This document summarizes medications used to treat pain and inflammation. It discusses non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, tramadol, anti-epileptic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and opiates. NSAIDs are first-line treatments that reduce inflammation and pain by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes. Acetaminophen also reduces pain but lacks anti-inflammatory effects. Tramadol, anti-epileptics, tricyclics, and muscle relaxants may be used as adjuvants. Opiates are reserved for moderate to severe short-term pain. Careful patient screening and protocols are recommended when prescribing op