This document discusses construction safety and health. It outlines potential construction hazards such as falls, trench collapses, and electric shock. It summarizes key OSHA standards regarding scaffolding, fall protection, ladders, stairways, trenching, cranes, head protection, and environmental health issues like noise, dust, radiation, toxic materials, and temperature extremes. It provides solutions and guidelines to address these hazards and comply with safety regulations to prevent injuries and ensure worker well-being. The document also presents a basic safety philosophy of accident prevention and making safety a priority.

1. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
AND HEALTH
King Saud University
Engineering College
Civil Engineering
Department
Presented by
Dr. Khalid Al-Dafer

2. Construction Safety and Health
Outline
Construction Safety Training Video
Basic Safety Philosophy for Success
Environmental Health in
Construction
OSHA Standards
Construction Hazards

3. Construction Hazards
Potential hazards for workers in
construction
Falls (from heights)
Trench collapse
Scaffold collapse
Electric shock
Failure to use proper personal
protective equipment
Repetitive motion injuries

4. OSHA Standards
Scaffolding
Fall
Protection
Ladders Stairways
OSHA Most Frequently Cited Standards that
must be Checked include:
Head
Protection
Cranes Trenching

5. OSHA Standards
Scaffolding
Hazard
- Fall hazards
- Collapse hazards
Solutions
-Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry
its own weight plus four times the maximum intended
load.
- Unstable objects, such as barrels or boxes must not
be used to support scaffolds or planks.

6. OSHA Standards
Scaffolding
Solutions
- Scaffold must not be erected except under the
supervision of a competent person.
-Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails
-Scaffolds must be at least 10 feet from electric power
lines at all times.

7. OSHA Standards
Fall Protection
Hazard
Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest
number of fatalities in the construction industry.
Solutions
Consider using aerial lifts or elevated platforms
Erect guardrail systems with toe boards and warning
lines

8. OSHA Standards
Fall Protection
Solutions
Cover floor holes
Use safety net systems
Use personal fall arrest systems (body harnesses)

9. OSHA Standards
Ladders
Hazard
Ladders and stairways are another source of injuries
and fatalities among construction workers.
Solutions
Use the correct ladder for the task.
Have a competent person visually inspect a ladder
before use for any defects.

10. OSHA Standards
Ladders
Solutions
Make sure that ladders are long enough to safely
reach the work area.
Never load ladders beyond the maximum intended load
Avoid using ladders with metallic components near
electrical work

11. OSHA Standards
Stairways
Hazard
Slips, trips and falls on stairways area major source of
injuries and fatalities among construction workers.
Solutions
Stairway treads and walkways must be free of
dangerous objects, debris and materials.
Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than
30 inches must have at least one handrail.

12. OSHA Standards
Trenching
Hazard
Trench collapses cause dozens of fatalities and
hundreds of injuries each year.
Solutions
Never enter an unprotected trench.
Always use a protective system for trenches 5 feet
deep or greater.

13. OSHA Standards
Trenching
Solutions
Employ a registered professional engineer to design a
protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or greater.
Always provide a way to exit a trench—such as a
ladder, stairway
Make sure that trenches are inspected by a competent
person prior to entry and after any hazard-increasing
event

14. OSHA Standards
Cranes
Hazard
Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are
not inspected before use and if they are not used
properly.
Solutions
Check all crane controls to insure proper operation
before use.
Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.

15. OSHA Standards
Cranes
Solutions
Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane’s rated
capacity.
Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the
effectiveness of the brake system.

16. OSHA Standards
Cranes
Solutions
Do not move a load over workers.
Barricade accessible areas within the crane’s swing
radius.
Watch for overhead electrical distribution and
transmission lines and maintain a safe working
clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical
lines.

17. OSHA Standards
Head Protection
Hazard
Serious head injuries can result from blows to the head.
Solutions
Be sure that workers wear hard hats

18. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic
Materials
Heat Cold

19. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Cab enclosures can be used on construction equipment
to protect equipment operators from equipment noise.
The use of such enclosures has necessitated improved
equipment instrumentation to enable the operator to
determine whether the machine is operating properly
without depending on the sound of the equipment's
operation.

20. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Although the use of operator enclosures permits an
improved operator environment, it also creates a safety
hazard, because it is difficult for workers outside the
enclosures to communicate with the equipment operator.
As a result, increased attention must be given to the use
of guides, backup alarms, and hand signals if accidents
are to be avoided.

21. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
In addition to creating a safety hazard due to loss of
visibility, dust may be responsible for a number of lung
diseases.
Silica dust and asbestos dust are particularly dangerous
and produce specific lung diseases (asbestosis and
silicosis).
Heat Cold

22. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Asbestos dust has also been found to be a cancer-
producing agent. As a result, OSHA safety and health
standards limit the concentration of dust to which
workers may be exposed.
The allowable concentration of asbestos particles is, as
you might expect, quite low.
Heat Cold

23. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Ionizing radiation is produced by X-ray equipment and by
radioactive material.
Such radiation may be present on the construction site
when X-raying welds, measuring soil density, or
performing nondestructive materials testing.
Heat Cold

24. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
only well-trained employees should be permitted to
operate such equipment.
Workers must be provided anti laser eye protection when
working in areas having a potential exposure to laser
light output greater than 5 mW.
Heat Cold

25. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Construction workers may accidentally encounter toxic
materials at any time, particularly on reconstruction
projects.
Every effort must be made to locate and properly protect
utility lines during excavation operations.
Heat Cold

26. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
The air in a work area should be tested whenever an
oxygen deficiency or toxic gas is likely to be
encountered.
Specific safety procedures and protective equipment
should be provided if hazardous liquids or solids are
likely to be encountered.
Heat Cold

27. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Construction workers are often required to work under
high-temperature conditions.
Fortunately, the human body will acclimate itself to high-
temperature conditions within a period of 7 to 10 days.
Heat Cold

28. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
serious heat illness may result when workers are not
properly acclimated and protected. Medical effects range
from fatal heat stroke to minor heat fatigue.
It is particularly important to health that the body's water
and salt levels be maintained.
Heat Cold

29. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials
Methods for reducing heat effect on workers include:
- use of mechanical equipment to reduce physical labor
requirements,
- scheduling hot work for the cooler part of the day,
- use of sun shields, providing cool rest areas [optimum
temperatures about 77°F (25°C)],
- providing a water and salt supply easily accessible to
workers, and
-use of proper hot-weather clothing.
Heat Cold

30. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
Medical effects of cold include:
-frostbite,
-trench foot,
-general hypothermia (reduction of the core body
temperature).
General hypothermia is usually fatal when the body
core temperature drops below 65°F (18°C).

31. Environmental Health in Construction
Noise Dust Radiation
Toxic Materials Heat Cold
The major requirement for successful cold-weather
construction appears to be the provision of adequate
clothing and warming areas.
The use of bulky cold-weather clothing, however,
reduces manual dexterity and may increase the
possibility of accidents.

32. Basic Safety philosophy for Success
Basic Safety philosophy for Success
All accidents are preventable.
No job is worth getting hurt for.
Every job will be done safely.
Incidents can be managed.
Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
Continuous improvement.
Safety as a “way of life” for 24 hours/day

33. Basic Safety Philosophy for Success
Basic Safety philosophy for Success
All individuals have the responsibility and accountability
to identify eliminate or manage risks associated with
their workplace
Legal obligations will be the minimum requirements fro
our health & safety standards
Individual will be trained and equipped to have the skills
and facilities to ensure an accident free workplace

34. Construction Safety Training Video
Introduction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEMeSRUHeAA&list=PLE0E194
0A2726E4AF

35. Construction Safety Training Video
Personal Protective Equipment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl0BfF30tlA&list=
PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

36. Construction Safety Training Video
Fall Protection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adI_Um
93xtw&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

37. Construction Safety Training Video
Elevated Work Platforms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM81CT
Gvwd8&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

38. Construction Safety Training Video
Material Handling and Storage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM81CT
Gvwd8&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

39. Construction Safety Training Video
Power Tools and Electrical Safety
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXgahx
gTJUQ&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

40. Construction Safety Training Video
Haz-Com Program
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
MUGfIQ4f1U&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

41. Construction Safety Training Video
Fire Protection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tnYyDT
RHIo&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF

42. Construction Safety Training Video
Conclusion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1onBO
OzopQ&list=PLE0E1940A2726E4AF