Persp pres
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American writers like Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Dos Passos moved to Paris in the 1920s to find community and escape censorship. Paris offered cheap living, mentors, and places to meet other artists at a time when reason seemed in doubt after WWI and the arts faced restrictions at home. Hemingway volunteered in WWI and was wounded, fueling his fiction writing in Paris where he mentored Fitzgerald. Dos Passos studied the effects of war and became a revolutionary writer. The community in Paris helped spawn modernist works and define the "Lost Generation."
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Persp pres
- 1. Searching For Perspective Hemingway and American Writers in Paris
- 2. The Great War DEAD 10 million combatants 7 million civilians
- 3. At Home Racism African Americans Chinese/Japanese Americans Native Americans Jews Censorship Literature Art Cinema Political Discourse
- 4. The Result? Anomie Something gone wrong with the Enlightenment Reason seemed in doubt Cultural norms were being challenged in Europe The Arts Patronage restricted Showings/publication/readings limited Limited ability to learn the various artistic skills Inability to subsist while learning
- 5. The Solution? Expatriatism - moving to another country Paris – 1920s, 1950s to 1960s London – early 20th century Prague – 1980s to today Vienna – today
- 6. What Was Needed Community of other writers Mentors Libraries/ book stores Places to meet Inexpensive, available food Cheap living space
- 7. American Writers Living in Paris Ezra Pound Kay Boyle Scott Fitzgerald H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) John Dos Passos Gertrude Stein Sherwood Anderson Henry Miller Djuna Barnes Archibald MacLeish
- 8. Others in the Paris Community Samuel Beckett Anais Nin Gerald and Sara Murphy Lawrence Durell Ford Madox Ford Pablo Picasso
- 9. Ernest Hemingway Volunteered for the army in 1917 Served in Italy – handled maimed bodies Wounded in 1918 – heroically saved a man’s life Returned to the U.S. (age 19), bored with “normal life.” Married, took wife and son to Paris in 1921 Blurred lines between fiction/nonfiction/journalism
- 10. John Dos Passos Harvard Graduate Volunteered for the ambulance corps in 1917 Remained in Paris after the war, studied at the Sorbonne Became a “social revolutionary.” Manhattan Transfer/ USA/stream of consciousness
- 11. H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) Poet, novelist, memoirist Moved to London in 1911 – Imagist movement Mentored by Ezra Pound WWI - lost brother and marriage Bisexual – championed gay rights/feminism Magna Graeca novels influenced by Freud
- 12. Djuna Barnes Born in log cabin in NY Grandmother Zadel Barnes Women’s suffragist activist Bohemian community in Greenwich Village Journalist influenced by James Joyce Went to Paris in 1920 Ryder- novel of a polygamous household
- 13. Scott Fitzgerald First published story at age 13 Graduated from Princeton The Great Gatsby/1925 Made excursions to Paris with Zelda Trouble writing (alcoholism) Hemingway befriended him
- 14. The Lost Generation Hemingway the chronicler/voice of the “Lost Generation.” The Sun Also Rises A Moveable Feast The “Pilot Fish” analogy “Never any ending to Paris.”