Nowadays, many researches have been conducted on smart home. Smart home control system (SHCS) can be integrated into an existing home appliances to reduce the need for human intervention, increase security and energy efficiency. We have proposed a smart home system using internet of things and four types of sensors, including PIR, temperature, ultrasonic, and smoke gas sensor for automatic environmental control and intrustion detection. In this paper, the performance of the previously developed prototype of smart home system will be evaluated. First, experiments on various sensors will be conducted. Next, the communicaton channel using wireless and Ethernet modules will be discussed. Moreover, the overall SHCS will be evaluated in terms of hardware and software performance. Additionaly, solar charger enhances the availability of our prototype system. Results showed the effectiveness of our proposed smart home system in the prototype and real life experiments.
GSM Based Home Appliances Monitoring System for Handicapped Peoplepaperpublications3
Abstract: The aim of the project is to use Bluetooth communication for controlling the home appliances and monitoring the main door of home using smartphone. Now-a-days it is a kind of requirement to have a modern technology for security of our homes and also be able to monitor the various activities around without interrupting the current work one is doing. Fine grained access rights are built into the system which also leverages external social networking sites for making access control and invitation interface easier for the end users. So the following system is designed using which a person will be able to control (switch on/off) any of the appliances connected in home. The proposed system consists of a control console interfaced with different sensors using bluetooth. Suspected activities are conveyed to remote user through SMS (Short Message Service) or Call using GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Upon reply, the remote user can control his premises again through GSM-Bluetooth combination.
Communication Methods to build Smart Home Monitoring System: A Surveydbpublications
The inability to access and control the appliances from remote locations is one of the major reasons for energy loss. An android application or any input method is used by the users to give instructions to home automation systems. This system can make use of a host of communication methods such as Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth and ZigBee etc.. Different controlling devices and configurations can be found in existing systems. Such systems have been found already in many places for a wide variety of applications. This paper presents a survey of such systems. Keywords: I
The Smart Home Automation made by using Arduino and Cayenne as IoT middleware to control and monitor through a mobile app and the web from anywhere at anytime.
The system configured to send SMS and Email notification due to the reaction of smoke, temperature, magnetic door, PIR motion sensors.
Abstract: A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.(or) The concept of internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data is defined as “Internet of things”.It is the basic necessity for developing a smart environment in which all the physical appliances communicate with each other to deliver ease of living reducing the manual work up to a great extent. This inter-connected smart environment is the future of electronic universe enabling sophistication to all the time consuming manual data transfers and instructions carried out by the mankind. The infrastructure of information society depends up on IOT, enhancing the opportunities for more direct integration between physical and cyber world. Therefore, ultimately providing improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits.
Keywords: Internet of things, sensors, worldwide controlling, windows application, Internet monitoring, smart sensor calibration.
Title: Smart Home Automation Using IOT (Internet OF Things)
Author: Mr. Jawwad Khizar Patel, Mr. Mohammed Abdul Moyeed, Mr. Syed Ahmed Zayaanuddin, Mr. Mohammed, Mrs E. Shilpa
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
GSM Based Home Appliances Monitoring System for Handicapped Peoplepaperpublications3
Abstract: The aim of the project is to use Bluetooth communication for controlling the home appliances and monitoring the main door of home using smartphone. Now-a-days it is a kind of requirement to have a modern technology for security of our homes and also be able to monitor the various activities around without interrupting the current work one is doing. Fine grained access rights are built into the system which also leverages external social networking sites for making access control and invitation interface easier for the end users. So the following system is designed using which a person will be able to control (switch on/off) any of the appliances connected in home. The proposed system consists of a control console interfaced with different sensors using bluetooth. Suspected activities are conveyed to remote user through SMS (Short Message Service) or Call using GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Upon reply, the remote user can control his premises again through GSM-Bluetooth combination.
Communication Methods to build Smart Home Monitoring System: A Surveydbpublications
The inability to access and control the appliances from remote locations is one of the major reasons for energy loss. An android application or any input method is used by the users to give instructions to home automation systems. This system can make use of a host of communication methods such as Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth and ZigBee etc.. Different controlling devices and configurations can be found in existing systems. Such systems have been found already in many places for a wide variety of applications. This paper presents a survey of such systems. Keywords: I
The Smart Home Automation made by using Arduino and Cayenne as IoT middleware to control and monitor through a mobile app and the web from anywhere at anytime.
The system configured to send SMS and Email notification due to the reaction of smoke, temperature, magnetic door, PIR motion sensors.
Abstract: A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.(or) The concept of internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data is defined as “Internet of things”.It is the basic necessity for developing a smart environment in which all the physical appliances communicate with each other to deliver ease of living reducing the manual work up to a great extent. This inter-connected smart environment is the future of electronic universe enabling sophistication to all the time consuming manual data transfers and instructions carried out by the mankind. The infrastructure of information society depends up on IOT, enhancing the opportunities for more direct integration between physical and cyber world. Therefore, ultimately providing improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits.
Keywords: Internet of things, sensors, worldwide controlling, windows application, Internet monitoring, smart sensor calibration.
Title: Smart Home Automation Using IOT (Internet OF Things)
Author: Mr. Jawwad Khizar Patel, Mr. Mohammed Abdul Moyeed, Mr. Syed Ahmed Zayaanuddin, Mr. Mohammed, Mrs E. Shilpa
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Developed a home security system to protect occupants from fire and intrusion. The device sends SMS to the emergency number provided to it via GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) module. Led my group and implemented the device successfully.
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBeeTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN) (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay, lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with the new reading.
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM VIA INTERNET USING ANDROID PHONE IJRISE Journal
This paper presents a low cost, flexible and standalone home devices control and monitoring system using an embedded arduino micro-web server, with real IP connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using Android based Smart phone app running on android platform. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment. Devices such as light switches, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors, smoke/gas sensors and sirens have been integrated in the system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smart home system.
The home automation becomes important, because it gives the user the comfortable and easily for using the home devices. The implementation and design of wireless home automation control used two methods, WLAN technology and RF remote control handheld to control of the selective home devices with integral security and protected system. The system is low cost and flexible with the increasing variety of devices to be controlled.
IOT: Home Automation using Android ApplicationNikhil Jadav
Mobile devices are ideal in providing a user interface, they are portable and their wide range of capabilities. They can communicate with the Home automation network through an internet gateway, and also it can also directly, as these devices usually implement low power communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi.
Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) is part of the internet that all objects around us. IoT has a very wide and includes variety of objects like electronics product appliances and sensors [4] This research paper aims to design a smart home system by utilizing
Raspberry Pi controlled Home AutomationRaiz Maharjan
A project report of Home Automation that allows users to remotely control home appliances using android app, also equipped with live streaming feature.
Design and implementation home security system and monitoring by using wirele...IJECEIAES
The dramatic advancments on communication and networking technologies have led to the emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT technology has opened the door for various applications. In particular, the home automation was one of the common applications that took the advantage of IoT. Several research efforts have addressed the home automation system using IoT covering wide range of functionalities. One of the concerning tasks is providing a secure system that can give alarms for suspicious activities within the house. This paper presents a secure house system based on IoT where several activities are being sensed and detected. Specifically, gas, humidity, body temperature and motion have been considered within the sensing based on two main types of micro-controller including Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Consequentially, an Android prototype has bene developed in order to give an interactive interface for warning the house owner regarding any suscpicious activities. Results of simulation demonstrated the efficancy of the proposed system.
The design of a smart home controller based on ADALINETELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposes a prototype of an improved smart home controller that implements a neural network-based algorithm for enabling the controller to make decisions and act based on the current condition. Unlike previous approaches, this design also utilizes the use of IoT (internet of thing) technology and neural network based-algorithm for developing the controller. Since a smart home is equipped with various sensors, actuators, smart appliances, and mobile terminals, all of these devices need to be connected to the Internet to be able to communicate and provide services for its occupants. The construction of the proposed controller is carried out through several procedures, i.e. the implementation of the ADALINE (adaptive liniear) as the neural network method, the design of the smart home controller prototype, and the validation process using mean average percentage error (MAPE) calculation. This prototype integrates functionalities of several household appliances into one application controlled by a smartphone. ADALINE is applied as an algorithm to predict output when the controller is in automatic mode. Although the obtained accuracy value is still not satisfactory, the value is bound to change when testing on more data. The work published in this paper may encourage the implementation of smart technology in more households in Indonesia.
Energy Management with Disaster Intimation and Control using IoTIJEACS
In the area of digitization and automation, the life of
human being is getting simpler as almost everything is
automated. Nowadays humans have made internet an integral
part of their everyday life without which they are helpless.
Internet of things (IoT) gives a platform which allows different
devices to inter-connect, sense and control the things remotely
across a network infrastructure without any limitation to the
coverage area. In our proposed work, we stress on Wireless-
Home-Automation-System (WHAS) using IoT, it is a system uses
computers or smart phone to control basic home functions and
features automatically through internet from anywhere around
the world, an automated home is sometimes called a smart home.
The proposed system is able to monitor the entire things
connected to the internet and also to be maintaining the status of
individual devices for further action. We have built the home
automation with several devices and sensors, here sensor help to
monitor the device status and intimate the authorized person to
take particular action.
Developed a home security system to protect occupants from fire and intrusion. The device sends SMS to the emergency number provided to it via GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) module. Led my group and implemented the device successfully.
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBeeTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN) (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay, lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with the new reading.
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM VIA INTERNET USING ANDROID PHONE IJRISE Journal
This paper presents a low cost, flexible and standalone home devices control and monitoring system using an embedded arduino micro-web server, with real IP connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using Android based Smart phone app running on android platform. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment. Devices such as light switches, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors, smoke/gas sensors and sirens have been integrated in the system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smart home system.
The home automation becomes important, because it gives the user the comfortable and easily for using the home devices. The implementation and design of wireless home automation control used two methods, WLAN technology and RF remote control handheld to control of the selective home devices with integral security and protected system. The system is low cost and flexible with the increasing variety of devices to be controlled.
IOT: Home Automation using Android ApplicationNikhil Jadav
Mobile devices are ideal in providing a user interface, they are portable and their wide range of capabilities. They can communicate with the Home automation network through an internet gateway, and also it can also directly, as these devices usually implement low power communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi.
Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) is part of the internet that all objects around us. IoT has a very wide and includes variety of objects like electronics product appliances and sensors [4] This research paper aims to design a smart home system by utilizing
Raspberry Pi controlled Home AutomationRaiz Maharjan
A project report of Home Automation that allows users to remotely control home appliances using android app, also equipped with live streaming feature.
Design and implementation home security system and monitoring by using wirele...IJECEIAES
The dramatic advancments on communication and networking technologies have led to the emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT technology has opened the door for various applications. In particular, the home automation was one of the common applications that took the advantage of IoT. Several research efforts have addressed the home automation system using IoT covering wide range of functionalities. One of the concerning tasks is providing a secure system that can give alarms for suspicious activities within the house. This paper presents a secure house system based on IoT where several activities are being sensed and detected. Specifically, gas, humidity, body temperature and motion have been considered within the sensing based on two main types of micro-controller including Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Consequentially, an Android prototype has bene developed in order to give an interactive interface for warning the house owner regarding any suscpicious activities. Results of simulation demonstrated the efficancy of the proposed system.
The design of a smart home controller based on ADALINETELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposes a prototype of an improved smart home controller that implements a neural network-based algorithm for enabling the controller to make decisions and act based on the current condition. Unlike previous approaches, this design also utilizes the use of IoT (internet of thing) technology and neural network based-algorithm for developing the controller. Since a smart home is equipped with various sensors, actuators, smart appliances, and mobile terminals, all of these devices need to be connected to the Internet to be able to communicate and provide services for its occupants. The construction of the proposed controller is carried out through several procedures, i.e. the implementation of the ADALINE (adaptive liniear) as the neural network method, the design of the smart home controller prototype, and the validation process using mean average percentage error (MAPE) calculation. This prototype integrates functionalities of several household appliances into one application controlled by a smartphone. ADALINE is applied as an algorithm to predict output when the controller is in automatic mode. Although the obtained accuracy value is still not satisfactory, the value is bound to change when testing on more data. The work published in this paper may encourage the implementation of smart technology in more households in Indonesia.
Energy Management with Disaster Intimation and Control using IoTIJEACS
In the area of digitization and automation, the life of
human being is getting simpler as almost everything is
automated. Nowadays humans have made internet an integral
part of their everyday life without which they are helpless.
Internet of things (IoT) gives a platform which allows different
devices to inter-connect, sense and control the things remotely
across a network infrastructure without any limitation to the
coverage area. In our proposed work, we stress on Wireless-
Home-Automation-System (WHAS) using IoT, it is a system uses
computers or smart phone to control basic home functions and
features automatically through internet from anywhere around
the world, an automated home is sometimes called a smart home.
The proposed system is able to monitor the entire things
connected to the internet and also to be maintaining the status of
individual devices for further action. We have built the home
automation with several devices and sensors, here sensor help to
monitor the device status and intimate the authorized person to
take particular action.
UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATIONIJCNCJournal
This paper presents a flexible standalone, low cost smart home system, which is based on the Android app communicating with the micro-web server providing more than the switching functionalities. The Arduino Ethernet is used to eliminate the use of a personal computer (PC) keeping the cost of the overall system to a inimum while voice activation is incorporated for switching functionalities. Devices such as light switches, power plugs, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, current sensors, intrusion detection sensors, smoke/gas sensors and sirens have been integrated in the system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smart home system. The smart home app is tested and it is able successfully perform the smart home operations such as switching functionalities, automatic environmental control and intrusion detection, in the later case where an email is generated and the siren goes on.
Investigation of Internet of Things
The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
Smart home control system (SHCS) can be integrated into an existing home appliances to reduce the need for human intervention, increase security and energy efficiency. However, it is still an open problem due to difficulties such as network distance, signal interference, not user friendly, increased cost and power consumption. This paper reviews various topics on smart home technologies including control system, smart home network, smart home appliance and sensor technologies for smart home. In this research, the proposed prototype of home automation allows users to remotely switch on or off any household appliances based on Internet of Things (IoT) with the enhancement of solar charger. This prototype uses four types of sensors i.e. PIR sensor, temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor and smoke gas sensor for automatic environmental control and intrusion detection. The hardware, software, and test field design will be discussed in this paper.
Design and Implementation of a Contactless Smart House Network System IJECEIAES
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is every object around us and it is used to connect these objects to the Internet to verify Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. The smart house system is the most important application of IoT technology; it is increase the quality of life and decrease the efforts. There were many problems that faced the existing smart house networking systems, including the high cost of implementation and upgrading, high power consumption, and supported limited features. Therefore, this paper presents the design and implementation of smart house network system (SHNS) using Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms as network infrastructure with ZigBee technology as wireless communication. SHNS consists of two main parts: the main station part and the wireless house nodes part. The local wireless communication between the house nodes and the main station is done through ZigBee technology with low power and low data rate. The mode of operation of these house nodes can be configured dynamically by the end user and determined multicast or broadcast operation according to the user requirements. The implementation and upgrading of SHNS are costless, flexible and required less power comparing with other reviewed systems.
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
401
house to the outside internet world. Internet of Things refers to a network of objects, where all things are
uniquely and universally addressable, identified and managed by computers. It is a collection of technologies
that makes it possible to connect things like sensors and actuators to the Internet [5].
Figure 1. Relationship between Intelligent Buildings, Home Automation, and Smart Homes
From the invention of embedded smart home many decades ago until today, numerous researchers
and developers envisioned, designed and developed ubiquitous applications, to transform physical
environments into smart spaces. The purpose of smart home project includes HVAC (Heater, Ventilation,
and Air Conditioning), lighting, energy monitor, and security [6], [7]. Many researchers used ZigBee and
SAANet protocol to develop their smart home project [4], [8], [9]. Meanwhile, the authors in [10] designed
smart home by using OSGi technology as home network subsystem. OSGi technology is a set of
specifications that defines a dynamic component system for Java.
Although many researches have been conducted on smart home system, but it still needs further
improvement on the user friendly and reduce its complexity for the wide implementation. In [2], we have
designed a prototype of smart home system, while in [11] we have added the security feature by face
indentification. In this paper the performance of the prototype system will be evaluated in more details. First,
experiments on various sensors will be conducted. Next, the communicaton channel using wireless and
Ethernet modules will be discussed. Moreover, the overall smart home system using IoT will be evaluated in
terms of hardware and software performance.
2. PROTOTYPE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART HOME CONTROL SYSTEM
Figure 2(a) shows our proposed smart home control system (SHCS) as have been discussed in [2].
The proposed system consists of a website platform and an Ethernet based micro web-server. User need to
configure the IP addres of the SHCS and subsequently access the server at the web browser. PIN is required
to access the main page. The website is kept in idle mode and will be refreshed in every 1 second
(configurable) so that it can be updated with the current sensor reading. A command string is decoded if the
user enter a command key which is interpreted by microcontroller and HIGH or LOW output is produced to
the relay circuit. This in turns enables a low voltage Arduino to control a high voltage home appliances.
Figure 2(b) shows the primary test field of SHCS that has been developed to monitor the temperature, user
location, and swith electrical appliances. In addition, Figure 3(a) shows the top view of test field design
created using Solidworks, while Figure 3(b) shows the actual prototype.
As discussed in [2], we have designed a website Graphical User Interface (GUI) to interface
between user, sensors, and electronic appliances using Arduino IDE. User can control the home appliances
either to turn it on or off at any time. The website also displays current gas and temperature reading.
Notification is shown when the PIR sensor detects a human motion in the room and ultrasonic sensor detects
a car at main gate. Users can use the GUI without any complexity on understanding and learning the
command language. Exchange of data between applications on the Internet is achieved by using webserver
with simple HTML.
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 400 – 411
402
(a) Block Diagram of the Proposed SHCS (b) Actual Hardware Implementation
Figure 2. Proposed Smart Home Control System [2]
(a) The Top View of Test Field Design (b) Actual Prototype
Figure 3. Prototype Design and Implementation [2]
3. EXPERIMENTS ON VARIOUS SENSORS AND DATA COMMUNICATION
In this section, various experiments were conducted to evaluate various sensors used and wireless
communication. The experiments were designed in order to verify the performance of the selected sensors
and data communication in daily life. Each experiments were repeated three or five times to obtain an
accurate measurement.
3.1. Experiments on the Ultrasonic, PIR, Gas, and Temperature Sensors
For this experiment, the ultrasonic sensor will read distance of an object within the echo range and
display the distance in centimeter at the serial monitor as illustrated in Figure 4. The ultrasonic contained one
trigger pin as input and one echo pin as output. First, the trigger pin need to be initialized as HIGH and
delayed for 10 microsecond. The echo pin will read the pulse produced by the trigger pin. Since the analog
value is in PWM, the distance can be calculated as follows [12]:
(1)
where d is the ditstance in centimeter, W is the pulse width, and K is constant, i.e. 29.1 pulse/cm.
We repeated each experiment for three time, the error percentage is calculated as follows:
∑ (
̅
) (2)
where dn is the measured distance for trial n and ̅ is the average distance, and N is the number of trials.
Table 1 shows the ultrasonic distance measurement result by varying the distance parameter from 5
to 100 cm. From the table, it is shown that the nearer object to the ultrasonic sensor, the lower the distance
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
403
error reading. It is observed that the ultrasonic has high sensitivity at distance ranging from 0 to 70cm. After
70cm, the distance accuracy is low and produce more than 10% error reading. From this experiment, it can be
concluded that our ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the objects less than 70 cm distance. The ultrasonic
sensor with higher accuracies could be utilized if the proposed system is required to detect longer distance.
(a) Circuit Connection (b) Serial Monitor Reading (c) Experimental Setup
Figure 4. Ultrasonic Sensor Experiment
Table 1. Experimental Results of Ultrasonic Sensor for Various Distances
Distance (cm)
Ultrasonic Reading (cm)
% Error
1st
trial 2nd
trial 3rd
trial Average
5 5 6 5 5.3 6.7
10 10 10 10 10.0 0.0
15 15 16 17 16.0 6.7
20 21 20 23 21.3 6.7
30 31 32 30 31.0 3.3
40 40 40 40 40.0 0.0
50 52 52 51 51.7 3.3
60 61 64 62 62.3 3.9
70 72 73 68 71.0 1.4
80 85 100 80 88.3 10.4
90 120 100 100 106.7 18.5
100 150 120 122 130.7 30.7
Passive infrared (PIR) sensor is made of a pyro-electric sensor which can detect levels of infrared
emission. PIR sensor produce HIGH output when human presence is detected. The experiment is conducted
in two scenario: static and moving object. When the PIR sensor detects human presence, it will turn on the
lamp and display Room: Y (yes) in the LCD screen, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. PIR Sensor Experiment
Table 2 shows the experimental results of PIR sensor for each moving and static objects for 10
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 400 – 411
404
trials. It could be concluded that the PIR sensor can only detect the human presence when it is in motion.
Static human presence will produce false reading with 90% of error. In real life situation, this simple and
cheap PIR sensor could be replaced by more advanced but more expensive Omron D6T MEMS Thermal IR
sensor. The D6T sensor is capable of monitoring an area for a variety of heat sources for energy saving,
security or safety monitoring.
Table 2. Experimental Results of PIR Sensor
Scenario No of Trials Success trials (Notification) Failed trials (No signals) % Error (Failed/Total trial)
Moving objects 10 6 4 40.0
Static objects 10 1 9 90.0
The gas sensor is sensitive to flammable and combustible gasses. The MQ2 gas sensor was selected
in our research due to its ability to detect gas leakage, such as LPG, i-butane, methane, alcohol, hydrogen,
smoke, etc. The sensor sensitivity can be adjusted by the potentiometer attached to the module. Figure 6
shows the MQ2 gas sensor experiment. From MQ2 datasheet, it was found that the higher the analog voltage
reading (Vg in volt), the higher the gas concentration (C in ppm) as follows:
(3)
The unit of gas concentration is measured in ppm, which is the most common unit of measurement
for toxic gases. A ―10,000 parts per million‖ gas concentration level equals a 1% by volume exposure.
Table 3 presents the gas sensor test results for five trials that have been conducted in the normal surrounding,
flame gas and perfume environment. It can be concluded that the measured results is in the range of ppm
standard for normal surrounding, carbon monoxide gas and ethanol alcohol gas.
(a) Circuit Connection (b) ppm Serial Monitor Reading (c) Experimental Setup
Figure 6. MQ2 Gas Sensor Experiment
Table 3. Experimental Results of MQ2 Gas Sensor
Scenario
Gas Sensor Reading (ppm)
ppm Standard
1st
trial 2nd
trial 3rd
trial 4th
trial 5th
trial Average
Normal Surrounding 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0-8
Flame gas 211.29 122.95 103.91 164.64 186.72 157.9 100-300
Alcohol from perfume 2314.89 1038.53 2229.55 2286.1 1260.68 1825.95 1000-2000
DHT-22 humidity and temperature sensor was selected in this research due to its low error and high
precision with over 20 m measured distance, as shown in Figure 7. For the temperature sensor, the value of
temperature was get from the library imported to the Arduino and the value is in o
C. The temperature sensor
is tested in room temperature, body sensor by placing finger at the temperature sensor and flame temperature
by placing lighter near to the temperature sensor as discussed in Table 4. From this experiment, it can be
concluded that the selected temperature sensor is suitable to measure the room temperature on a normal
condition or in the case of emergency.
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
405
(a) DHT-22 Temperature Sensor (b) Humidity and Temperature Serial Monitor Reading
Figure 7. DHT-22 Temperatre and Humidity Sensor Experiment
Table 4. Experimental Results of DHT-22 Temperature Sensor
Scenario
Temperature Reading (o
C)
Standard Temperature (o
C)
1st
trial 2nd
trial 3rd
trial 4th
trial 5th
trial Average
Room temperature 24.21 24.10 24.10 24.10 24.10 24.10 24-30
Body temperature 35.21 35.22 35.22 35.23 35.22 35.22 37
Flame temperature 40.01 41.02 43.56 44.23 45.66 42.90 1000
3.2. Experiments on Wireless and Ethernet Data Communication
Serial communication between APC220 wireless module and Arduino is accomplished by
connecting the Rx pin of APC 220 to Tx pin of Arduino. APC220 Rx pin is connected because APC220 is
reading data from Arduino. The serial baud of Arduino and APC220 should be the same to enable the serial
communication. The Arduino must be supplied by external power supply (not from laptop USB) to avoid the
COM port conflict with the APC 220. However, this problem can be overcome by applying software serial
library that allows APC220 to be connected to digital pin 6 and 7 instead of pin 0 and 1 for TX RX serial
communication. In the experiment, user input from serial monitor is transmitted through wireless APC220
module to Arduino. Character ‗g‘ is transmitted from the monitor and if the ‗g‘ character is received at
Arduino, it will turns ON the fan as shown in Figure 8. From the experiment, the data can be transmitted up
to 1000m range line of sight. The APC220 also managed to penetrates wall with very low observed delay.
This is shown in Table 5, in which the percentage error is 0% during transmission of 10 meters between line
of sight and across building.
Figure 8. Experiment using APC220 Wireless Module
Table 5. Experimental Results of APC220 Wireless Communication Module
Scenario No of trials
Success trials
(received ‗g‘ character)
Failed trials
(No signals received)
% Error
(Failed/Total Trial)
Line of sight 10 10 0 0.00
Across building 10 10 0 0.00
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 400 – 411
406
In the next experiment, W5100 Ethernet shield is plugged into the Arduino board to keep the USB
features and Arduino general purpose board, and adds Ethernet network connectivity as shown in Figure 9. A
standard in the firmware is required to allow Arduino communicates over the Ethernet cable, and more
generally over an Ethernet network. The shield then is connected to the router using a standard ethernet cable
RJ45 connectors. The shield must be assigned a MAC address and a fixed IP address using the
Ethernet.begin() function. A MAC address is a globally unique identifier hardware address of the
shield. For this experiment, the MAC address is taken from the Arduino library, which is byte
[ ] { }.
As an example, the acquired IP address of the proposed SHCS is 192.168.137.2. Then, the IP
address is used to implement a simple web server based on HTML page. The requests sent by a client, such
as a web browser can be parsed to provide output from the arduino. In this experiment, LED is turn on or off
by entering different urls. To turn on, use http://192.168.137.2/$1 while to turn off use
http://192.168.137.2/$2. The LED is turned on after the webpage is refreshed. Lowering the refresh time can
reduce the transmission delay to the Arduino.
Figure 9. Experiment using W5100 Ethernet Shield
4. EXPERIMENTS ON THE SMART HOME SYSTEM
This section will evaluate the performance of the proposed smart home system, in terms of security,
ability to turn on/off home appliances, display sensor readings, integration with existing home appliances,
and solar charger. Figure 10 shows the proposed overall SHCS circuit.
Figure 10. The Overall SHCS Circuits
4.1. Securing Smart Home System
Security is the main concern when discussing about IoT since it is accessible around the world. Thus
protecting the house in SHCS website from unauthorized users is very important. In our proposed system, we
do simple PIN protection of the SHCS website. After the IP address is entered at the browser, user need to
8. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
407
enter a correct password by pressing the numeric button as shown in Figure 11. Each button has their own
name and value. To read the pressed button, the URL need to be parsed because the client read the URL
character by character. Figure 11 showed that the URL is 192.168.137.2/?b=5. This means button 5 is
currently pressed. The button 5 is programmed with name b and value 5, as shown in the appendix code.
―Incorrect password‖ message is displayed because the programmed PIN is ‗1234‘. After the user is
authenticated and authorized, the SHCS main webpage is displayed and user can then do common household
operations.
(a) PIN keypad display (b) Incorrect PIN display
Figure 11. Simple PIN Security for Smart Home System
Table 6 shows the success rate for the PIN keypad in four character length. As can be seen in the
table, the percentage of success for PIN with different button number have the highest success rate, which is
100%. PIN that have same button number has lower success rate. However, this result will depend on other
variables as well such as the speed of pressing the button, the time duration the button being held down when
being pressed and others. This means other user will have different success rate.
Table 6. Success Rate of Various Sample PIN
PIN test Trial Success trials (Notification) Failed trials (No signals) Percentage of Error (%)
‗1234‘ 10 10 0 0.00
‗1111‘ 10 7 3 30.00
‗1356‘ 10 10 0 0.00
‗9766‘ 10 8 2 20.00
‗1221‘ 10 6 4 40.00
4.2. Controlling Home Appliances
The button in SHCS website enables user to switch on or off the appliances connected directly to
Arduino or to the relay. Table 7 shows the value assigned to the button which is read by the Arduino from the
webserver. This character is used as user case condition to produce desired output of the household
appliances. The example of home appliances that can be switched on/off (close/open) is shown in Figure 12.
Table 7. The Relation between Device and HTML Button Value
No Device Name Button value for ‗ON‘ Button value for ‗OFF‘
1 Front light 1 2
2 Hall light 3 4
3 Kitchen light 5 6
4 Gate z y
5 Room light x w
6 Toilet light v u
7 Blind t s
8 Fan r m
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 400 – 411
408
(a) Hall Light On (b) Fan On
(c) Blind Close (d) Gate Open
Figure 12. Examples of Switching ON/OFF (Open/Close) of Various Home Appliances
4.3. Sensors Reading and Monitoring
The SHCS notification consists of LCD and website to display the emergency occur, such as gas
leakage, fire, or intruder. The LCD is placed at the house wall to ease home monitoring when user is in the
house. As shown in Figure 13, all important data of current sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor and PIR
sensor are collected and displayed. For PIR sensor and ultrasonic sensor, notification ‗Room: Y‘ is displayed
at LCD when human presence is detected or car is approaching at the main gate.
Figure 13. SHCS Sensor Reading and Monitoring
4.4. Integration with Existing Home Appliances
This experiment aims to control AC lighting by using a relay and the user prompt from SHCS
website. A relay is used to control high power device ranging from 12 to 240 V, as shown in Figure 14 and
Figure 15. Several precaution should be taken to handle this dangerous experiment as we are going to deal
with high voltage 220 V. The live wire of AC lamp is connected in series with the NO and COM pin to allow
the relay act as a switch between the plug supply and the lamp. When the relay is in HIGH state, it turns on
the transistor, which in turn energizes the relay‘s coil. Then, the relay‘s switch contacts are closed. This
connects the relay‘s COM pin to the NO (Normally Open) pin and turn ON the AC lamp.
10. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
409
Figure 14. Example of Switching ON/OFF an AC Lamp
(a) Circuit Connection of AC Lamp (b) Relay Schematic Diagram
Figure 15. AC Lamp and Relay Circuits
4.5. Solar Charger Circuit
The solar panel harvest the solar energy and the collected energy will be stored into the batteries via
a solar charger controller which is a DC to DC converter. The DC to AC inverter allows the stored energy to
be generate to the available applications usage. The solar charger circuit, as shown in Figure 16, controls the
harvesting of solar energy and storing the collected energy to the storage batteries. The solar charger
controller consists of three charging stage which are bulk, absorption and float. The battery is recharged
when it is in the bulk and float stage. Besides that, the LCD is used as battery charging indicator which
indicates the battery voltage state. Moreover, it also have a built-in protection circuit which protects the
controller from over charging and discharging plus reverse protection for the battery.
(a) 12V solar panel (b)Three stages of charging
Figure 16. Solar Panel Used and Stages of Charging
11. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 400 – 411
410
Table 8 shows the data of input voltage collected by solar recharge controller system in one day
operation period. The battery has initial start of input voltage from 8.20V at 8.00 hours. At 9.00 hours, the the
battery level is drop to 6.8V. The weak battery then switch on the mosfet in between solar and battery to
allow the solar to recharge the battery. The battery level begins to rise gradually from 6.8V to 8.2V at 9.00
hours to 9.30 hours. Then, the storage batteries are maximum charge by the system at 10.00 hours where the
voltage level collected is 8.946V.
Table 8. Experiment on Solar Charger Circuit
Battery Voltage(V) Solar Voltage(V)
Status
% error ((solar %error +Battery
%error)/2)Solar charge Reading DMM reading Solar charge Reading DMM reading
8.2 8.1 9.30 9.3 full 1.23
6.8 6.8 10.02 9.9 weak 1.21
8.2 8.1 10.00 9.9 full 1.12
5. CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents performance evaluation of the proposed smart home control system. Several
experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of the selected sensors, as well as the data
communication modules using Ethernet W5100 and APC220 Wireles. All the sensors and data
communication modules are connected to Arduino as the IoT platform. Using the Ethernet shield, it is
possible to implement a simple web server which can provide control and instrumentation of the smart home
system. To connect with the real household appliance, like ceiling lamp, ceiling fan, air conditioner, it
requires a proper relay circuit. The designed home experiments was tested a number of times and confirmed
to control different households. The results shows that the SHCS was successfully tested in the prototype and
real environment. Effective performance evaluation is deemed important towards achieving successful smart
home system. The performance is verified with very low percentage error. The results showed that the
developed system improved the traditional smart home system because it can be controlled everywhere
through the IoT, capable to monitor and track any dangerous situation, easy and convenience end-user
interface, protect user security from unauthorized person, and provide backup power supply to the battery
and household. Further research includes energy monitoring and energy saving, enhanced security, and
additional household appliances.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the International Islamic University Malaysia,
which has provided funding for the research through the Research Initiative Grant Scheme, RIGS16-066-230.
REFERENCES
[1] i. networks, "2015 State of the Smart Home Report," [https://www.icontrol.com/blog/2015-state-of-the-smart-
home-report/], Retrieved on: 4 June 2017.
[2] T. S. Gunawan, I. R. H. Yaldi, M. Kartiwi, N. Ismail, N. F. Za'bah, H. Mansor, and A. N. Nordin, "Prototype
Design of Smart Home System using Internet of Things," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, vol. 7, pp. 107-115, 2017.
[3] M. R. Alam, M. B. I. Reaz, and M. A. M. Ali, "A review of smart homes—Past, present, and future," IEEE
Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 42, pp. 1190-1203, 2012.
[4] D.-M. Han and J.-H. Lim, "Design and implementation of smart home energy management systems based on
zigbee," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, 2010.
[5] N. Gershenfeld, R. Krikorian, and D. Cohen, "Internet of Things," Scientific American, 2004.
[6] L. Ningqing, Y. Haiyang, and G. Chunmeng, "Design and implementation of a smart home control system," in
Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC), 2013 Third International
Conference on, pp. 1535-1538, 2013.
[7] M. Wang, G. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, and C. Li, "An IoT-based appliance control system for smart homes," in
Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP), 2013 Fourth International Conference on, pp. 744-747,
2013.
[8] Y.-P. Tsou, J.-W. Hsieh, C.-T. Lin, and C.-Y. Chen, "Building a remote supervisory control network system for
smart home applications," in Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2006. SMC'06. IEEE International Conference on, pp.
1826-1830, 2006.
[9] A. Brush, B. Lee, R. Mahajan, S. Agarwal, S. Saroiu, and C. Dixon, "Home automation in the wild: challenges and
opportunities," in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2115-
2124, 2011.
12. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance Evaluation of Smart Home System using Internet of Things (Teddy Surya Gunawan)
411
[10] S. Bhattacharjee, A. Kumar, and J. RoyChowdhury, "Appliance classification using energy disaggregation in smart
homes," in Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), 2014 International
Conference on, pp. 1-6, 2014.
[11] T. S. Gunawan, M. H. H. Gani, F. D. A. Rahman, and M. Kartiwi, "Development of Face Recognition on
Raspberry Pi for Security Enhancement of Smart Home System," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and
Informatics (IJEEI), vol. 5, pp. 317-325, 2017.
[12] M. Banzi and M. Shiloh, Getting Started with Arduino: The Open Source Electronics Prototyping Platform, Maker
Media, Inc., 2014.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Teddy Surya Gunawan received his BEng degree in Electrical Engineering with cum laude
award from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia in 1998. He obtained his M.Eng degree
in 2001 from the School of Computer Engineering at Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore, and PhD degree in 2007 from the School of Electrical Engineering and
Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Australia. His research interests are
in speech and audio processing, biomedical signal processing and instrumentation, image and
video processing, and parallel computing. He is currently an IEEE Senior Member (since 2012),
was chairman of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society – Malaysia Section (2013 and
2014), Associate Professor (since 2012), Head of Department (2015-2016) at Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Head of Programme Accreditation and Quality
Assurance for Faculty of Engineering (since 2017), International Islamic University Malaysia.
He is Chartered Engineer (IET, UK) and Insinyur Profesional Madya (PII, Indonesia) since
2016.
Intan Rahmithul Husan Yaldi received her BEng degree in Electronics-Computer and
Information Engineering in 2015 from the Department of Elctrical and Computer Engineering,
International Islamic University Malaysia. She is the first winner of 2015 FYP Competition in
the power and energy track organized by IEEE Malaysia. She is currently pursuing her Master at
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Her research interests include signal processing,
instrumentation and mesaurement.
Mira Kartiwi completed her studies at the University of Wollongong, Australia resulting in the
following degrees being conferred: Bachelor of Commerce in Business Information Systems,
Master in Information Systems in 2001 and her Doctor of Philosophy in 2009. She is currently
an Associate Professor in Department of Information Systems, Kuliyyah of Information and
Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia. Her research interests
include electronic commerce, data mining, e-health and mobile applications development.
Hasmah Mansore completed her studies at the University of Salford, UK. She has obtained her
Master of Science and PhD in Control and Automation Engineering from Universiti Putra
Malaysia. Currently she is an Associate Professor at Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department, and starting Jan 2017 she has been the Deputy Dean of Students Affairs, Faculty of
Engineering, IIUM. She is an IEEE member and currently a member of executive committe for
Instrumentaiton and Measurement Society – Malaysia section. Here research interests include
instrumentation and control systems.