This document discusses construction safety. It identifies the main causes of accidents as unsafe work practices, physical conditions, or a lack of knowledge or skill. It outlines various preventative techniques including administrative policies and engineering controls. Specific safety issues covered include working at heights, ladder safety, excavation work, crane safety, traffic safety, and proper use of personal protective equipment. The document emphasizes that all accidents are preventable by prioritizing safety over expediency and making it a shared responsibility of all workers.

1. KNOW SAFETY | NO ACCIDENTS
NO SAFETY | KNOW ACCIDENTS

2. Construction Safety

3. Causes of Accidents :
 Direct Cause:
 Unsafe Work Practice or Unsafe Act
 Unsafe Physical Condition
 Combination of Both
Construction Safety

4. Causes of Accidents :
 Indirect Cause:
 Lack of Knowledge and Skill
 Physiological Unsuitability
 Psychological Unsuitability
Construction Safety

5. Preventive Techniques :
 Administrative Technique
 Safety Policy
 Safety Education & Training
 Selection & Placement
 Safety Meeting
 Safety Promotional Activities
 Safety Committee
 Motivation, Persuasion & Appeal
 Disciplinary Action
Construction Safety

6. Preventive Techniques :
 Engineering Technique
 Safe Designing
 Safe Construction
 Improved Physical Work Arrangements
 Isolation and/or enclosure to dangerous
operations/processes
 Substitution of more hazardous material by less
hazardous material
 Controlled operations and process
Construction Safety

7. Presentation Contents :
 Introduction – A Few facts
 Construction Accidents
 Safe Access On-Site
 Working at Height
 Ladder Safety
 Roof Safety
 Excavation Work
 Crane Safety
 Traffic vehicles & Plant
 Goods Hoist
 Electricity
 Working Near Sewage
 PPE
 Safety Success
Construction Safety

8.  The first week on each new site is
the most dangerous
 Accidents are more frequent at the
end of the day
 Small building jobs are the most
risky
 Safety helmets, Hi-viz jackets,
safety boots do prevent injury and
death
 Light weight shoes-such as trainers
or runners are not suitable on site
A FEW FACTS :
Construction Safety

9. Construction Accidents :
Breakdown of fatalities according to type of
accident in construction industry
 56% falls from height
 21% trapped by something collapsing or
overturning
 10% struck by a moving vehicle
 5% contact with electricity or electrical
discharge
 4% struck by a flying/falling object during
machine lifting of materials
 3% contact with moving machinery or material
being machined
 1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance
Construction Safety

10. Safe Access On Site :
 Everyone can get to their place of work safely
 Edges from which people could fall are
provided with double guard rails or other
suitable edge protection
 Holes are protected with clearly marked and
fixed covers to prevent falls
 Site is tidy
 Good lighting
 Fenced off from public
Construction Safety

11. • TYPES OF PERMIT
1. Work permits will applied at
construction area
• Hot Work - This permit is required
when using spark or flame producing
equipment and for vehicle entry into a
restricted area.
• Cold Work - This permit is for work
that will not produce sufficient
energy to ignite flammable
atmospheres/materials
• Confined Space Entry
This permit is required for tank
cleaning, tank inspection, work in
sewers or excavations.
• Excavation work permit

12. EMERGENCY RULES
 EVACUATION SIREN
 ESCAPE ROUTES
 ASSEMBLY POINTS
 PERSONNEL
ACCOUNT BY AREA
COORDINATOR

13. Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites
Cut-outs in floors, gaps on working platforms, Shafts
and stairwells not adequately covered, barricaded,
fenced off, open floor edges
Working at Height :
 Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is
crazy
 Never use incomplete scaffolding.
 Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards at all
edges
 Things fall on sites, wear your helmet
 Before starting work at heights check for clearance from
any overhead power lines
 Always use fall arrestors & harnesses at the time of
work at height
Construction Safety

14.  Right for the job. Would scaffolding
be better?
 In good shape
 Secured near the top
 On a firm base and footing
4 up – 1 out
 Rising at least 1 meter beyond the
landing place or that there is a proper
hand hold
Always have a firm grip on the ladder and
keep a good balance
LETHAL LADDERS :
Ladders kill a lot of people…
Make sure the ladder is:
Construction Safety

15. Safe Ladders :
 Never allow more than one person on a ladder
 Use tool belts or hand lines to carry objects.
 Do not lean out from the ladder in any direction
 If you have a fear of heights – don’t climb a
ladder
 Do not allow others to work under a ladder in use
Construction Safety

16. Do not use the top
or top step of a
stepladder as a
step
PORTABLE LADDERS

18. SCAFFOLDING
 Any working over than 1.82 meter shall be
done using scaffold
 Scaffolds will be erected, dismantled and
inspected by trained and certified supervisor

19. CONSTRUCTION COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLD
 FOUNDATION
 TOE-BOARDS
 HANDRAILS
 MIDRAILS
 BRACING
 LADDER
WITH GUARD
RAILS
 PLATFORMS
 TAGGING

20. TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
 FIXED SCAFFOLDING
MOBILESCAFFOLDING

21. THE ROOF : A RISKY PLACE TO BE . . .
Very Simply :
 Always inspect a roof before you walk
on it
 You must have protection to stop you
from falling off the edge
 You must use proper safety harnesses
and running cables when working on
top of a roof
Remember: a walk along a fragile roof
could be your last
50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls
thru’ fragile materials, 30% are falls from
edges and openings
Construction Safety

22.  All excavations deeper than
1.25meters MUST be shored or
battered.
 Excavations deeper than 2 meters
MUST have a guard rail or barrier
on their wall edges
 Do not allow heavy vehicles near
to the trench edges
(barricade by 3mts. Distance from
the edge)
EXCAVATION WORK…
If you want to avoid accidents apply these rules:
Construction Safety

23. EXCAVATION HAZARDS
 COLLAPSE OF
EARTHWORK
 ASPHYXITION
FROM EXHAUST
GASES
 WORKING
TOOCLOSE
TOGETHER
 EXCAVATED
SAND
 P.P.E

24.  Make sure the excavation is
inspected daily
 Make sure you know where any
underground pipes and cables
are before you hit them
REMEMBER:
There is no safe ground that “will
Not collapse”
Trench sides can collapse without
any warning
EXCAVATION WORK :
Construction Safety

25. CONFIND SPACE ENTERY
A space that:
 Is large enough and so configured that an employee
can enter bodily and perform work;
 Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
 Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

27.  The weight of the load must be carefully
estimated
 The crane must be fitted with an
automatic safe load indicator (one that
works)
 The crane must always work on a hard,
level base
 The load must be properly fixed and
secured
 The banksman must be trained to give
clear signals
 NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load
CRANE SAFETY :
Very Simply :
Construction Safety

28. LIFTING OPERATION & CRANE HAZARDS
 Competent Rigger one to be assigned to follow all
lifting operations
 Lifting plan and risk assessment before any lifting
operations
 Lifting area to be barricaded and empty from
unauthorized persons
 Tool box Talk before any lift
 When wind velocities are above 32 km/h lifting
operation to be stopped

29. Traffic Vehicles & Plant :
 Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart
on-site – separate them as much as possible
using barriers
 Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles
 Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way
system
 Vehicles should have reversing alarms/sirens
 Passengers only on vehicles designed to carry
them
Construction Safety

30. Hoists :
Good Safety Practice
 Installed by a competent person
 Rated capacity clearly marked
 Current examination and
inspection report
 Suitable base enclosure to
prevent people being struck
by moving part of hoist
 Landing gates kept shut except when platform
is at landing
Construction Safety

31.  Treat electricity with respect
 Always use proper Circuit Breakers for
any live connections
 Check constantly that cables
are not damaged or worn
 Keep trailing cables off the
ground and away from water
 Never overload or use
makeshift plugs and fuses
ELECTRICITY :
Good practice with electricity on site :
Construction Safety

32. General Precautions
 ELECTRICAL CORDS
 GROUNDING(EARTHING)
 P.P.E
 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
 TAGGING
 EXPLOSION PROOF
 OVER CURRENT
PROTECTION DEVICES
 ELECTRICAL SHOCK
 ELECTROCUTION
 LOCK OUT &TAGOUT

33. Welding and Cutting
 Personnel working with welding equipment shall be
trained, competent, and provided with personal
protection equipment. Welding goggles, helmets,
screens
 Any flammable materials should be removed before
starting hot work.

34. Compressed Gas Cylinder
 STORAGE
 HANDLING
 HAZARDOUS

35. General Precautions
 Face Shield & welding
Gloves
 Cylinder Hoses
 Grinding Machines
 Grinding Wheel
 Non Return Valves
 Welding Machines
 Regulator
 House Keeping
 Fire Extinguisher
 Welding Electrical Cables

36. PPE on-site :
In any construction sites minimum
requirements are :
 Hard hat
 Safety Boots
 Hi-viz jacket
 Safety Glasses
Wear them always for your safety
Construction Safety

37. PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
 MINIMUM P.P.E
REQUIRED
 SAFETY SHOES
 SAFETY HELMET
 GOGGLES
 High Vest
 OTHERS ACCORDING
TO JOB
 GLOVES
 BREATHING APPARTUS
 FACE SHIELDING
 Safety Harness
 WELDING GLOVES

38. The Fire Triangle :
Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the
principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources
separate.
Construction Safety

39. Tetrahedron Of Fire
Fire Exists
Air Oxygen
Heat
Chemical
Reaction
Fuel

40. The Fire :
 Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion +
 Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature +
 Some FUEL or combustible material =
 Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION ,
that is “FIRE”
Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:
Take away any one of these things and the fire will be
Extinguished
Construction Safety

41. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
 SAFETY DATA
SHEETS
 HANDLING
 STORAGE
 DISPOSAL

43. Class A: Combustible Solids-Wood, paper,
cloth, trash, plastics—solids that are not
metals.
Class B: Flammable liquids—gasoline,
acetone, oil, grease, petrol, etc.
Class C: Flammable Gases-LPG, CNG,
Acetylene & Energized electrical equipments,
as long as it’s “plugged in.”
Class D: Metals—potassium, sodium,
aluminium, magnesium. Requires Special Dry
Powder and other special extinguishing
agents.
Fuel Classifications :
Construction Safety

44. Types of Fire Extinguishers :
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight
different classes of fire.
The 4 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (W/Co2) - For ‘A’ Class
2. Mechanical Foam (AFFF) – For ‘A’ & ‘B’ Class
3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – For ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
4. Dry Chemical (ABC) – For ‘A’, ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
Dry Chemical (BC) – For ‘B’ & ‘C’ Class
Construction Safety

45. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep
Construction Safety

46. Pull the pin or safety clip…
This will allow you to
discharge the extinguisher
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety

47. Aim at the base of the fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly right through
and do no good.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety

48. Squeeze, rotate or hit the top of the
handle…
This depresses a pin that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety

49. Sweep from side to side…
.. until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the
extinguisher from a
safe distance away,
then slowly move
forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the
area in case it re-ignites.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Construction Safety

50. BASIC SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR
SUCCESS : A New Safety Culture
 All accidents are preventable.
 No job is worth getting hurt for.
 Every job will be done safely.
 Incidents can be managed.
 Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
 Continuous improvement.
 Safety as a “way of life” for 24 hours/day
 All individuals have the responsibility and
accountability to identify eliminate or manage risks
associated with their workplace
 Legal obligations will be the minimum requirements
fro our health & safety standards
 Individual will be trained and equipped to have the
skills and facilities to ensure an accident free
workplace
Construction Safety

51. No job is so important that it
cannot be done SAFELY
SAFETY FIRST
CONCLUSION :
Construction Safety