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Personal and structural safety
- 1. PRESENTED BY : RAVIKIRAN KATTOLI
- 2. Safety means free from danger or risk. construction site safety deals with safety of labours and employees working at the site. In India the construction industry is the second largest employer next to agriculture and about 31 million people are employed in construction sector. Indian construction industry is labour intensive comprising of semi- skilled and unskilled workers. Therefore the safety of labour at the site should be kept in mind and appropriate measures should be take for the same.
- 3. Safety is the Control of Recognized Hazards to attain an Acceptable Level of Risk.
- 4. To reduce cost ,as if any accident occurs it will increase indirect cost of the project. Project runs on schedule as if any accident takes place it affects the work site and project may be delayed, therefore safety also takes care of time. Productivity will increase.
- 5. 2.1 EXCAVATION SAFETY This competent person is inspecting the excavation, surroundings and protective system. If a hazard is identified, they will remove the worker and take prompt corrective action.
- 6. • Cave-ins • Falls • Falling Loads • Hazardous Environment • Mobile Equipment • Underground Utilities Source of photo: OSHA This is a very dangerous situation!
- 7. Never enter an unprotected trench that is 5 or more in depth The competent person must first choose and implement a protective system Even excavations less than 5 feet deep need to be deemed safe by the competent person Cave-ins can happen without warning This 6 foot deep vertical-sided, unprotected trench is dangerous! Source of photo: OTIEC NRC WVU
- 8. Support/shoring systems Sloping Shielding systems (trench boxes) Shoring Sloping Shielding
- 9. Source of photos: NIOSH /John Rekus ) Means a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins.
- 10. For every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back 1-1/2 feet.
- 11. Source of photo: OSHA Means a structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure.
- 12. Source of photos: OSHA Safe Alternative
- 13. Water changes everything and makes soil less stable Efforts must be made to keep water out of excavations
- 14. You must have safe access and egress when working in excavations, including ladders, steps, ramps, or other safe means of exit for employees working in trench excavations 4 feet (1.22 meters) or deeper. These devices must be located in the excavation within 25 feet (7.62 meters) of all workers.
- 15. Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry its own weight plus four times the maximum load
- 16. 1. Use safety net systems 2. Safety belt 3. personal fall arrest systems
- 17. Avoid using metal ladder near electricity
- 18. ©Consultnet Ltd Right for the job. In good shape Secured near the top On a firm base and footing Rising at least 1 meter beyond the landing place OR that there is a proper hand hold Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance LADDERS: Ladders kill a lot of people. Make sure the ladder is:- ConstructionSiteSafety
- 19. Never allow more than one person on a ladder Do not lean out from the ladder in any direction If you have a fear of heights – don’t climb a ladder Do not allow others to work under a ladder in use. ©Consultnet Ltd ConstructionSiteSafety
- 22. Source of photos: Mount Sinai/CHEP/elcosh.org
- 23. Source of photos: OSHA
- 24. Frequent Causes of Head Injuries: ◦ Object striking head ◦ Head striking object ◦ Contact with exposed, energized electrical conductors Source: OSHA
- 25. Common Causes of Eye Injuries ◦ Dust ◦ Flying particles ◦ Harmful chemicals ◦ Intense light Welding Lasers Source: OSHA
- 26. Selecting eye and face protection: ◦ Meet requirements of ANSI Z87 ◦ Elements to consider Ability to protect Fit and comfort Vision and movement not restricted Durable and cleanable Other PPE not restricted
- 27. Protect eyes, eye sockets and facial area around eyes from impact, dust, & splashes Source: OSHA
- 28. Protect eyes from burns ◦ Infrared light ◦ intense radiant light Protect face and eyes from ◦ flying sparks ◦ metal spatter slag Source: OSHA
- 29. Protect face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids
- 31. ◦ Molded ear plugs ◦ Noise cancelling ear plugs ◦ Ear muffs NIOSH/John Rekus/elcosh.org NIOSH/John Rekus/elcosh.org
- 32. Employers must provide hand protection when employees are exposed to hazards ◦ Skin absorption of harmful substances ◦ Severe cuts or lacerations ◦ Severe abrasions ◦ Punctures ◦ Chemical and thermal burns ◦ Harmful temperature extremes
- 33. Anti-vibration Heat Resistant Leather Palm Cut ResistantPermeation Resistant Source of photos: OSHA
- 34. Causes of Foot Injuries ◦ Heavy objects ◦ Sharp objects ◦ Molten metal ◦ Hot surfaces ◦ Slippery or wet surfaces ◦ Electrical hazards
- 35. Examples ◦ Impact-resistant toe and/or instep Steel Composite ◦ Heat-resistant soles ◦ Metal shanks ◦ Specialty footwear may be needed Liquid or chemical resistant Conductive or nonconductive Steve Clark/Laborers/elcosh.org Source: OSHA
- 36. Causes of bodily injuries ◦ Intense heat ◦ Splashes of hot metals or hot liquids ◦ Impacts from tools, machinery, or materials ◦ Sharp objects ◦ Hazardous chemicals ◦ Contact with potentially infectious materials ◦ Radiation
- 37. Mount Sinai/CHEP/elcosh.org Mount Sinai/CHEP/elcosh.org NIOSH/John Rekus/elcosh.org
- 38. Preparatory Operations Engineering survey shall be made, by a competent person Given In Writing
- 39. When employees are required to work within a structure to be demolished which has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or other cause, the walls or floor shall be shored or braced 1926.850(b )
- 40. All electric, gas, water, steam, sewer, and other service lines shall be shut off, capped, or otherwise controlled outside, the building line before demolition work is started. 1926.850(b )
- 41. It shall also be determined if any type of hazardous chemicals, gases, explosives, flammable materials, or similarly dangerous substances have been used in any pipes, tanks, 1926.850(e )
- 42. When debris is dropped through holes in the floor, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades Signs, warning of the hazard of falling materials, shall be posted at each level.
- 43. Employee entrances to multistory structures being demolished shall be completely protected by sidewalk sheds or canopies 1926.850(k )
- 44. In a multistory building, when a stairwell is being used, it shall be properly illuminated by either natural or artificial means 1926.851(c )
- 45. No material shall be dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the structure unless the area is effectively protected
- 46. No wall section, which is more than one story in height, shall be permitted to stand alone without lateral bracing 1926.854(b )
- 47. Structural or load- supporting members on any floor shall not be cut or removed until all stories above such a floor have been demolished and removed.
- 48. During demolition, continuing inspections by a competent person shall be made as the work progresses to detect hazards resulting from weakened or deteriorated floors, or walls, or loosened material 1926.859(g b)
- 49. Cranes ◦ Major types of crane accidents Contact with power lines Overturns Falls Mechanical failure
- 50. ©Consultnet Ltd The weight of the load must be carefully estimated The crane must be fitted with an automatic safe load indicator (one that works) The crane must always work on a hard, level base The load must be properly fixed and secured The banksman must be trained to give clear signals NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load CRANE SAFETY Very Simply :- ConstructionSiteSafety
- 51. Do not handle loads that are Heavier than the capacity
- 52. ◦ Forklift Training – do not operate a forklift without proper training and licensing. ◦ Reporting Damage – any damage or problems that occur to a forklift during a shift should be reported to the supervisor. Source: OSHA
- 53. All accidents are preventable. Every job will be done safely Incidents can be managed. Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
- 54. OSHA 3252-05N 2005 OSHA Pocket Guide Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov