Periventricular leukomalacia (pvl) is a form of brain damage that affects the white matter of brain, resulting in the cells in the white matter of brain either decaying or dying.

2. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of brain damage
that affects the white matter of brain, resulting in the cells in
the white matter of brain either decaying or dying. In turn, an
area of the brain is left empty, resulting in fluid build-up. It’s
estimated that around 60-100% of all children who have PVL
will also develop cerebral palsy. In most cases, spastic diplegia
is the most typical type of CP that develops due to PVL.
Although uncommon, quadriplegia CP may also develop.

3. Cell damage to the brain’s periventricular tissue as well as a
decrease in blood flow are the two primary reasons that PVL
occurs. In addition, babies born prematurely, especially before
32 weeks gestation, have a heightened risk of PVL.
Unfortunately, premature infants are also at the highest risk
of death should they develop PVL. A host of other conditions
can cause Periventricular leukomalacia including:
 Having twins
 Umbilical cord inflammation
 Antepartum haemorrhage
 Problems with the placental blood vessel
 Chorioamnionitis
 Sepsis and other illnesses in which bacteria enters the
bloodstream
 Lack of oxygen to the periventricular area of the infant’s brain

4. Unfortunately, Periventricular leukomalacia is extremely
difficult to detect, especially in newborns and infants less than
6 months of age. Since PVL mimics so many other medical
conditions and most infants show no outward signs of
impairment, it may take months or even years before a formal
diagnosis is made. However, there are certain signs and
symptoms to look out for, including:
 Difficulties with coordination
 Intellectual and cognitive impairment
 Vision problems
 Hearing impairment

5. If Periventricular leukomalacia is suspected, your child may
need to undergo a series of development assessments in
order to get an accurate diagnosis, as well as a cranial
ultrasound, which is usually reserved until the infant is at
least over 6 months of age, as performing an ultrasound
too early may not detect PVL.Treatment will then depend
upon the severity of the disorder, but typically includes a
series of therapy plans, including physical, massage, and
speech. If vision is impaired, your physician may
recommend corrective vision treatment.

6. Prognosis greatly depends upon the severity of the disease.
While some children will have relatively minor problems,
others may have severe disabilities and deficits for life.The
best course of action is to ensure you and your physician
find and carry out the best treatment plan for your child’s
situation.

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