2. WHAT IS RAYNAUD’S DISEASE??
Raynaud's is a rare disorder that affects the
arteries.
Raynaud's is also called a
disease, syndrome, or phenomenon.
Vasospasm, which is a narrowing of the
blood vessels.
Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood
flow to the fingers and toes.
Also may occur at the tip of ears and nose.
5. CLASSIFICATION
Primary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s disease the
causes is not known.(idiopathic)
Secondary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s
phenomenon where the causes are known.
6. ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S
Cold temperature
Stress
Blood vessels in spasm
7. ETIOLOGY OF SECONDARY RAYNAUD’S
Scleroderma
Lupus.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjogren's syndrome
Diseases of the arteries.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
8. Repetitive actions
Hand and foot injuries
Exposure to certain chemicals
Medicines
Smoking
9. RISK FACTORS….
PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S
Gender
Age
Family history
Living area climate
10. SECONDARY RAYNAUDS’S
Age
Certain disease and condition
Work place
Injury of hand and leg
Repetitive action
Living climate
Smoking
Medicines
11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Become
Small arteries at
Expose to cold / pale, less blood
fingers and toes
triggering factor flow and low O2
vasospasm
supply
Blood flow
Warm up
increase, high O2
(arteries dilate)
supply
Affected area is
Color change to
warm and
bright red
throbbing pain
12. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
$ During the Raynaud’s attack, arteries
become narrow and no blood supply to the
area, this will cause :
# Turn pale or white and then blue
# Feel numb, cold, or painful
# Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb
as
blood flows back to the affected area
13. INVESTIGATION
Cold Stimulation Test
Nailfold Capillaroscopy
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or "sed
rate")
C-reactive protein (CRP) tests
19. NURSING CARE PLAN 1
NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective peripheral
tissue perfusion
related to lack of blood
supply to
extremities.
GOAL: Increased arterial blood supply to
extremities.
20. NURSING RATIONALE
INTERVENTION
Assess the patient for the blood For further investigation and treatment.
circulation,colour and sensation at the
extremities.
Apply warm compress at the affected To promote good blood circulation
area
Administer the medication as prescribed To vasodilate the blood vessel and
by doctor such as vasodilator, calcium increase blood supply to the extremities
channel blockers and alpha blockers
Monitor the blood circulation to the To observe for any further complication
extremities every two hourly (circulation
chart)
Encourage patient to perform extremities Muscular exercises promotes blood flow
exercises while sitting or during work and the development of collateral
circulation
21. EVALUATION : Patients extremities are warm
to touch, improve in colour
and no complain of numbness
.
22. NURSING CARE PLAN 2
NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Anxiety related to
disease process.
GOAL : To reduce the anxiety level of patient
23. NURSING RATIONALE
INTERVENTION
Asses the patient’s anxiety level by For further investigation
observing clients behavior e.g crying
facial expression and anxious.
Reinforce doctor’s explainations to To increase the understanding of patient
patient by using the non medical term about the disease.
Provide moral and emotional support to To provide patient psychological comfort
patient
Encourage diversional theraphy e.g To deviate client’s mind away from the
watching tv, listening songs disease and to avoid patient get mentally
stress
24. EVALUATION : Patient’s anxiety level
decrease and client is more
clear about the disease.
25. NURSING CARE PLAN 3
NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Deficient knowledge
regarding self-care
activities.
GOAL : The patient will able to carry out daily
activity by understanding the
health education given by nurse
based on the disease.
26. NURSING RATIONALE
INTERVENTION
Assess client knowledge level For the nurses to give adequate health
education to the client
Encourage patient to perform extremities To promote the blood flow to the affected
exercises. area
Advise patient to place the fingers or toe The warm water will vasodilate and
under the warm water during the attack. encourage the blood flow.
Advise patient to stop smoking Reducing the risk factor may reduce
symptoms or slow the disease
progression
Advise patient not to wear tight wrist Constrictive clothing and accessories
band or watch and clothings impede circulation.
27. EVALUATION : Client is able to carry out the
daily activities by implementing
the health education
given.
28. CONCLUSION
Raynaud's sometimes is called a disease,
syndrome, or phenomenon.
Is a narrowing of the blood vessels.
Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to
the fingers and toes.
In people who have Raynaud's, the disorder
usually affects the fingers.
In about 40 percent of people who have
Raynaud's, it affects the toes. Rarely, the
disorder affects the nose, ears, nipples, and lips.
29. Has two type of raynaud that is primary and
secondary raynaud disease
In both types of Raynaud's, even mild or brief
changes in temperature can cause
Raynaud's attacks.
People with severe Raynaud's can develop
skin sores or gangrene from prolonged or
repeated Raynaud's attacks.
It can be treated e.g. by placing the hand
under warm water to vasodilate