This study aimed to compare the perspectives of Generation 2000 (born 1982-2002) and their parents on whether Generation 2000 is addicted to e-communication in Turkey. Surveys were administered to 1,784 university students from Generation 2000 and 2,240 of their parents. Generation 2000 reported a low level of e-communication addiction, while their parents perceived a high level of addiction. However, the results were not conclusive on e-communication addiction for Generation 2000. Perspectives differed between the groups in terms of age, internet use frequency, gender, and age.
THE VICES OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS SUCCESS AT THE ADAMAWA STATE POLYTECHNI...ijcsit
Social media and social networking web sites have continued to gain supremacy in determining the
student’s success in education. It captures the attention of students and their tutors over the years. A social
media network is only an electronic links amongst its users which turned out to be a habit for students,
youngsters,
and even the grown person. The influence of social media on students is alarming and doing more harm
than good. The aim of the paper is to analyze the vices of social media on the academic success of students
of Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola. The survey method of research was adopted to achieve the objectives
of the study. Some research questions were presented to the respondents where the results revealed that so
many (96 percent of them) usually spent much time on the social networking sites than to their academics.
As such, the academic success of the students suffers setbacks which lead to poor performance in the
student’s academics. It is therefore recommended that the networking sites should be built in such a way to
support student’s educational activities in a positive way, as this will help in attracting the students to ge
Prospective U.S. Mathematics Teachers' Engagement in Handheld Cellular Device...Dr. Mokter Hossain
This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data that examine the prospective U.S. mathematics teachers’ engagement in the use of the Internet, hand-held cellular devices, and Web 2.0 activities and their perception of using these technologies for the teaching and learning of Euclidean geometry and other mathematics courses. The study revealed that prospective mathematics teachers in the U.S. have massive engagement in accessing the Internet and Web 2.0-based activities through cellular and handheld mobile devices as well as in their self-reported skills in using Internet, without any significant differences based on their gender. Prospective mathematics teachers experienced numerous advantages and a few minor problems of the blogging activity as a supportive tool in the Euclidean Geometry course. They found blogs a supportive and useful tool for collaborative teaching and learning purposes. Thus, they suggest that blogs and other Web 2.0 tools should be incorporated in the middle and high school mathematics education curricula.
MOBILE AND YOUTH. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF MOBILESsaid masoud
The invention of the fixed telephone in the late 19th century in the United States changed the way that people interacted and communicated. This has been paralleled in the early 21st century by the advent of the mobile phone. The mobile phone was originally created for adults for business use (Aoki & Downes, 2003). This is extremely similar to the fixed telephone in the early 20th century, where telephone engineers explained that the telephone was made for the business world and not for social conversation (Flinchy, 1997).
THE VICES OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS SUCCESS AT THE ADAMAWA STATE POLYTECHNI...ijcsit
Social media and social networking web sites have continued to gain supremacy in determining the
student’s success in education. It captures the attention of students and their tutors over the years. A social
media network is only an electronic links amongst its users which turned out to be a habit for students,
youngsters,
and even the grown person. The influence of social media on students is alarming and doing more harm
than good. The aim of the paper is to analyze the vices of social media on the academic success of students
of Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola. The survey method of research was adopted to achieve the objectives
of the study. Some research questions were presented to the respondents where the results revealed that so
many (96 percent of them) usually spent much time on the social networking sites than to their academics.
As such, the academic success of the students suffers setbacks which lead to poor performance in the
student’s academics. It is therefore recommended that the networking sites should be built in such a way to
support student’s educational activities in a positive way, as this will help in attracting the students to ge
Prospective U.S. Mathematics Teachers' Engagement in Handheld Cellular Device...Dr. Mokter Hossain
This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data that examine the prospective U.S. mathematics teachers’ engagement in the use of the Internet, hand-held cellular devices, and Web 2.0 activities and their perception of using these technologies for the teaching and learning of Euclidean geometry and other mathematics courses. The study revealed that prospective mathematics teachers in the U.S. have massive engagement in accessing the Internet and Web 2.0-based activities through cellular and handheld mobile devices as well as in their self-reported skills in using Internet, without any significant differences based on their gender. Prospective mathematics teachers experienced numerous advantages and a few minor problems of the blogging activity as a supportive tool in the Euclidean Geometry course. They found blogs a supportive and useful tool for collaborative teaching and learning purposes. Thus, they suggest that blogs and other Web 2.0 tools should be incorporated in the middle and high school mathematics education curricula.
MOBILE AND YOUTH. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF MOBILESsaid masoud
The invention of the fixed telephone in the late 19th century in the United States changed the way that people interacted and communicated. This has been paralleled in the early 21st century by the advent of the mobile phone. The mobile phone was originally created for adults for business use (Aoki & Downes, 2003). This is extremely similar to the fixed telephone in the early 20th century, where telephone engineers explained that the telephone was made for the business world and not for social conversation (Flinchy, 1997).
Internet causes some challeges as well as it gives adolescents some opportunities. One of the most important negative effect of Internet usage is Problematic Internet Using (PIU). PIU can be defined as “use of the Internet that creates psychological, social, school, and/or work difficulties in a person's life”. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the differentiation situation of PIU levels with respect to gender, age, Internet usage time, having a tablet, computer, smartphone, Internet access at home and purpose of Internet usage. Analyses are created with t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The Results has shown that PIU level is higher for boys, older age, have higher Internet usage time, Internet access at home, a computer, a smartphone and use the Internet for entertainment. In addition, groups using the Internet for entertainment have higher PIU level than those who do not use Internet for these purposes. Backwords, the groups using the Internet for doing homework/school project, searching a subject for his/her own personal interest and for reading have lower PIU level than those who do not use the Internet for these purposes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed
Impact of Social Media among Students’ Behaviors in Tertiary Institution of A...IJSRP Journal
The impact of social media among students behavior in tertiary institution has become worrisome. Social media is a means of connections among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and network. This craze for social media has led to a host of question regarding its impact among students behavior particularly in tertiary institution. This paper is set to study the impact of social media among students in tertiary institution in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A 5 likert scale questionnaire comprises of 19 questions was used as an instrument for data collection. 300 respondents sampled from 6 selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State formed the population of the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that social media has positive impact as well as negative impact on students behavior. The study further recommended that students need to be trained on better usage of social media so as to minimize its misused, School management should train and encourage students on how to use skype and other video conferencing tools to have discussion with lecturers and group members academically.
-Identify the uses for mobile devices and the implications it has in today’s classrooms.
-Discover sites, tools, apps and resources
-What critical 21st century skills can be mastered when using mobile devices?
An Examinatin of Recreational Sports Programs in Turkeyinventionjournals
Turkey is one of the most important centers where every kind of recreational sports can be done because of its geographical position. In this study, we aim to draw attention to Turkey’s rich natural and cultural areas and show that Turkey is a suitable region for sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. The number of sports activities aimed at recreational purposes have recently increased. The most requested sector in sports industry is sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. Turkey is a wonderful place with its three sea sides, Lakesand Rivers. Four seasons can be seen at the same time in Turkey. For example, it can be possible to both swim and ski at the same time in some regions of Turkey. Not only the domestic but also the foreign demand to the sports activities aimed at recreational purposes in Turkey is increasing highly with the increase of the economic standards. While the number of foreign tourists was 16.3 million in 2003, 0.96 % of them consisted of the visitors who came with the purpose of sports. According to the data of Turkey Statistics Institute, even if all tourists who came with the aim of sports, education and culture was shown in the same group, the general opinion in the sector was that the rate of the tourists who came with the aim of sports was 1.5% compared to the normal tourists. According to Turkish Ministry of Tourism, the number of foreign tourists who came to Turkey reached the amount of 36.8 million. This means that the number of those who came in the frame of sports tourism was more than 552.000. In conclusion; Turkey has been continuing to develop in the field of sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. It is thought that especially the domestic demand to the sports aimed at recreational purposes will be an important factor for the development of this field. Still urban sedentary lifestyle pushes people to do sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. The domestic efforts in the field of sports aimed at recreational purposes will not only meet the need of trained personnel, but also leads the foreign tourists who have come to the country.
Internet causes some challeges as well as it gives adolescents some opportunities. One of the most important negative effect of Internet usage is Problematic Internet Using (PIU). PIU can be defined as “use of the Internet that creates psychological, social, school, and/or work difficulties in a person's life”. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the differentiation situation of PIU levels with respect to gender, age, Internet usage time, having a tablet, computer, smartphone, Internet access at home and purpose of Internet usage. Analyses are created with t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The Results has shown that PIU level is higher for boys, older age, have higher Internet usage time, Internet access at home, a computer, a smartphone and use the Internet for entertainment. In addition, groups using the Internet for entertainment have higher PIU level than those who do not use Internet for these purposes. Backwords, the groups using the Internet for doing homework/school project, searching a subject for his/her own personal interest and for reading have lower PIU level than those who do not use the Internet for these purposes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed
Impact of Social Media among Students’ Behaviors in Tertiary Institution of A...IJSRP Journal
The impact of social media among students behavior in tertiary institution has become worrisome. Social media is a means of connections among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and network. This craze for social media has led to a host of question regarding its impact among students behavior particularly in tertiary institution. This paper is set to study the impact of social media among students in tertiary institution in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A 5 likert scale questionnaire comprises of 19 questions was used as an instrument for data collection. 300 respondents sampled from 6 selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State formed the population of the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that social media has positive impact as well as negative impact on students behavior. The study further recommended that students need to be trained on better usage of social media so as to minimize its misused, School management should train and encourage students on how to use skype and other video conferencing tools to have discussion with lecturers and group members academically.
-Identify the uses for mobile devices and the implications it has in today’s classrooms.
-Discover sites, tools, apps and resources
-What critical 21st century skills can be mastered when using mobile devices?
An Examinatin of Recreational Sports Programs in Turkeyinventionjournals
Turkey is one of the most important centers where every kind of recreational sports can be done because of its geographical position. In this study, we aim to draw attention to Turkey’s rich natural and cultural areas and show that Turkey is a suitable region for sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. The number of sports activities aimed at recreational purposes have recently increased. The most requested sector in sports industry is sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. Turkey is a wonderful place with its three sea sides, Lakesand Rivers. Four seasons can be seen at the same time in Turkey. For example, it can be possible to both swim and ski at the same time in some regions of Turkey. Not only the domestic but also the foreign demand to the sports activities aimed at recreational purposes in Turkey is increasing highly with the increase of the economic standards. While the number of foreign tourists was 16.3 million in 2003, 0.96 % of them consisted of the visitors who came with the purpose of sports. According to the data of Turkey Statistics Institute, even if all tourists who came with the aim of sports, education and culture was shown in the same group, the general opinion in the sector was that the rate of the tourists who came with the aim of sports was 1.5% compared to the normal tourists. According to Turkish Ministry of Tourism, the number of foreign tourists who came to Turkey reached the amount of 36.8 million. This means that the number of those who came in the frame of sports tourism was more than 552.000. In conclusion; Turkey has been continuing to develop in the field of sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. It is thought that especially the domestic demand to the sports aimed at recreational purposes will be an important factor for the development of this field. Still urban sedentary lifestyle pushes people to do sports activities aimed at recreational purposes. The domestic efforts in the field of sports aimed at recreational purposes will not only meet the need of trained personnel, but also leads the foreign tourists who have come to the country.
En esta presentación, encontraran dos posibles retos a desarrollar, ya sea ustedes mismos, con amigos o estudiantes. El primero está pensado en niños de tercer grado de educación primaria y otro para estudiantes de cuarto grado.
A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON THE VALUE STRUCTURE OF MOBILE INTERNET USAGE: COMPA...Ranti Yulia Wardani
Abstract: This study aims to examine the usage a pattern of mobile Internet from perspective of intercultural among developing countries. Data obtained from a survey of questionnaire which is distributed in both Thailand and Indonesia during 2013. The multiple regression analysis has been applied to identify between value structures (functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value) and overall satisfaction in each country. Finding shows that functional value, emotional value, social value, and monetary value significantly affect satisfaction for Indonesia users which is similar to Thai users except the emotional value does not affect the satisfaction. A comparison test to examine the difference in value structure between Indonesia and Thailand has been analyzed. The results show that the functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value between Indonesia and Thailand are different. The results of these differences are influenced by the perceptions of respondents in Indonesia and Thailand to the different mobile Internet usage pattern. In this case it turns out different cultures influence the way in perceiving the use of different technologies, especially in the mobile Internet usage pattern.
The Usage and Understanding of Information and Communication Technology on Ho...inventionjournals
The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the usage and understanding of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Manado City and relationship between the profile of the housewives with internet usage. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire, with 50 housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment Manado City as a respondent and obtained by purposive sampling. The analysis used in this research is descriptive and verification with SPSS Version 23. The results showed that the use of internet on the housewives who actively organize in PKK of Manado City reached 68% which 60% using their smartphone; internet access is done every day by 67,65% housewives; internet usage is still limited to the use of social media, where 56% admitted spending their time to open social networking sites; 50% for information, while the use of email is limited to 22%, online shopping 10% and only 2% using their internet to enter world of banking; all survey respondents feel that ICT has an important function in anticipating globalization, where the positive and negative aspects of ICT also become a concern for respondents and they agreed on the importance of training in order to equip themselves; age significantly effect on the use of internet, while education and income are not significant.
Hindsight Imbalance Online and Offline Life: Qualitative Feedback from Online...Dr Poonsri Vate-U-Lan
Vate-U-Lan, Poonsri. (2015, 20-21 July). “Hindsight Imbalance Online and Offline Life: Qualitative Feedback from Online Self Disclosure in Thailand.” In The Sixth International E-Learning Conference 2015 (IEC2015), “Global Trends in Digital Learning”, Bangkok, Thailand: The Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education.
Digital technologies are changing the world in all walks of life, including the way we learn, think, and work. They have grown exponentially and their use has globalized. As technologies get cheaper, access to the Internet has become easier and affordable for people worldwide Youths around the world are the most active users of technologies and they are transforming our world through the power of technologies. Many experts use the term “digital native” to describe these young adults now entering the workplace. It is estimated that by 2050, digital natives will make up more than half the entire adult population of the world. Digital natives are receiving increasing attention and recognition from both national and international policy makers. This paper provides an overview of digital natives around the world. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Digital Natives around the World" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50357.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/50357/digital-natives-around-the-world/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Midway to the deadline for the 2030 education targets, the 2024 Gender Report due out on Girls in ICT day (25 April) assesses the progress made towards achieving gender parity across all levels of education. While examples of stubborn exclusion remain, the report tells a positive story at the global level for girls’ access and education attainment over the past two decades. A companion to the 2023 GEM Report, A tool on whose terms?, this gender edition asks in what circumstances technology is helping with gender equality in education. While in some instances technology can provide a lifeline for girls otherwise altogether excluded from education, there remain gender divides in access to technology and acquisition of digital skills.
Sustainable digital communication using perceived enjoyment with a technology...Rula alsawalqa
The technology acceptance model (TAM) has garnered considerable attention within higher education in Jordan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we still need to understand how to progress the TAM to enhance educational sustainability. “Perceived enjoyment” (PE) is a significant predictor of perceived ease of use, intention to use technology, use e-learning systems for educational sustainability, and attitudes toward using the TAM. This study aims to reveal the role of sustainable digital communication using PE with the TAM within higher education in Jordan. An online survey was conducted using a random sample of students at the University of Jordan, which reached 576 participants. The results of a subsequent path analysis of the survey data revealed that PE, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward using digital communication strategies were dominant in affecting student intention to use sustainable digital communication. We found that the students would like to use digital communication strategies due to their ease of use and because they can enhance self-education. However, students need to enhance their usage skills, and to better understand digital communication strategies. Moreover, we found that the TAM, PE, perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived usefulness (PU) immediately and favorably affect attitudes toward usage (ATU) and behavioral intention (BI). PEU negatively affected the intention of students to use technology through ATU, while PE had a significant impact on the PU, PEU, ATU, and BI of using digital communication strategies. Information and communication technologies (ICT) developers in the Jordanian Higher Education environment should create systems that are user-friendly and pertinent to the sustainability of student education, to raise their perceived ease of use. Managers should also encourage students to use ICT.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Perspectives of Generation 2000 and Their Parents on ECommunication Addiction in Turkey
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 11||November. 2016 || PP.51-61
www.ijhssi.org 51 | Page
Perspectives of Generation 2000 and Their Parents on E-
Communication Addiction in Turkey
Hasan Latif1
, C. Gazi Uçkun2
, Öznur Gökkaya3
, Barış Demir4
1
Faculty of Management, Sakarya University
2
Vocational School of Hereke Ömer İsmet Uzunyol
3
Vocational School of Hereke
4
Vocational School of Hereke Ömer İsmet Uzunyol
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Turkey held a leading position in the use of e-social networks in 2014; thus, it is
worthwhile to research e-communication addiction in this country. Aim: To answer the question as to whether
Generation 2000 in Turkey is addicted to e-communication, we researched the topic from two perspectives.
Method: For the first perspective, a sample was chosen from among university students from Generation 2000
(N=1784). For the second perspective, a sample was chosen from among parents in the previous generation
(N=2240). Result and Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, the views of Generation 2000 and
their parents differ with regard to whether Generation 2000 is addicted to e-communication. Generation 2000
believes that they have a low level (Total Xaverage=2.50) of e-communication addiction. In contrast, their parents
feel that Generation 2000 has a high level (Total Xaverage=3.41) of e-communication addiction. Discussion: The
general results of the research do not permit us to conclusively state that Generation 2000 in Turkey is addicted
to e-communication. However, can we conclude that Generation 2000 in Turkey is not addicted to e-
communication? We can only state that this is the case for now. Our findings reveal significant differences with
respect to age and frequency of internet use in the perspectives of members of Generation 2000 on whether their
generation is addicted to e-communication. In their parents' generation, perspectives on this issue differ
significantly by gender and age.
Keywords: e-communication addiction, addictive behavior, Generation 2000, parents, e-communication in
Turkey
I. INTRODUCTION
The internet revolution has created Generation 2000 (millenials). Today, e-communication is used
primarily by Generation 2000. Naturally, this generation is subject to the psychosocial impact of e-
communication, and the negative effects of opportunities provided by e-communication technologies are
discussed more often than their benefits (Walther, Van Der Heide, Ramirez, Burgoon & Peña, 2015, p. 5; De
Leo & Wulfert, 2013; Brunelle et al., 2012; Thatcher, 2012, p. 103; O‟Brien, 2012; Andreassen, Torsheim,
Brunborg & Pallesen, 2012; Gee & Hayes, 2011; Hantula, Kock, D‟Arcy & DeRosa, 2011, p. 343; Tao et al.,
2010; Dijk, 2007, p.54; Ko et al., 2005; Griffiths, 2005; Bargh & McKenna, 2004; Shapira et al., 2003; Nie &
Hillygus, 2002; Nie, 2001; Davis, 2001; Beard & Wolf, 2001; Dietz-Uhler & Bishop-Clark, 2001; Pratarelli,
Browne & Johnson, 1999; Greenfield 1999a, 1999b; Young, 1996; Walther, 1992).
With regard to the negative psychosocial effects of e-communication, a primary concern is unhealthy
or excessive use of e-social networks by Generation 2000. Although the direct target of this concern is
Generation 2000, the parents of Generation 2000 are the indirect target of the problem. Parents are an important
consideration when addressing this problem. The importance of parents' perspectives is increasingly clear, and
their ideas are more important than ever. Parents observe Generation 2000 very closely. Because parents from
the previous generation lived in the pre-internet and e-social network period, they can identify behaviors
associated with e-communication use. Conflicts arise between older-generation parents and Generation 2000
with regard to excess or unhealthy use of e-communication. Hence, the subject of e-communication addiction
among Generation 2000 in Turkey will be researched by comparing the views of Generation 2000 with those of
their parents' generation.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Technological developments have radically changed communication media over the past 25 years. The
internet revolution was an important milestone of this period. The internet did not develop suddenly; rather, it
arose from previous conditions (Internet History 1962, n.d.; Leiner et al., n.d; Husson, 2012; Chrisafis, 2012).
The year 1990 can be considered the beginning. Over time, the internet and other e-communication technologies
(e-social networks, smartphones, etc.) were more widely adopted (Steele & Carter, 2002) and entered every area
of life.
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The use of the internet and e-social network increases every day throughout the world. The
International Telegraph Union (ITU) predicted that internet users in the world would reach 3 billion people by
the end of 2014 (ITU, 2014), but this number was passed, with an actual total of 3,037,608,300 (İnternet live
Stats, n.d.a.). This total corresponds to 40% of the world‟s population. In 2014, 1.79 billion people in the world
used e-social networks. It was predicted that this number would reach 1.96 billion by the end of 2015 and 2.44
billion people by the end of 2018 (Statista, 2015a). Today, the huge research and development budgets for
network technologies (Digital Agenda For Europe, 2015; NITRD, 2015) suggest that these technologies will
become more diversified, developed, and popular.
Social structures have always been affected by technology (Fisher, 1992, p. 7). Changes in social
interaction as a result of the internet continue (Kraut et al., 1998). According to Castells (2000), a new society
has emerged from this period: the network society. E-communication technologies have reduced the importance
of time and place (Rosnay, 2000; Kolko, 2000). Following one-to-one communication, a communication model
from one point to multiple points has emerged. The internet has provided masses-to-masses and masses-to-
person communication (Morris & Ogan, 2006).
In particular, with the help of smart phones, the internet has become mobile, enabling continuous
communication. In 2014, the number of smartphone users in the world was estimated as 1.44 billion. It is
assumed that this number will increase steadily in the coming years, reaching 2.56 billion people by 2018
(Statista, 2015b). The number of mobile telephone subscribers in Turkey was 71,908,742 as of the end of
September of 2014 (TÜİK, n.d.a). As of the end of 2014, the number of internet subscribers using mobile
telephones was over 31 million people (“Cep kullanıcı sayısı”, 2015). Smart phones are used mostly for
connecting to e-social networks in Turkey (Statista, 2015c). E-communication mobility has spread and increased
the use of electronic social networks. In Turkey, 92% of internet users use e-social networks. In 2014, Turkey
became a world leader in the use of e-social networks (Consumer Barometer with Google, n.d.). As of 1 July
2014, 46.62% of Turkey‟s population are internet users. Turkey ranks 17th
in the world in terms of the number
of internet users (Internet Live Stats, n.d.b.).
In Turkey, computer use starts at 8 years old on average and internet use starts at 9 years old on
average (TÜİK, 2013a). According to April 2015 data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), computer
use among the 16-74 age group was 54.8%. Internet use was 55.9% (TÜİK, 2015a). Computer use is 64%
among men and 45.6% among women. Internet use is 65.8% among men and 46.1% among women. One point
draws attention here: even though the number of women and men looks equal among Turkey‟s population
(TÜİK, 2015b), it seems that the percentages of computer and internet use are not equal by gender. The TÜİK
2015 data (ICT usage survey in households and individuals, 2014-2015) reveal another interesting finding: the
high percentage of people who do not use computers and the internet. In Turkey, the percentage of people who
do not use a computer is 45.2% and the percentage of people who do not use the internet is 44.1%. The
percentage of men who do not use the computer is 36%, and the percentage of women is 54.4%. The percentage
of men who do not use the internet is 34.2%, and the percentage of women is 53.9% (TÜİK, n.d.b). It seems that
the use of e-communication technologies reveals a different dimension of male-female inequality.
The developments provided by e-communication technologies carried socialization efforts from social
networks to e-social networks (Zhao, 2006; Jennings & Wartella, 2004, p. 605). E-social networks are first
among the reasons for internet use in Turkey. In the first quarter of 2015, 80.9% of internet users logged onto e-
social networks (TÜİK, 2015a). As of the fourth quarter of 2014, Facebook (26%) was first among e-social
networks, followed by WhatsApp (23%), Facebook Messenger (21%), Twitter (17%), and Google+ (Statista,
2015d). Turkey is in eleventh place in terms of time spent by internet users on e-social networks (2.9 hours
daily) (Statista, 2015e). The 16-24 age group uses computers and the internet most often in Turkey (TÜİK,
2014). The 25-34 age group is second in computer and internet use. Computer and internet use is higher in men
in all age groups. Generation 2000 uses the internet and e-social networks more than any other age group in
Turkey (Latif, Uçkun & Demir, 2015). Generation 2000 refers to people born between 1982 and 2002 (Howe &
Strauss, 2009, p. 41). Generation 2000 is of the same age as e-communication and is closely associated with e-
communication. As of 31 December 2014, the population of Generation 2000 was 31,824,146 of a total
population of 77,695,904 people in Turkey (TÜİK, 2015b). The populations of older generations are as follows:
the 1980 generation (Generation X, born 1961-81), with 20,541,357 people, and the 1968 generation (baby
boomers, born 1943-60), with 9,521,600 people. Generation 2000 grew up with the computer. People in this
generation buy and use e-communication technologies the most. Social and economic mobility depend on them.
Generation 2000 seeks socialization in e-social networks (Zhao, 2006; Jennings & Wartella, 2004, p. 605). It is
inevitable that every new generation will be criticized by previous generations. In this case, due to the excessive
and aimless use of e-communication technologies by Generation 2000, they will face criticism from previous
generations. The most common thoughts about Generation 2000 come from popular ideas that are not based on
research and not academic (“Et si la génération”, 2011; Pralong, n.d.).
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Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental
factors influencing its development and manifestations (American Society of Addiction Medicine, n.d). Stress
and loneliness are factors that increase fragility through addiction (Peele & Brodsky, 1975, p.284). With the
spread of e-communication technologies, a new type of addiction has been discussed related to the use of the
internet and e-social networks. Internet addiction means the internet has priority before family, friends and work
(Young, n.d). E-communication addiction can be described as the use of the internet, e-social networks and
smartphones at a level that threatens a healthy life. “Internet addiction” or “cyber addiction” was first discussed
by Goldberg in 1995. Young (1996), Greenfield (1999a, 1999b), Pratarelli et al. (1999), Davis (2001), Beard
and Wolf (2001), Shapira et al. (2003), Griffiths (2000, 2005), Ko et al. (2005), and Tao et al. (2010) determined
criteria for internet addiction. Morahan-Martin (2005) questioned the appropriateness of applying the addiction
paradigm to internet use.
With the help of the internet, media have gone online. Adding this dimension to the use of e-social
networks, a new communication model has occurred. The existence of electronic social networks is quite new.
Since the launch of Facebook by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, the network has spread. As of March 2015,
Facebook is the most used e-social network site in the world (Statista, 2015f). Whereas up to 2006, the social
effects of internet were discussed, today, the internet effect has been replaced by the Facebook effect. The
Facebook effect is so strong that Facebook addiction, even more than internet addiction (Andreassen et al.,
2012), has come to the fore; e-social networks, with their e-social networking use, addiction and similar issues,
have become the focus of more and more attention as a source of information and research area for social
scientists (Ackland, 2009).
In time, every new development in e-communication technologies has been accompanied by a new
type of addiction. With the internet as the underlying mechanism, researchers have discussed internet addiction
(Young, 2015, p. 8, Tone, Zhao & Yan, 2014; Greenfield, 2011), online gaming addiction (Young, 2009; Kuss,
Griffiths, 2012; Griffiths, 2014), cybersex addiction (Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte & Brand, 2013;
Delmonico & Carnes, 1999), e-social network addiction (Go-Globe, 2014; Andreassen & Pallesen, 2014),
mobile telephone addiction (Griffiths, 2013, Bian & Leung, 2015), and gambling addiction on the internet
(Griffiths, 2011, Griffiths & Parke, 2002). Due to the complex nature of internet addiction (Hahn & Kim, 2014),
we can evaluate each of these aspects separately and accept the necessity of criteria for each area. We also know
that those using the internet generally use e-social networks as well as e-communication.
There are different denotations associated with e-communication: information and communication
(ICT), internet-based communication (IBC), and computer-mediated communication (CMC). Although the
internet is directed toward building communication and information exchange, communication-aimed use is
primary. For this reason, we do not prefer the expression “internet addiction” but, rather, “e-communication
addiction.” E-communication addiction depends primarily on the use of e-social networks. E-social networks
should be considered separately from social networks. Social networks have existed throughout human
evolution (Deschenaux & Laflamme, n.d.). The internet has existed since 1991, and e-social networks have
existed since 2004. E-communication and electronic social networks are very new. For the concepts, the
definitions should be appropriate. Friedman (2011) separated natural life and online life. Barnes and Pressey
(2014) described virtual life as a second life apart from real life. Lethiais and Roudaut (2010) separated
friendships in real life from virtual friendships. We separate e-communication from communication and e-social
networks from social networks.
III. METHOD
The Subject and Aim of the Research
The subject of this research is the perspectives of Generation 2000 and their parents on e-
communication addiction in Generation 2000 in Turkey.
The basic aim of the research is to find the answer of the question “Is Generation 2000 in Turkey
addicted to e-communication?” To this end, the opinions of Generation 2000 and their parents were
investigated. The views of Generation 2000 and their parents were examined by comparison. The specific
research questions were as follows:
RQ1: Is Generation 2000 addicted to e-communication in Turkey? (Generation 2000 perspective)
RQ2: According to parents, is Generation 2000 in Turkey addicted to e-communication? (Parent perspective)
RQ3: Related with the question as to whether Generation 2000 is addicted to e-communication, is there any
difference between the views of Generation 2000 and their parents?
RQ4: Is there any meaningful difference between the views of generation 2000 and their parents
with respect to variables such as age, gender, and others related with the e-communication addiction
of Generation 2000?
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Main audience and sample
The main audience of this research consists of the Generation 2000 (population 31,824,146) and the
previous generations (Generation X and the baby boom generation; population 30,062,957), including parents
reached from the detailed results of a population census as of the end of 2014 (TÜİK, 2015b).
The data used for the research were obtained via communication with personal contacts of the authors
from different generations in Turkey and questionnaires answered by university students of Generation 2000
(N=1784) and parents from the previous generation (N=2240).
From the Generation 2000 sample, (N=1784), 54.1% (966 people) were men and 45.9% (818 people)
were women. In total, 38.9% of the participants (694 people) were in the 18-20 age group, 49% (874 people)
were in the 21-25 age group, and 12.1% (216 people) were in the 26-33 age group. A total of 60.4% (1078
people) of the participants connected to the internet continuously, 29.8% (532 people) connected 2-3 hours
daily, and 9.2% (164 people) connected 1 hour daily. The percentage of people who did not connect to the
internet was 0.6% (10 people). A total of 1524 participants reported that they use smart phones. The most used
social network was Facebook (1578 people); second was WhatsApp (1510 people); third was YouTube (1356
people); fourth was Instagram (1032 people); fifth was Twitter.
From the parent sample (N=2240), 48.6% (1088 people) of the participants were men and 51.4% (1152
people) were women. A total of 40% (896 people) of the participants were in the 35-41 age group, 37.4% (838
people) participants were in the 42-48 age group, 16.1% (360 people) were in the 49-53 age group, and 6.5%
(146 people) participants were in the 53+ age group. A total of 36% (806 people) of the participants had a lycee
diploma, 25.4% (568 people) had less than a lycee diploma, 18.9% (424 people) had a bachelor‟s degree, 15.3%
(343 people) had an associate degree, and 4.5% (98 people) had a graduate diploma. A total of 38.7% (866
people) of the participants connected to the internet 2-3 hours daily, 22.9% (514 people) connected to the
internet continuously, and 20.5% (460 people) connected to the internet 1 hour daily. The percentage of people
who did not connect to internet is 17.9% (400 people). A total of 1152 participants stated that they use smart
phones. The most used e-social network was Facebook (1266 people); second was YouTube (898 people); third
was Twitter (746 people); fourth was WhatsApp (745 people); fifth was Instagram (470 people).
Means and methods of collecting data used in the research
In this research, after scanning the literature inside and outside of Turkey to obtain detailed
perspectives of Generation 2000 and their parents regarding the e-communication addiction of Generation 2000,
a survey form was prepared. Consulting the views of experts, first, a survey consisting of 25 questions was
transformed into 5 subscales with the help of factor analysis. As a result of an evaluation made afterward, the
survey was transformed into 22 questions and 4 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The
difference between the views was tested by an independent-sample t-test. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach‟s
α) of the survey for Generation 2000 through the 22 articles was 0.916; for parents through the 22 articles, it was
0.939. These values indicate the excellent reliability (Özdamar, 1997, p. 500). With respect to with the e-
communication addiction of Generation 2000, to test the difference in the views of Generation 2000 and parents
from the previous generation in terms of variables such as age, gender, and others, analysis of variance (Anova)
was used; to determine where this difference comes from, a Tukey test was performed.
Analysis and findings of the research
With respect to the variance ratios of each factor, for the first factor, “lack of self-control,” it was
determined to be 16.935%. For the second factor, “e-communication use in extraordinary places,” it was
determined to be 15.567%. For the third factor, “worries,” it was determined to be 14.652%. For the fourth
factor, “control difficulty,” it was determined to be 12.248%. In total, the variant ratio was 59.402%.
In the research, fitting a five-point Likert scale, all data regarding the e-communication addiction of
Generation 2000 were interpreted according to certain score ranges: 4.20-5.00: very high; 3.40-4.19: high; 2.60-
3.39: medium; 1.80-2.59: low; and 1.00-1.79: very low.
The first sub-problem of this research is to address the question of whether Generation 2000 in Turkey
is addicted to e-communication from the perspective of Generation 2000. In the survey in which the views of
Generation 2000 were solicited, the most common expression was “I am afraid to lose my cell phone”
(Xaverage=3.56) and the least accepted expression was “Due to long time I spend on e-social networks, I have lost
important relationships in real life” (Xaverage=1.98) (Table 1).
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Table 1. Comparison of the views of parents and Generation 2000 as related to the e-communication
addiction of Generation 2000
*p<0.005
The statistics related to the average and standard deviations of the four factors for Generation 2000 are
shown in Table 2. The average factors are as follows: “lack of self-control” (Xaverage=2.48), “e-communication
use in extraordinary places” (Xaverage=2.51), “worries” (Xaverage=2.50) and “control difficulty” (Xaverage=2.54).
When these averages are examined, Generation 2000 appears to have a low level of (Xaverage=2.50) e-
communication addiction.
Factors Generation 2000 Parents Result
Lack of self-control (cognitive) SD SD p
Value
When I feel lonely, I leave real life and take refuge in e-social networks 2.79 1.12 - - *0.000
When he/she feels lonely, he leaves real life and takes refuge in e-social networks - - 3.52 1.30
E-social networks are an important part of my life 2.59 1.04 - - *0.000
E-social networks are an important part of his/her life - - 3.59 1.19
When I leave e-social networks, I feel a strong desire to go back in a short period of time 2.37 0.99 - - *0.000
When he/she leaves e-social networks, he/she feels a strong desire to go back in a short
period of time
- - 3.42 1.21
I recover from the boredom of daily life in e-social networks 2.87 1.05 - - *0.000
He/she recovers from the boredom of daily life in e-social networks - - 3.67 1.14
The time I spend on e-social networks makes me very excited 2.31 0.97 - - *0.000
The time he/she spends on e-social networks makes him/her very excited 3.54 1.12
When I do not use e-social networks, I am nervous 2.08 0.89 - - *0.000
When he/she does not use e-social networks, he/she is nervous - - 3.20 1.19
I use e-social networks to escape from problems 2.38 1.00 - - *0.000
He/she uses e-social networks to escape from problems - - 3.63 1.12
E-communication use in extraordinary places
When I eat a meal, I am interested in my cell phone or play with it 2.68 1.06 - - *0.000
When he/she eats a meal, he/she is interested in his/her cell phone or plays with it - - 3.25 1.16
While standing on buses, I talk with my phone in one hand and/or text message 2.76 1.13 - - *0.000
While standing on buses, he/she talks with his/her cell phone and/or text messages - - 3.43 1.22
When I watch a film at the cinema, I glance at my cell phone 2.21 1.01 - - *0.000
When he/she watches a film at the cinema, he/she glances at his/her cell phone - - 3.11 1.18
I use my cell phone in the bathroom 2.23 1.15 - - *0.000
He/she takes his/her cell phone when going to the bathroom - - 2.97 1.22
When I walk on a crowded road, I text with my cell phone 2.71 1.06 - - *0.000
When he/she walks on a crowded road, he/she texts with his/her cell phone - - 3.48 1.18
Worries
I am very afraid to lose my cell phone 3.56 1.17 - - *0.000
He/she is very afraid of losing his/her cell phone - - 3.33 0.95
When the internet connection is lost, I am worried 2.82 1.16 - - *0.000
When the internet connection is lost, he/she is worried - - 3.32 0.92
Due to the long time I spend on e-social networks, I have lost important relationships in
real life
1.98 1.00 - - *0.000
Due to the long time he/she spends on e-social networks, he/she has lost important
relationships in real life
- - 3.32 1.22
Due to the long time I spend on e-social networks, I have missed educational and career
opportunities
2.04 1.08 - - *0.000
Due to the long time he/she spends on e-social networks, he has missed educational and
career opportunities
- - 3.31 1.21
When e-social networks entered my life, I met with people less often 2.16 1.06 - - *0.000
When e-social networks entered his/her life, he/she met with people less often - - 3.39 1.22
Control difficulty (behavioral)
I spend hours nonstop on e-social networks 2.80 1.10 - - *0.000
He/she spends hours nonstop on e-social networks - - 3.38 1.23
Even though I am warned to stop, I continue to stay on e-social networks 2.41 1.05 - - *0.000
Even though I warn him/her to stop, he/she continues to stay on e-social networks - - 3.24 1.22
I stay longer on e-social networks than I planned to with my parents 2.62 1.05 - - *0.000
He/she stays longer on e-social networks than we planned together - - 3.43 1.14
I stay longer on e-social networks than I planned without being aware 2.91 1.06 - - *0.000
He/she stays longer on e-social networks than he/she planned without being aware - - 3.46 1.19
I spend such a long time on e-social networks that I forget to eat, even though I am
warned
2.00 0.99 - - *0.000
He/she spends such a long time on e-social networks that he/she forgets to eat, even
though he/she is warned
- - 3.16 1.23
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Table 2. Descriptive statistics of factors reflecting the views of Generation 2000 on e-communication addiction
Factor SD
Lack of self-control (cognitive) 2.48 0.743
E-communication use in extraordinary places 2.51 0.806
Worries 2.50 0.683
Control difficulty (behavioral) 2.54 0.799
Total 2.50 0.683
The second sub-problem of the research was to address the question of whether Generation 2000 in
Turkey is addicted to e-communication according to their parents. In the survey in which the views of the
parents were solicited, the most accepted expression overall was “He/she recovers from the boredom of daily
life in e-social networks” (Xaverage=3.67); the least accepted expression was “He/she takes his/her cell phone
when going to the bathroom” (Xaverage=2.97) (Table 1).
The statistics related to the average and standard deviations of the four factors for parents from the
previous generation are shown in Table 3. The average factors are as follows: “lack of self-control”
(Xaverage=3.51), “e-communication use in extraordinary places” (Xaverage=3.24), “worries” (Xaverage=3.49), and
“control difficulty” (Xaverage=3.42). When these averages are examined, Generation 2000 appears to have a high
level (Xaverage=3.41) of e-communication addiction from the perspective of parents.
Table 3. Descriptive statistics of factors reflecting the views of parents on e-communication addiction of
Generation 2000
Factor SD
Lack of self-control 3.51 0.856
E-communication use in extraordinary places 3.24 0.876
Worries 3.49 0.840
Control difficulty 3.42 0.799
Total 3.41 0.783
The third sub-problem of the research is to address differences between the views of parents and
Generation 2000 regarding the question of whether Generation 2000 is addicted to e-communication. The
fourth sub-problem of the research is to address whether there is a meaningful difference between the
views of Generation 2000 and parents of the previous generation depending on the variables age,
gender, and others regarding the e-communication addiction of Generation 2000.
A significant difference was detected in all answers given to 22 questions forming the survey (Table 1).
Additionally, whether the views of parents and the views of Generation 2000 exhibited differences was analyzed
according to certain variables regarding whether Generation 2000 is addicted to e-communication. According to
the findings, depending on the age and frequency of internet use, the views of Generation 2000 differ
significantly. As a result of the Tukey test, for the age variable, this difference was found in the 21-25 age
group. In the frequency of internet use variable, the difference came from users who use the internet
continuously. The difference in parents‟ views was found in the gender and age variables. In the gender
variable, this difference was in favor of women. In the age variable, the difference was found to come from the
53+ age group (Table 4).
Table 4. The relationship between the views of Generation 2000 and the views of parents and variables
associated with e-communication addiction among Generation 2000
Demographic specification
(Generation 2000)
P (F-value) ANOVA
Age 0.007 (4.948) **
Gender 0.931 (0.007) Non-sig.
Frequency of internet use 0.000 (7.442) **
Demographic specification
(parent)
P (F-value) ANOVA
Age 0.002 (5.243) **
Gender 0.027 (3.642) **
Frequency of using internet 0.632 (0.328) Non-sig.
Note: ** p≤0.05
According to the results, the views of Generation 2000 and the variables age and frequency of internet
use exhibited significant differences. The Tukey test revealed that the difference in age came from the 21-25 age
group (x=2.56). In the frequency of internet use variable, this difference came from users using the internet
continuously (x=2.77). With regard to the views of parents, the difference was found in the gender and age
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variables. In the gender variable, this difference was in favor of men (x=3.12). In the age variable, this
difference came from the 53+ age group (x=3.29).
Ethics: The study procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects were
informed about the study and all provided informed consent.
IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
In this study, the subject of e-communication addiction among Generation 2000 in Turkey was
examined comparatively from the perspectives of Generation 2000 and parents from the previous generation.
According to the perspective of Generation 2000, they have a low level of (Xaverage=2.50) e-
communication addiction. The views of parents regarding whether generation 2000 is addicted to e-
communication are different from the views of Generation 2000. According to the parents, Generation 2000 has
a high level of (Xaverage=3.51) e-communication addiction. When we examine descriptive statistics related to the
factors that we called lack of self-control, e-communication use in extraordinary places, worries and control
difficulty, we see that Generation 2000 and parents have different views. When using e-social networks,
Generation 2000 states that they lose their self-control at a low level (Xaverage=2.48). In contrast, parents state
that Generation 2000 loses self-control at a high level (Xaverage=3.51) when using e-social networks. Generation
2000 reported that they continue their e-communication in extraordinary places at a low level (Xaverage=2.51),
whereas parents said that Generation 2000 uses e-communication in extraordinary places at a medium level
(Xaverage=3.24). Members of Generation 2000 are very interested in their cell phones and text while walking in
crowds, standing on buses, and eating. Although Generation 2000 stated that if they lacked a cell phone, internet
and e-social networks, they would feel a low level (Xaverage=2.50) of worry, parents determined that with such
deprivation, Generation 2000 would have a high level of worry (Xaverage=3.49). Generation 2000 argued that
when they use e-social networks, a low level (Xaverage=2.54) of control difficulty occurs, whereas parents stated
that a high level (Xaverage=3.42) of self-control difficulty occurs when Generation 2000 uses e-social networks.
According to the analytical results related to demographic variables, there is a difference in the 21-25
age group in the views of Generation 2000. Addiction is higher among the 21-25 age group than the other age
groups (Xaverage=2.56). The next highest level is in the 18-20 age group (Xaverage=2.49). Addiction is at its lowest
level among the 26-33 age group (Xaverage=2.33). The low level of e-communication addiction in the 26-33 age
group can be associated with the assumptions that they are more mature and conscious about e-communication
and its negative effects.
According to the analytical results of demographic information, there is a difference in the views of
Generation 2000 with regard to the frequency of internet use. The difference in opinion between those who are
online/connect to internet continuously (Xaverage=2.64) and those who connect for 1 hour (Xaverage=1.99) or do not
connect at all seemed reasonable. The continuously online group engages in non-stop communication, and
naturally, e-communication addiction behavior can be observed frequently in this group.
According to the analytical results related to demographic variables, there is difference in the views of
parents based on gender. According to female parents, Generation 2000 has a high level of (Xaverage=3.40) e-
communication addiction. According to male parents, Generation 2000 has a medium level of (Xaverage=3.22) e-
communication addiction. This difference can be related to the fact that mothers have a closer observation
distance and relationship toward Generation 2000 than do fathers.
According to the parents in the 53+ age group, Generation 2000 has a high level of e-communication
addiction. This age group (baby boomers) lived in the period before the internet for a longer time than other age
groups and they know the difference between that period and this period. For this reason, these parents can
identify the behavior of Generation 2000 that arises from e-communication use.
The findings show that the two generations have different views regarding the e-communication
addiction of Generation 2000. The diversity of views regarding the use of technology (e-communication
technologies) reflects a conflict between the new generation (Generation 2000) and the older generation
(parents) as well as a new dimension of conflicts of generations. Mesh (2003, 2006a, 2006b, 2009),
Subrahmanyam and Smahel (2010, p. 100), and Bruess (2014, pp. 750-754) showed that there is a conflict
within the family regarding the e-communication use of Generation 2000. Generation 2000 wants to use e-
communication without their parents supervision or limitations. Parents complain that Generation 2000 uses
internet unnecessarily or excessively and thus is subject to negative psychosocial effects. The existing
generational conflict arising from the use of e-communication is the common view of these researchers.
Although revealing a generational conflict was not among our aims, the results showed a new dimension of the
conflict between generations and support the views of the researchers noted above.
The demographic variables include the frequency of internet use scores, which hints at the source of
conflicts from using e-communication. Parents have fallen behind Generation 2000 in the frequency of internet
8. Perspectives of Generation 2000 and Their Parents on E-Communication Addiction in Turkey
www.ijhssi.org 58 | Page
usage. Whereas only 0.6% of Generation 2000 does not use the internet, 17.9% of their parents do not use the
internet.
The subject and results of this research enrich the literature. The extant addiction research did not test
such a wide sample. It is also important that the present research presents Turkey as a sample. Turkey has
become a world leader in the use of e-social networks as of 2014. Thus, research in Turkey regarding this
subject is very meaningful. The most important aspect of the present research that distinguishes it from previous
studies is the dual perspective approach toward addiction. By examining the views of parents, we obtained
additional objective information. The comparative analysis results reveal a conflict of perspectives. We think of
this as a conflict of generations, and this point is an important contribution to the literature regarding the use of
e-communication by Generation 2000. Our study focused on a scale enabling us to find the answer to a basic
research question. In particular, the factor of using e-communication in extraordinary places is a unique aspect
of the present research. With the help of mobile smart phones, the aspect of the place of e-communication has
changed, and e-communication has become available everywhere and uninterrupted. Now, we see people
engaging in e-communication while standing on buses, watching movies at the cinema, watching a play at the
theater, walking in a crowded street, and in other places. We considered these new tendencies when preparing
the survey used in this research.
E-communication technologies have developed quickly, and these technologies have become popular.
Undoubtedly, the socio-physiological effects of these developments have been present for only a short period of
time. At this point, “time” is an important constraint, and in writing this section, we hesitate to even include this
new situation as significant in this research. The importance of the duration of these effects should be the subject
of future studies.
The general results of the research do not permit us to state conclusively that Generation 2000 in
Turkey is addicted to e-communication. Can we say that Generation 2000 in Turkey is not addicted to e-
communication? For the time being, the answer appears to be "yes." However, the demographic information
clearly reveals that Generation 2000 in Turkey uses e-communication widely (60.4% are online continuously).
Based on our observations, we can discuss unhealthy, excessive, and unnecessary use, but addiction is beyond
such attributes, and it is not easy to say that such a condition exists. Additionally, we must consider that face-to-
face communication has a special place in Turkey, and remains an important aspect of daily life.
If Generation 2000 is the agent of the subject, that subject gains an interdisciplinary quality. This
research is interdisciplinary in nature and can be a guide for future studies. This work has a quality that can
attract the attention of scientists from different disciplines and convey new ideas. Our results might be of
interest to entrepreneurs and managers from the business world. Generation 2000 includes students, workers,
and, recently, a few managers, but above all else, they are the target audience of businesses given their role as
customers or potential customers.
We argue that there is no addiction but there is a tendency toward it. The responsibility of overcoming
this tendency and creating a healthy generation stands with the older generations. E-communication
technologies present an artificial environment to everyone, especially Generation 2000. It is impossible to deny
this environment; the important response is to realize the negative effects caused by this environment. To
prevent the negative effects occurring on a mass level in the future, parents and scientists have much work to do.
The government should have a role. However, although there is no scientific proof of internet addiction, an
internet addiction polyclinic (BRSHH, n.d.) was established in Turkey after a legislative proposal was presented
to the Turkish Grand National Assembly. It was also requested to open internet hospitals that are connected to
the Health Ministry for the first time in Turkey. (“İnternet hastaneleri kurulacak!”, 2013).
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