peripheral vascular disease

2. PVD refers to disease of blood vessels located out
side the heart & brain where there is narrowing of
blood vessels which restrict the blood flow.
It most commonly occur in the legs, but in some
times seen in the arms where both artery & veins
are affected.
It is also called hardening of the arteries of the
leg.
It is a progressive disease which can produce
gangrene in affected area or it may occur suddenly
due to an embolism which comes from other body
part.

3. Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Raynaud’s disease
Burger disease
High blood level of
the LDL cholesterol &
triglyceride
Low level of good
HDL cholesterol.
Cigarate smoking
DM
A family history of
hypertension
ESRD
Chronic renal
failure
Over weight
Increasing Age
Less physical
activity
Pregnancy
Inflammation of

4. Intermittent claudication:- Here there is painful
cramping of hip or leg especially while walking. The pain
goes with rest.
Burning pain in hands, fingers, feet or toes which may
get better with rest or warming.
Decrease or no feeling or tingling in area of body like
hand or foot
Numbness of the extremities
Deminise size & strength of the calf muscle
A feeling of coldness in the feet.
Change in colour of feet, feet turn pale.
Painful ulcer or gangrene in tissue where there is critical
ischemia.
Week or no pulse in the arteries of your feet

5. History taking
Physical Examination
Ankle brachial index:- Here there is comparison
of blood pressure above & below point of pain.
Doppler Ultrasonography
Peripheral vascular angiography
Cold stimulation test
Magnetic resonance angiography
Treadmill test
Blood test for cholesterol & triglyceride value

6. Antiplatelet medication such as aspirin &
clopidogral
Anti clotting agents such as heparin &
warfarin.
Cholesterol lowering agents such as statins
Medication that increase the blood supply to
the lower extremities such as cilostazol &
pentoxifylline
Medication that control the blood pressure
are vasodilators & calcium channel blocker

7. Arterial bypass surgery with an arterial graft
Thromboendarterectomy:- Clot removal
within the artery
Angioplasty
Atherectomy
Amputation of foot

8. -Ineffective tissue perfusion related to
decrease arterial perfusion
Pain related to decrease blood supply to the
lower extremity.
Activity intolerance related to activity pain
Deficient knowledge: peripheral aterial
disease related to complications, medications or
postoperative care.

9.  Check peripheral pulse, capillary refilling,
temperature & presence of edema in every 4 hours
 Advice the patient to keep the leg below heart level
to improve the blood supply.
 Donot use tight shoes or socks which may reduce
blood supply
 Eat nutritious foods & low fat diet.
 Control blood sugar.
 Advice the patient to avoid cold & drugs that cause
vasoconstriction
 Regular exercise to improve blood supply
 Advice the patient for smoking cessation, control DM,
weight reduction.