3. Type 1
(Lack of Insulin)
Type 2
(Resistance to action of
Insulin)
Gestational
(In Pregnancy)
Secondary
(As a result of other
diseases or medicines)
Diabetes
Types of Diabetes
13. The type of kidney damage that can get worse over time and lead to kidney failure:
• Acute kidney disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Kidney stones
• Kidney infection
14. Feeling cold – when others are warm
Shortness of breath – after very little effort
Feeling faint, dizzy, or weak
Trouble thinking clearly
Feeling very itchy
Failing kidneys don't remove extra fluid which cause puffy face, swelling in hands
or feet
Food tastes like metal – wastes in the blood can make food taste different
Ammonia breath which cause bad breath
Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting
Loss of appetite
Getting up during the night to make urine
Foamy or bubbly urine
Brown, red, or purple urine – urine may contain blood
Pressure when you make urine – having difficulty in urinating
15.
16. A blood creatinine test helps to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by
measuring the level of creatinine in your blood.
A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures how much nitrogen from the waste
product urea is in your blood.
A fasting blood glucose test is done to measure your blood sugar. High blood
sugar levels damage blood vessels in the kidneys.
Blood tests measure levels of waste products and electrolytes in your blood that
should be removed by your kidneys.
A blood test for parathyroid hormone (PTH) checks the level of PTH, which helps
control calcium and phosphorus levels.
Urinalysis (UA) and a urine test for microalbumin, or other urine tests, can
measure protein in your urine.
Imaging Tests like ultrasound and CT scan may be used to look for abnormalities in
size or position of the kidneys
Kidney Biopsy is done to evaluate the amount of damage that has occurred in the
kidney
17. Treatments usually consists of measures to help control signs and symptoms, reduce
complications, and slow progression of the kidney disease. They are:
High blood pressure medications
Medications to lower cholesterol levels
Medications to treat anemia
Medications to relieve swelling
Medications to protect your bones
A lower protein diet to minimize waste products in your blood
Treatment for end-stage kidney disease:
Dialysis
Kidney transplant
18. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can't always be prevented, but we can take steps to
reduce the chances of getting the condition.
Stop smoking
Healthy diet like a
low-salt, low-fat diet
Cut down on alcohol
Exercise regularly at
least for 30 minutes
Be careful with painkillers