Ernest Hemingway was an American author born in 1899 who volunteered for the Red Cross in Italy during World War 1, where he was seriously wounded. He moved to Paris in the 1920s where he socialized with other American expatriates and published his first works. His novel The Sun Also Rises was an immediate success in 1926. Hemingway divorced his first wife and married multiple times while traveling the world, including periods in Spain and Africa where he enjoyed bullfighting and big game hunting. In his later years, Hemingway's health declined and he received electroshock therapy for bipolar disorder before committing suicide in 1961.

1. ERNEST HEMINGWAY

2. 1899: Hemingway is born on July 21 in Oak Park IL (suburb of Chicago )

3. Hemingway’s parents (Clarence and Grace) - Father was a doctor who loved hunting, fishing, and outdoors life - Mother was a homemaker and devout Christian 1928: father commits suicide – deeply affects Hemingway

4. 1918: Ernest volunteers for Red Cross Ambulance Corps in Italy - can’t get into the service because of a bad eye injury sustained while boxing in high school

5. Badly wounded during his tour in Italy - 227 leg wounds, has several surgeries, receives aluminum kneecap - 1 st American wounded in Italy during WWI; decorated for heroism by the Italian government

6. 1921: Marries Hadley Richardson / moves to Paris - Hemingway works under the guidance of Gertrude Stein - Becomes part of the American expatriate movement

7. 1923: First publication, moderate success

8. 1925: series of short stories about “Nick Adams” - each story is introduced by a vignette about World War I.

9. 1926: The Sun Also Rises is published - an immediate success! - makes Hemingway famous among audiences and respected among artists

10. 1927: The Sun Also Rises was originally titled Fiesta and was published under this title in Europe.

11. 1927: Divorces Hadley, marries Paulette Pfeiffer

12. 1929: A Farewell To Arms is a prequel to The Sun Also Rises HUGE success! sold 80,000 copies in four months

13. In response to The Great Depression in America, Hemingway flees the States and travels around the world. He spends much time in Spain where he loves to go to bullfights...

14. … and Africa where he enjoyed hunting big game and killing things!

15. 1932: Nonfiction text about bullfighting - shows Hemingway’s love for the sport

16. 1935: Nonfiction tale of a month-long safari in Africa

17. 1940: divorces Pauline Pfeiffer and marries Martha Gelhorn - she is a journalist - Hemingway said she was, “more ambitious as Napoleon and about as talented as the average high school validictorian.”

18. 1940: Novel about the Spanish Civil War - Hemingway supported Loyalist Spain during the actual Spanish-Civil War

19. 1942: Hemingway and Martha settle in Cuba - Spends two years sailing around Cuba in a fishing boat trying to spot enemy submarines.

20. 1944: divorces Martha, marries Mary Welsh Couple goes to France during WWII she is a war correspondent for Time magazine -he serves several missions for the Royal Air Force (R.A.F.) “ liberated” the bar at the Ritz Hotel in Paris before the Allied forces arrived

21. 1952: The Old Man and the Sea re-establishes Hemingway as a major force in American Literature

22. 1953: Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature

23. As Hemingway aged, his own physical and mental health began to falter. - in 2 plane crashes in Africa within a few days of each other experiencing bipolar symptoms - tries electroshock therapy

24. 1961: commits suicide