Percura capsules by oral administration. A specially formulated Medical Food product, consisting of a proprietary blend of amino acids in specific proportions, for the dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with pain, inflammation and loss of sensation due to peripheral neuropathy. Must be administered under physician supervision.
Percura is a proprietary formulation of amino acids and other dietary factors to support induction, maintenance, and enhancement of the specific neurotransmitter activity involved in the physiology of neuropathic pain. The formulation consists of nonessential and essential amino acids L-Arginine HCL, L-Histidine HCL, L-Glutamine, L-Serine, L-Lysine, L-Ornithine, Acetyl L-Carnitine, L-Tyrosine, the nonstandard amino acid Gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Choline Bitartrate, Glucose, Inositol, Griffonia Extract griffonia simplicifolia (95% 5-HTP) , and Creatine. These ingredients fall into the classification of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). A GRAS substance is distinguished from a food additive on the basis of the common knowledge about the safety of the substance for its intended use. The standard for an ingredient to achieve GRAS status requires not only technical demonstration of non-toxicity and safety, but also general recognition of safety through widespread usage and agreement of that safety by experts in the field. Many ingredients have been determined by the FDA to be GRAS, and are listed as such by regulation, in Volume 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Sections 182, 184, and 186.
THERAMINE is a safe and effective option for the dietary management of pain without the adverse side effects associates with opioids, NSAIDs or acetaminophen. The efficacy and safety of THERAMINE is supported by two double blind clinical trials and over a decade of clinical use. To learn more about THERAMINE please call (844) 474-3111 or visit www.medicalfoods.com.
AppTrim® is a medical food manufactured in a cGMP certified facility in the United States, that is specially formulated to manage the increased nutritional requirements of obesity. AppTrim provides the specific amino acids and nutrients required by the body to stimulate the production of key neurotransmitters responsible for controlling appetite, hunger and satiety. AppTrim is clinically proven to reduce appetite, carbohydrate cravings and weight when used in addition to a daily exercise and nutrition plan
Sentra PM is a patented medical food designed specifically for the dietary management of the altered metabolic processes of sleep disorders.
The safety and efficacy of Sentra PM is supported by multiple clinical trials and over a decade of clinical use. Sentra PM is recommended by physicians as an alternative to addictive and dangerous prescription sleep aids.
For more information please visit www.medicalfoods.com or call (844)474-3111
The CDC recently released guidelines regarding the use of opioid medications in the treatment of chronic pain. The CDC recommends that clinicians should consider nonpharmacologic therapies like medical foods as a first line therapy to safely and effectively treat chronic pain.
Patients and healthcare providers interested in non-addictive, pain management options that do not cause ulcers, GI bleeds or cardiovascular issues are encouraged to learn more about the medical food Theramine. Theramine is a viable pain management option for patients over the age of 65 or who have a history of liver, kidney or cardiovascular disease. Theramine is a also a treatment option for providers interested in shifting their patients away from narcotic or anti-epileptic pain medications.
THERAMINE is a safe and effective option for the dietary management of pain without the adverse side effects associates with opioids, NSAIDs or acetaminophen. The efficacy and safety of THERAMINE is supported by two double blind clinical trials and over a decade of clinical use. To learn more about THERAMINE please call (844) 474-3111 or visit www.medicalfoods.com.
AppTrim® is a medical food manufactured in a cGMP certified facility in the United States, that is specially formulated to manage the increased nutritional requirements of obesity. AppTrim provides the specific amino acids and nutrients required by the body to stimulate the production of key neurotransmitters responsible for controlling appetite, hunger and satiety. AppTrim is clinically proven to reduce appetite, carbohydrate cravings and weight when used in addition to a daily exercise and nutrition plan
Sentra PM is a patented medical food designed specifically for the dietary management of the altered metabolic processes of sleep disorders.
The safety and efficacy of Sentra PM is supported by multiple clinical trials and over a decade of clinical use. Sentra PM is recommended by physicians as an alternative to addictive and dangerous prescription sleep aids.
For more information please visit www.medicalfoods.com or call (844)474-3111
The CDC recently released guidelines regarding the use of opioid medications in the treatment of chronic pain. The CDC recommends that clinicians should consider nonpharmacologic therapies like medical foods as a first line therapy to safely and effectively treat chronic pain.
Patients and healthcare providers interested in non-addictive, pain management options that do not cause ulcers, GI bleeds or cardiovascular issues are encouraged to learn more about the medical food Theramine. Theramine is a viable pain management option for patients over the age of 65 or who have a history of liver, kidney or cardiovascular disease. Theramine is a also a treatment option for providers interested in shifting their patients away from narcotic or anti-epileptic pain medications.
Aggressive preemtive multimodal including epidural or nerve block not only produce optimal analgesia but also may prevent the occurrence of chronic pain after surgical
Paracetamol as a single analgesic is only for mild and moderate pain.
However it can be combined with many analgesics to provide strong effect.
So, it can be the basic regiment for Multimodal Analgesia.
Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Sudhir Kumar
Neuropathic pain is quite common. It is associated with severe disability and adversely affects the quality of life of sufferers. Current treatment options for neuropathic are not very effective. Moreover, they are associated with significant adverse effects. A new naturally occurring substance- PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA)- has been found to be effective and safe in treating neuropathic pain. The current presentation looks at the efficacy of PEA in neuropathic pain.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in skeletal muscle. Circulating antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) and associated proteins impair neuromuscular transmission
Kesimpulan:
ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
a valuable adjuvant as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen for the management of pain in the perioperative period
effective adjunct in multimodal regimens to reduce postoperative pain
Topical & Transdermal Medications in Palliative MedicineChristian Sinclair
DISCLAIMER: This slideset does not constitute medical advice. References are provided through out, please discuss with your own doctor or consult your own references before utilizing any information found in this slideset. Presented to the University of Kansas Palliative Medicine Fellowship lecture group.
Aggressive preemtive multimodal including epidural or nerve block not only produce optimal analgesia but also may prevent the occurrence of chronic pain after surgical
Paracetamol as a single analgesic is only for mild and moderate pain.
However it can be combined with many analgesics to provide strong effect.
So, it can be the basic regiment for Multimodal Analgesia.
Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Sudhir Kumar
Neuropathic pain is quite common. It is associated with severe disability and adversely affects the quality of life of sufferers. Current treatment options for neuropathic are not very effective. Moreover, they are associated with significant adverse effects. A new naturally occurring substance- PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA)- has been found to be effective and safe in treating neuropathic pain. The current presentation looks at the efficacy of PEA in neuropathic pain.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in skeletal muscle. Circulating antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) and associated proteins impair neuromuscular transmission
Kesimpulan:
ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
a valuable adjuvant as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen for the management of pain in the perioperative period
effective adjunct in multimodal regimens to reduce postoperative pain
Topical & Transdermal Medications in Palliative MedicineChristian Sinclair
DISCLAIMER: This slideset does not constitute medical advice. References are provided through out, please discuss with your own doctor or consult your own references before utilizing any information found in this slideset. Presented to the University of Kansas Palliative Medicine Fellowship lecture group.
This presentation sets out how to use data collection and player analytics in online games to create better experiences and environments for players. The Games Industry can use data and analytics to create pro-active Player Relationship Management and increase revenues and engagements.
There many occasions need wearing party dresses, like prom, homecoming, Christmas and so on. This summer, neon dress become a hot pick for girls. How about your summer party dress?
Targeted Medical Pharma Innovating Healthcare for Better Patient Health IP 2014Targeted Medical Pharma
Targeted Medical Pharma (OTCQB: TRGM) is a small cap biotechnology company that specializes in manufacturing of medical foods for a vareity of disease states. Innovators in the growing medical food sector, The Company has developed products that improve back pain, sleep disorders, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, PTSD and cognitive dysfunction. The Company has recently launched Clearwayz (www.clearwayz.com), the first in a line of proprietary dietary supplements.
The Clearwayz formula provides the respiratory system, nasal and sinus cavities with a balance of nutrients, amino acids and polyphenols required to support anti-inflammatory processes and support autonomic nervous system function.
The use of Clearwayz for acute sinus and respiratory support can result in balanced mucous production, improved immune function, and improved nasal breathing during times of congestion.
As a daily supplement the patented Clearwayz formula provides the body with the natural tools it needs to safely manage inflammation in the respiratory system, nasal and sinus cavities.
The fundamental principle of Clearwayz is to support healthy airflow in the nasal and sinus cavities through anti-inflammatory mediators and nervous system support.
Acute neuropathic pain - Stephan Schug - SSAI2017scanFOAM
A talk by Stephan Schug at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All of the conference content can be found here: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Developed in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI and SFAI.
The key to a successful Acute Pain Service is not so much the use of sophisticated drugs and high technology equipment, but an excellent organisational structure and well trained medical and nursing personnel.
Neuropathic pain poses a challenge to effective rehabilitation. Best practice, considerations & the use of Action Potential Simulation therapy to effectively treat neuropathic pain, sharing our results from a 2 year research project in people with MS.
Similar to Percura, Improve Pain and Numbness Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Percura, Improve Pain and Numbness Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy
1.
2. 2
Responsible Pain Management
•Amino Acid Based Formula
•No Severe Side Effects
•Reduce Pain, Inflammation & Numbness
•Alternative and Complimentary Therapy
to Commonly Prescribed Medications
3. 3
Indication & Dosing
Percura™
for the dietary management of pain, inflammation and
loss of sensation due to peripheral neuropathy.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Recommended Dosing: 1 or 2 capsules taken 1
to 2 times daily or as directed by physician.
4. 4
Targeted Amino Technology
The efficacy of Percura is driven by a unique ingredient technology that
stimulates the production of specific progenitor cells and neurotransmitters
with specific roles in pain management and cell to cell signaling.
5. 1. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Vipraio GA, Fletcher EM, Wall K. Serum amino acids in fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol Suppl 1989;19:158-163
2. Shell, et al., “A Double-Blind Controlled Trial of a Single Dose Ibuprofen and an Amino Acid Medical Food Theramine for the Treatment of Low Back Pain; Publication pending, 2010.
There are well documented amino acid deficiencies in patients with chronic pain syndromes.
These deficiencies can alter the metabolic processes associated with neurotransmitter synthesis.
For example, in one double blind study, subjects with chronic back pain who improved low levels
of the amino acids required for production of pain modulating neurotransmitters using a medical
food reported a significant improvement in pain.
5
Amino Acid Levels and Chronic Pain
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Arginine Serine Histidine Tryptophan
Ug/ml Change in Blood Concentration of Amino Acids2
Day 1
Day 28
Normal
N=25
6. 6
Clinical Response Data
In a clinical outcomes study of Percura, patients with peripheral neuropathy
experienced a reduction in pain and numbness over a 56 day period as measured by
a 10 point Physician Global Assessment Visual Analog Scale.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Baseline 28 56
VAS
DAYS
Physician Global Assessment Visual Analog Scale
Pain
Numbness
7. 7
Clinical Response Data
-29.5
-23.1
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Pain Numbness
Physician Global Assessment Visual Analog Scale
Pain Numbness
In a clinical outcomes study of Percura, patients with peripheral neuropathy
experienced a reduction in pain and numbness over a 21 day period as measured
by a 100 point Physician Global Assessment Visual Analog Scale.
9. • Patients who are
contraindicated for NSAIDs
(High BP, Over 65, CVD,
Taking Aspirin)
• Patients who experience
severe side effects from
Pregabalin or Gabapentin
• Percura can be used as an
adjunct therapy to a low
dose of a drug
9
Alternative to NSAIDs & Anti-Epileptics
10. 10
• Percura can be used as an
adjunct therapy to a low dose
opioid pain medication
• Percura can be used as a
replacement therapy for other
ineffective or dangerous pain
medications
Alternative to Narcotic Pain Medications
11. Percura is a source of amino acids, biogenic
amines, and botanicals that promote the
production of neurotransmitters responsible for
reducing signals along the ascending and
descending pain pathways and inflammatory
pathways.
Pain and inflammatory conditions increase the
turnover rate of arginine, choline, GABA,
glutamine, histidine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and
serine. Simple dietary modifications are not
sufficient to satisfy cellular demand and restore
homeostasis to the ascending and descending
pain pathways and inflammatory processes.
11
Neurotransmitter Pathways
12. Progenitor cells are developmentally
committed to a cell line but are
undifferentiated or immature in
comparison to those cells that have
differentiated and matured
into specialized cells. Progenitor cells
are multipotent or unipotent.
Activation of neuronal progenitor cells
through growth factors such as
creatine can lead to increased cell
division important for the repair process
in peripheral sensory nerves.*
Progenitor Cell Pathways
12
*Murakami, et al. Transplanted neuronal progenitor cells in a peripheral nerve gap promote nerve repair. Brain Research, 2003.
13. PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
Percura is contraindicated in an extremely small number of patients with
hypersensitivity to any of the nutritional components of Percura.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Oral supplementation with L-arginine at high doses up to 15 grams daily is
generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses
- from 15 to 30 grams daily - are nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
Percura contains less than 1 gram per dose of amino acids however, some
patients may experience these sympotoms at lower doses. The total combined
amount of amino acids in each Percura capsule does not exceed 500mg.
Safety Information
13
14. DRUG INTERACTIONS
Percura does not directly influence the pharmacokinetics of
prescription drugs.
OVERDOSE
There is a negligible risk of overdose with Percura as the total
amount of amino acids in a one month supply (120 capsules) is
less than 60 grams. Overdose symptoms may include diarrhea,
weakness, and nausea.
Safety Information Cont.
14
15. 15
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2. Schaible HG, Ebersberger A, Von Banchet GS. Mechanisms of pain in arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;966:343-354.
3. Zimmermann M. Pathobiology of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2001;429:23-37.
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5. Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP. Stress hormones, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, and autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;966:290-303.
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7. Gaillard JM. Neurochemical regulation of the states of alertness. Ann Clin Res 1985;17:175-184.
8. McGinty D, Szymusiak R. The sleep-wake switch: A neuronal alarm clock. Nat Med 2000;6:510-511.
9. Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 2006;21:482-493.
10. Turek FW, Dugovic C, Zee PC. Current understanding of the circadian clock and the clinical implications for neurological disorders. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1781-1787.
11. Belousov AB, O'Hara BF, Denisova JV. Acetylcholine becomes the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus in vitro in the absence of glutamate excitation. J
Neurosci 2001;21:2015-2027.
12. Farber L, Haus U, Spath M, Drechsler S. Physiology and pathophysiology of the 5-HT3 receptor. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 2004;2-8.
13. Dickenson AH, Chapman V, Green GM. The pharmacology of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-mediated events in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal cord.
Gen Pharmacol 1997;28:633-638.
14. Ernberg M, Lundeberg T, Kopp S. Pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular injection of serotonin in patients with fibromyalgia and healthy individuals. Pain
2000;85:31-39.
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16. Linderoth B, Stiller CO, Gunasekera L et al. Release of neurotransmitters in the CNS by spinal cord stimulation: survey of present state of knowledge and recent experimental
studies. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1993;61:157-170.
17. Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2003;147:1-46.
18. Abbadie C, Brown JL, Mantyh PW, Basbaum AI. Spinal cord substance P receptor immunoreactivity increases in both inflammatory and nerve injury models of persistent pain.
Neuroscience 1996;70:201-209.
19. Thomas RJ. Excitatory amino acids in health and disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1279-1289.
20. Dickenson AH. Plasticity: implications for opioid and other pharmacological interventions in specific pain states. Behav Brain Sci 1997;20:392-403.
21. Dickenson AH. NMDA receptor antagonists: interactions with opioids. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997;41:112-115.
22. Oliverio A, Castellano C, Puglisi-Allegra S. Psychobiology of opioids. Int Rev Neurobiol 1984;25:277-337.
23. Ono T, Inoue M, Rashid MH, Sumikawa K, Ueda H. Stimulation of peripheral nociceptor endings by low dose morphine and its signaling mechanism. Neurochem Int 2002;41:399-
407.
24. Ribeiro JA, Sebastiao AM, de MA. Adenosine receptors in the nervous system: pathophysiological implications. Prog Neurobiol 2002;68:377-392.
25. Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Pavlov VA. Neuro-immune interactions via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Life Sci 2007;80:2325-2329.
26. Hancock CM, Riegger-Krugh C. Modulation of pain in osteoarthritis: the role of nitric oxide. Clin J Pain 2008;24:353-365.
27. Holthusen H, Arndt JO. Nitric oxide evokes pain at nociceptors of the paravascular tissue and veins in humans. J Physiol 1995;487 ( Pt 1):253-258.
28. Wahl SM, McCartney-Francis N, Chan J, Dionne R, Ta L, Orenstein JM. Nitric oxide in experimental joint inflammation. Benefit or detriment? Cells Tissues Organs 2003;174:26-
33.
29. Efron DT, Barbul A. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by arginine supplements. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1998;1:531-538.
30. Mori M. Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis and apoptosis by arginase and arginine recycling. J Nutr 2007;137:1616S-1620S.
31. Budzinski M, Misterek K, Gumulka W, Dorociak A. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in persistent pain. Life Sci 2000;66:301-305.
32. Pelligrino DA, Baughman VL, Koenig HM. Nitric oxide and the brain. Int Anesthesiol Clin 1996;34:113-132.
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Select References
Example Continued:
Decrease in Choline means decreased parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity due to pain disorder. Decrease in choline causes increased creatine phosphokinase and alanine transaminase, and must be addressed.
With Theramine:
Administration of choline increases production of acetylcholine which reduces transmission of pain signals and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and substance P release without noxious side effects related to harmful drugs