Properties: Certificates.
• This webpage is digitally signed by the bank so
that you know it is the official bank web page and
not some kind of imposter.
• In this case, a ‘root’ has directly verified the
bank’s public key.
24. Key length and security in real use
• How could we break each part of this?
• Factoring is the method to break public/private
keys; to break a 1024-bit private key, one would
need to factor an integer of length 1024 bits (or
over 300 decimal digits), which is well beyond
what anybody has done to date (currently people
can factor numbers of about 130 digits with lots
of computing power and time ….)
(from RSA Security)
25. Key length and security in real use II
But one can also attack encryption by trying to break the
symmetric key…. Here, there’s no math trick to break it.
You just try all the possible keys.
But adding just one bit to the length of a symmetric key
doubles the number of possible keys and the amount of
time that is needed to find the right one.
For example, the number of possible keys in a 56-bit
encrypted message is about 72 quadrillion keys, or
72,057,594,037,927,936.
Symmetric keys typically have lengths between 40 and 128
bits. Public keys typically have lengths between 512 and
2048 bits. Both the symmetric and public keys need to be
long enough to withstand an attack.
(from RSA Security)
26. So We’ve Seen…
• Symmetric Crypto – Fast, but hard to share secret
• Asymmetric Crypto – Slow but easier to set up
• Digital Signatures –
Uses Asymmetric, Digests, Chains of Trust
• Secure Socket Layer – Uses all three of the above
techniques to allow people to authenticate the
sender of a web page and conduct secure
business with it without having to use a lot of
slow asymmetric cryptography.