This document provides a historical examination of performance enhancing substances and doping in sports. It defines various performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids, blood doping, and human growth hormone. The document traces the history of doping back to ancient Greece and discusses how various international sports organizations have worked to ban doping over the 20th century. It also profiles three famous athletes - Ben Johnson, Marian Jones, and Lance Armstrong - who were caught doping and discusses some lesser known facts about doping scandals.

1. A Historical
examination
PERFORMANCE
ENHANCING SUBSTANCES

2. Performance Enhancing Drugs (P.E.Ds): Are
basically substances used unethically and
illegally in order to improve an individuals
ability to perform.
Doping: Is basically the practice of using
performance enhancing substances.
DEFINITIONS

3.  Blood doping: Is the process of illicitly boosting red
blood cell count in order to bring more oxygen to the
lungs and muscles.
 Anabolic Steroids: Increases strength and lean
muscle mass.
 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Is a Hormone that
comes from the adrenal gland and the brain. DHEA
produces both androgen & estrogen. Synthetic
versions are created and used as (PEDs)
 Human Growth Hormone: A drug which stimulates
cell synthesis and regeneration.
Stimulants: are substances which increase levels
of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
POPULAR FORMS OF DOPING

4.  The practice of using performance enhancing
substances can be dated back to as far as Ancient
Greece.
 The Dutch word ‘Dop’ was the name of a drink used
by Zulu warriors.
 The Term ‘doping’ came about around the 20th
century.
 In 1886 Arthur Linton, a Welsh cyclist died as result
of using trimethyl.
HISTORY

5.  In the 1904 Olympics Thomas Hicks won the
Marathon with the help of raw eggs, injections of
strychnine and doses of brandy.
 In 1928 the IAAF became the first Federation to ban
doping.
 In the period of the 1930’s – 50s the problem of
PEDs became worse.
 In the 1960 Olympic games Danish cyclist Knud
Enemark Jensen died during his race.

6.  In 1966 FIFA and UCI were the first Federations to
introduce blood doping tests before their respective
WC.
 In 1967 The IOC released its first list of prohibited
substances.
 In 1968 Drug tests were first introduced at both the
Winter and Summer Olympic Games.
 In 1973 the 1st World swimming Championships
were held.

7.  In 1975 Anabolic Steroids were banned by the IOC
but then the anti- doping war quickly shifted.
 In 1986 blood doping by means of blood re-infusion
was banned.
 In 1990 Erythropoietin (EPO) was added to the IOC’s
list of banned substances.
 In 1999 (WADA) was established by the IOC.
 At the 2000 Sydney Olympic games the first EPO
detection test was implemented.

8.  In 2004 various police documents released
information on East German athletes under a
massive doping program.
 In 2015 a doping scandal leads the IAAF to condemn
Russia to Exile

10. Pills
Gel Tabs
Orally:
METHODS
OF TAKING
PEDS

11. Intravenously
Intramuscularly
Injections:
METHODS
OF TAKING
PEDS

12. Creams
Creams:
METHODS
OF TAKING
PEDS

13. Ben Johnson
Marian Jones
Lance Armstrong
3 FAMOUS ATHLETES CAUGHT DOPING

14.  Nationality: Canadian
 Sport: Track & Field
 Year Caught: 1988
(Seoul Olympics)
 Substance used:
Stanazolol (Anabolic
Steroids)
 Punishment: Had his
Olympic Gold Medal &
World record rescinded
and was given a 2 year
suspension.
BEN JOHNSON

15. Ben Before Stanazolol Ben After Stanazolol

16. Nationality: American
Sport: Track & Field
Year Caught: 2007
Substance used: “The
Clear”, EPO & HGH
Punishment: Six-
month prison
sentence for perjury &
Rescinded Medals
from 2000 Olympics
MARIAN JONES

17. Nationality:
American
Sport: Cycling
Year Caught: 2012
Substance used:
HGH, Cortisone &
EPO
Punishment:
Stripped of all titles,
and banned for life
LANCE ARMSTRONG

19. “The Dirtiest Race in History”
- 6/8 of the finalist who ran in the Seoul 1988
Olympics 100m final took some form of Performance
enhancing drug or was a part of a drug scandal during
their professional careers.
BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW

20. DIRTIEST RACE IN HISTORY

21. BALCO Scandal
- (The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative) was a sports
nutrition lab which supplied many top athletes with
anabolic steroids for several years unnoticed between
the period of the 1980’s to early 2000’s. The Top
Sports names that surrounded BALCO were Barry
Bonds, Tim Montgomery, Marian Jones and Bill
Romanowski.
BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW

22. A HISTORY OF OLYMPIC DRUG CHEATS

23.  A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANTI-DOPING. (n.d.). Retrieved
from World Anti-Doping Agency: https://www.wada-
ama.org/en/a-brief-history-of-anti-doping
 Doping Scandal. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Telegraph:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/athlet
ics/11995440/Doping-scandal-IAAF-condemns-
Russia-to-a-humiliating-exile-from-world-athletics-
after-emergency-meeting.html
 Kenedy, E. (2014, April 6). 10 Most Shocking Doping
Scandals In Sports History. Retrieved from The
Richest: http://www.therichest.com/sports/other-
sports/10-most-controversial-doping-scandals-in-
sports-history/?view=all
BIBLIOGRAPHY

24.  Performance Enhancing Drugs Education. (n.d.).
Retrieved from National Strength and Conditioning
Association: https://www.nsca.com/performance-
enhancing-drugs-education/
 University Alliance. (n.d.). PED Use in Sports |
History of Performance Enhancing Drugs. Retrieved
from villanova University :
http://www.villanovau.com/resources/bls/ped-use-
in-sports/#.Vrl8dIjR_IU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKqAUm1Tjek&li
st=PL4FBBE500F7DDA1FF