Working at Heights safety t16Oct'10.pptx

Revision Date: 16 October 2010
Duration : 2 HOURS
COURSE TITLE

COURSE OUTLINE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 OBJECTIVES
3.0 DEFINITION
4.0 WORKING AT HEIGHTS INCIDENT
5.0 FACTORS OF FALL HAZARD
6.0 FALL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
7.0 SAFE WORK PRACTICES
8.0 SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION
Over 40% of major injury or incidents on construction
sites involve falls from heights. It needs to be
emphasized, however, that there is no safe height;
anyone who is off the ground is at risk of falling.
The hazard exists on working platforms, scaffolds,
ladders, open steelwork and any area where work is
being done in proximity to fragile materials, openings,
holes and roof edges, etc..

At the end of the session, Trainees will be able to identify
hazards when working at elevated areas.
 Understand the importance of using Personal Fall Arrest
System and its advantages.
 Factors to be considered when using the PFAS.
 Will understand and comply with the scaffold and ladder
safety requirements.
 Will understand the requirements and procedures when
working at elevated areas.
 Be authorized to perform activity at elevated areas.
OBJECTIVES

WORKING AT HEIGHTS is defined as any activity that will
be performed at an elevation of 1.8 meters or greater
above grade level or the lowest point on a slope.
DEFINITION

Employee was operating an
aerial lift, with an extendable
boom rotating work platform.
The boom was fully extended
and the machine apparently ran
over some bricks, causing the
boom to flex or spring, throwing
the employee from the basket.
The employee fell 37 feet to a
concrete surface.
Moving Elevated Platform
Working at heights incident

A laborer was working on the third
level of a tubular welded frame
scaffold which was wet due to
rains.
The scaffold was not fully decked,
there was no guardrail and no
access ladder.
The worker slipped and fell head
first 20 feet to the pavement below.
Wet Platform & No Guardrail

FLOORS
10%
ROOF
26%
LADDER
6%
OTHERS
39%
SCAFFOLDING
19%
Persons working at elevated
area has a High Risk of falling.

FACTORS OF FALL HAZARD
moving from one surface to another at heights
 uncovered holes and openings
 open edges not barricaded
 uneven surfaces
 moving surfaces
 poor lighting
 unsuitable foot wear
 slippery surfaces
 wind and rain
 being struck by falling objects
 incorrectly using a ladder
 incorrectly using fall arresting equipment

1st , Fall Elimination
(Design / Engineering Stages)
2nd , Fall Prevention
(Guardrails/Barriers/Travel restrictions)
3rd , Fall Arresting
(Use of Fall Arresting Equipment)
Systematic approach to protect Worker
from FALL HAZARDS
Fall protection requirements

FALL ELIMINATION
The first step is to assess the
workplace and the work itself in
the earliest design / engineering
stages of the project and during
the planning stages of all work.
This assessment of the workplace
and the work not only helps
eliminate hazards, but also
identifies alternative approaches
to the work that can measurably
enchance productivity.

The second step in continuous fall
protection also requires assessing the
workplace and work processess.
Installation of stairs, guardrails,
barriers, and travel restriction system.
FALL PREVENTION

SAFETY NET SYSTEMS are
used when workers are
working above open vessels to
catch debris.
The safety net and canopy
design must be approved by a
competent engineer and the
installation must be certified by
a competent engineer. Scaff tag
system must be used for
inspection.
FALL PREVENTION

Personal Fall Arrest System means a system used
to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level.
It consists of an anchorage, connectors, body
harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration
device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these.
FALL ARRESTING

Waist belts or safety belts are not
allowed.
The attachment point on a full body
harness is a D-ring on your upper
back. The full body harness must
be meet the requirements of
American National Standards
Institute (ANSI).
Cont’n…

Life Line
(Wire Rope)
Full Body
Harness
Hook
Chest Strap
Lanyard
Personal Fall Arrest System
Cont’n…

WHY WAIST BELTS ARE NOT SAFE
If you fall, the high force of the fall is concentrated at
your waist rather than 6 points of a full body
harness.
Cont’n…

A safety harness:
• stops the fall and spreads the impact
shock over a large area of the body.
• allows a fall to be stopped or arrested
without causing bodily injury.
Cont’n…

The safety harness must be attached
to:
a lanyard with a built in shock
absorber
 a self-retracting lanyard.
The other end of the lanyard must be
securely attached to a static line or
anchor point.
Cont’n…

REMEMBER GROIN
ENTRAPMENT
 Check for the twisted strap.
 The leg straps should be
positioned and fitted
properly so that GROIN
ENTRAPMENT does not
occur during arresting
force.
Groin Entrapment is a
serious injury.
NO
Cont’n…

DAMAGED DROPLINE
DO NOT USE DAMAGED DROPLINES
Cont’n…

SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(EXCAVATION)
Why Excavations is also considered as Work at Heights?
1.2 metres
CONFINED SPACE
Use the proper access.

SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(EXCAVATION)
Set up barriers or barricades around the edges of the excavation.
Place warning signs to warn people of the excavation.
Divert traffic away from the excavation area
Install flashing amber lights for night-time warning.

SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(SCAFFOLD)
Fall Protection
Each employee on a scaffold 1.8 meters or more above
a lower level will be protected from falling to that lower
level.
Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds will be
attached to a lanyard, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold
structural member.
Responsible supervisor are required to provide fall
protection for employees erecting or dismantling
supported scaffolds where the installation and use of
such protection is feasible and does not create a greater
hazard.

SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(SCAFFOLD)
Cont’n…
Guardrails systems shall comply with the following
provisions;
 Top rail – installed between 38” and 45”
 Mid rail – installed at a height approximately
midway between the top edge of the guardrail
system and the platform surface.

Keep walkways free of obstacles, tools
and equipment.
Keep platforms free of grease and mud.
Climb from one level to another using
the ladders provided.
Use a crane, hoist or winch to carry
materials up to and down from the scaffold.
YOU SHOULD NEVER:
 exceed the safe working load of the scaffold;
 stand or sit on the rails; or
 work from a defective scaffold.
 never modify a scaffold.
x
x
SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(SCAFFOLD)
Cont’n…

SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(SCAFFOLD)
When working from a mobile
tower scaffold make sure:
• it is no higher than four
times the smallest base width;
• outriggers are fitted where
necessary; and
• caster brakes are locked on.
You must not be on the scaffold
while it is being moved.
Only use this type of scaffold
on level, surface areas.
Cont’n…

Unsecured Platforms Incomplete Platforms
SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(SCAFFOLD)

The most commonly used and abused equipment for working at
heights is the Portable ladder.
 Ladder is properly secured in an approved
manner, otherwise, somebody will hold the
lower part ensure that it will not move or slip
 Must be inspected and color-coded.
 Set at correct angle (75 degree) and elevated 1
meter above landing platform. Landing area
free from any obstruction.
 Two-persons not allowed to access ladder at
the same time.
 Workers using ladder must maintain proper
position. DO NOT OVER-REACH.
`
SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(ladder)

 Barricade under and around the
Elevating Work Platform.
 Place all tools and equipment in bags or
buckets.
 ENTER/EXIT only at the basket gate
 Keep the basket gate closed and locked
while working inside the basket.
 Wear a Full Body Harness attached to an
anchor point inside the basket.
 Keep the front of the basket within 300
mm of the work area.
SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(ELEVATEDWORK PLATFORM)

WARNING LINE SYSTEM means a barrier erected on a roof
to warn employees that they are approaching an
unprotected roof side or edge, and which designates an
area in which roofing work may take place without the use
of guardrail, body harness, or safety net systems to protect
employees in the area.
SAFE WORKPRACTICES
(ELEVATEDWORK AREA)

• 100% tie-off
• Above shoulder
• Strong enough
• Not in conduit
• Not in electrical cable
• Not in air ducts
• Not in valve handles
• Not in chain blocks
Snap Hook attached to
lanyards shall be of double
action / locking design.
ANCHORAGE means a secure point
of attachment for lifelines, lanyards
or deceleration devices.
SAFE WORKPRACTICES

CONNECTOR means a device
which is used to couple (connect)
parts of the personal fall arrest
system and positioning device
systems together. It may be an
independent component of the
system, such as a carabineer, or it
may be an integral component of
part of the system (such as a
buckle or D-ring sewn into a body
belt or body harness, or a snap-
hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard
or self-retracting lanyard).
SAFE WORKPRACTICES

 Serious injury or death can easily result from working
at heights incidents.
 Ladders are a means of access from one height to
another and are not intended to be a temporary work
platform.
 If a ladder is used to carry out brief and light tasks you
must maintain a three point of contact with the ladder
at all times.
 Scaffolds, mobile elevating work platforms and forklift
cages should be used for working at heights, where
there is no fixed work platform.
SUMMARY

 Always check the condition of the equipment before it
is used.
 Never exceed the Safe Working Load of scaffolding or
mobile work platforms.
 Fall arrest safety harnesses should be worn whenever
as other means of protection, such as guard railing, is
impractical and to provide additional fall arrest
protection.
SUMMARY

ANY QUESTIONS?
Thank you
&
Have a safe day
“I WON’T WORK IF IT’S UNSAFE”

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