DEFINITION, CAUSE, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION, DIAGNOSIS,TREATMENT

2. It is characterized by clotting or thrombosis
& acute recurring inflammation small & medium
size arteries & vein of the feet & hands leading to
restricted blood flow,it can leads to gangrene of
the affected areas. (javed Ansari)

3. Age between 20-40 year
Autoimmune disease cause vasculitis.
Heavy smoking
Family history
Tobacco chewing.
Long term infection of gum.

4. Pain in affected area
Numbness
Colour of hand or feet change to white , blue
& then red.
Tingling or burning sensation
Weakness
Swelling in hand & leg
Reddish blue discoloration
Absence of pedal pulse
Sore on finger & toes. Gangrene

5. Diagnosis according to clinical symptoms such as
numbness, tingling or burning sensation in affected
extremities.
Blood test to find out scleroderma(hardening and
tightening of the skin and connective tissues), lupus, blood
clotting disorder or diabetes tec.
Allen test to check blood flow to the artery carrying blood
to the hand.:- patient make tight fist, which force the blood
out of the hand, doctor press on the arteries at each side of
wrist to slow the flow of the beck to the hand, make hand
loos its normal colour, next patient opens his hand & doctor
release the pressure on the artery , if quickly colour return
to the hand it is normal.
Angiogram, X-Ray.

6. scleroderma

7. lupus

9. Surgical debridement of gangrene.
Stop smoking & tobacco chewing.
Provide medication such as vasodilators,
thrombolytic, anticoagulant to dilate blood vessel,
improve blood flow & dissolve blood clots.
Intermittent compression of the arms & legs to
increase blood flow to extremities.
Vascular surgery to improve blood
Use of growth factor ( therapeutic angiogenesis)&
stem cell injection has been successful in treating
symptoms of the disease.
Avoid affected area to heat or cold should be avoided
Amputation if gangrene.