PEPTIC ULCER PPT.pptx
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peptic ulcer presenation by Arun kumar dutta. ulcer cause , sign and symptoms and diagnosis , plan of treatment
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Peptic ulcer disease.pptx
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach and upper small intestine. Common symptoms include abdominal pain. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of peptic ulcers. Key points are that Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use are leading causes, and treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, reducing NSAID use, and using medications to reduce acid production and promote healing.
ANTIULCER DRUGS and RECENT ADVANCES.pptx
This document discusses antiulcer drugs and summarizes their mechanisms and uses. Peptic ulcers result from an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and defensive factors like mucus. Common causes include H. pylori bacteria, NSAIDs, smoking, and stress. Major classes of antiulcer drugs are H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and ulcer protective drugs. H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors suppress acid production. Antacids neutralize gastric acid. Sucralfate and bismuth subcitrate coat ulcers and promote healing. Combinations of antibiotics are used to treat H. pylori infections associated with ulcers.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common condition affecting the digestive system.
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. These may come and go over time.
Making changes to your diet and lifestyle, like avoiding things that trigger your symptoms, can help ease irritable bowel syndrome.
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhoea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you'll need to manage long term.
Peptic ulcer Disease
This document provides an overview of peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcers as painful open sores or ulcers in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, which are most often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The document discusses the etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of peptic ulcers. Treatment options include antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, acid blockers to reduce stomach acid production, antacids to neutralize acid, and lifestyle modifications to avoid exacerbating factors. Hospitalization may be required for severe, unresponsive cases or if complications like hemorrhaging occur.
Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer disease
Case Study
Clinical Case Summary
History
Helicobacter pylori
Biochemical characteristics
Transmission
Epidemiology
Global incidence of H. pylori infection
risk factors for acquisition of H.pylori
Immune responses
Pathogenesis
Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors
Clinical Presentation
Complications
Peptic Ulcer
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Constipation in hospitalized patients
Constipation is the symptom and is associated with primary & Secondary causes. Constipation is defined as occurrence of >3 episodes of bowel movements. the Rome III criteria defines the objective classification and bristol stool chart helps in assessing the type of stools passed. Management of constipation deals with early assess, treating the cause, adjuvant management, Pharmacological Management (laxatives, suppositories & enemas) and following constipation prevention bundle.
Beta blockers: Role in Hypertension
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Peptic ulcer disease.pptx
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach and upper small intestine. Common symptoms include abdominal pain. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of peptic ulcers. Key points are that Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use are leading causes, and treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, reducing NSAID use, and using medications to reduce acid production and promote healing.
ANTIULCER DRUGS and RECENT ADVANCES.pptx
This document discusses antiulcer drugs and summarizes their mechanisms and uses. Peptic ulcers result from an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and defensive factors like mucus. Common causes include H. pylori bacteria, NSAIDs, smoking, and stress. Major classes of antiulcer drugs are H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and ulcer protective drugs. H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors suppress acid production. Antacids neutralize gastric acid. Sucralfate and bismuth subcitrate coat ulcers and promote healing. Combinations of antibiotics are used to treat H. pylori infections associated with ulcers.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common condition affecting the digestive system.
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. These may come and go over time.
Making changes to your diet and lifestyle, like avoiding things that trigger your symptoms, can help ease irritable bowel syndrome.
Irritable bowel syndrome - diagnosis, pathophysiology and pharmacology
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhoea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you'll need to manage long term.
Peptic ulcer Disease
This document provides an overview of peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcers as painful open sores or ulcers in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, which are most often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The document discusses the etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of peptic ulcers. Treatment options include antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, acid blockers to reduce stomach acid production, antacids to neutralize acid, and lifestyle modifications to avoid exacerbating factors. Hospitalization may be required for severe, unresponsive cases or if complications like hemorrhaging occur.
Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer disease
Case Study
Clinical Case Summary
History
Helicobacter pylori
Biochemical characteristics
Transmission
Epidemiology
Global incidence of H. pylori infection
risk factors for acquisition of H.pylori
Immune responses
Pathogenesis
Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors
Clinical Presentation
Complications
Peptic Ulcer
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Constipation in hospitalized patients
Constipation is the symptom and is associated with primary & Secondary causes. Constipation is defined as occurrence of >3 episodes of bowel movements. the Rome III criteria defines the objective classification and bristol stool chart helps in assessing the type of stools passed. Management of constipation deals with early assess, treating the cause, adjuvant management, Pharmacological Management (laxatives, suppositories & enemas) and following constipation prevention bundle.
Beta blockers: Role in Hypertension
This document discusses the role of beta blockers in the treatment of hypertension. It covers the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of beta blockers, specific agents used, their adverse effects, history of use, and concerns regarding their use. While beta blockers were previously considered first-line treatment for hypertension, more recent trials have shown other agents may provide better outcomes. However, beta blockers are still important treatment options, especially newer vasodilating agents like nebivolol and carvedilol which have shown benefits over older non-vasodilating beta blockers.
Ibs
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits. Common symptoms include abdominal discomfort relieved with defecation, changes in stool frequency or form. Treatment depends on whether constipation or diarrhea predominates, and may include increased fiber, bulk forming laxatives, antispasmodics, or anti-inflammatory drugs. While the cause is unknown, theories include altered stress responses, low-grade inflammation, and changes in gut microbiota. Diet modifications and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms.
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Peptic ulcers form in the stomach or duodenum due to an imbalance between acid secretions and mucosal defenses. Risk factors include H. pylori infection in 90% of cases, NSAID use, and stress. Complications include hemorrhage, perforation, and obstruction. H. pylori survives stomach acid through urease production. Diagnosis involves symptoms and imaging. Treatment depends on complications but usually involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori along with acid suppression. Surgery may be needed for perforation or obstruction.
Antiulcer
The document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It begins by describing peptic ulcers and the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors that can lead to their development. It then covers the classes of anti-ulcer drugs, including H2 blockers that reduce acid secretion, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. Sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate are also covered as ulcer protective drugs. Diagnostic tests for ulcers like endoscopy and barium meal are mentioned. The goal of anti-ulcer treatment is outlined as relieving pain, promoting healing, preventing complications, and reducing relapse.
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia refers to any symptoms thought to originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract. There are several potential mechanisms that can cause dyspepsia, including gastroesophageal acid reflux, gastric motor dysfunction, and visceral afferent hypersensitivity. Gastroesophageal acid reflux can be caused by reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone, frequent transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, overeating, aerophagia, impaired esophageal body motility, reduced salivary secretion, and hiatal hernias. Gastric motor dysfunction may involve delayed gastric emptying or impaired gastric fundus relaxation after eating. Visceral afferent hypersensitivity is proposed to disturb gastric sensory function in functional
Peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
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peptic ulcer doc
The document discusses peptic ulcers, including:
1. It provides an introduction defining peptic ulcers and their locations in the stomach or duodenum.
2. It discusses the history of discoveries around Helicobacter pylori being identified as a primary cause of peptic ulcers in the 1980s.
3. It describes common symptoms of peptic ulcers such as abdominal pain that is often relieved by food for duodenal ulcers but worsened by food for gastric ulcers.
Pharmacotherapy of Peptic ulcer
This document provides an overview of peptic ulcer disease. It begins with definitions of acid peptic disease and what constitutes a peptic ulcer. It then discusses the epidemiology of peptic ulcers and covers the etiology and pathophysiology, including factors that damage the stomach lining like excess acid secretion, NSAIDs, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The document reviews the history of drug development for peptic ulcers and describes various drug classes used for treatment, including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. It also discusses testing and treatment for H. pylori infection, as well as principles of medical management of peptic ulcers.
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This document discusses antitussives, expectorants, and respiratory stimulants. It defines these categories of drugs and provides examples of common medications in each category. Antitussives suppress coughing, possibly by reducing brain cough center activity. Expectorants promote removal of respiratory secretions. Mucolytics liquefy mucus while pharyngeal demulcents soothe the throat. Codeine is a commonly used antitussive that raises the cough stimulus threshold. Guaifenesin is a direct-acting expectorant that increases sputum volume and fluidity. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant used to treat respiratory depression and failure by stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors and the brainstem.
Irritable bowel syndrome
- IBS is a functional disorder of the colon that causes abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits like diarrhea and constipation. It is more common in women and is diagnosed based on symptoms.
- The colon's contractions can be abnormal in IBS, affecting how contents move through the colon. Common causes include changes in the nervous system, diet, stress, and imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain or discomfort and changes in bowel movements. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and stress management. IBS does not lead to other diseases or harm the intestines.
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This document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It states that peptic ulcers are caused by hydrochloric acid destroying the stomach lining, infection with H. pylori bacteria, or long term NSAID use. The goals of anti-ulcer treatment are to relieve pain, accelerate healing, and prevent recurrence. Treatment approaches include reducing acid with antacids or acid production inhibitors, strengthening the mucosal barrier with protective drugs, and eradicating H. pylori infections. Common anti-ulcer drugs fall into categories of acid neutralizers, acid production inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, and antibiotics used in combination with acid reducers to eradicate H. pylori.
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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL SYNDROME
1) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic inflammation of the digestive tract and includes both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
2) IBD may result from a failure of regulatory lymphocytes and cytokines to control inflammation, and non-pathogenic bowel flora is also thought to play a role.
3) Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation of the colon and sigmoid colon, while Crohn's disease causes patchy inflammation that can affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus.
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This document discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and achalasia cardia. It defines GERD as a chronic disorder related to backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing symptoms. It describes typical GERD symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. It also discusses atypical symptoms and evaluates the pathophysiology of GERD, focusing on the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal peristalsis, crural diaphragm, and stomach function. Finally, it outlines various tests used to assess GERD, including endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring.
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Prokinetics 1
Prokinetics are the type of drugs which enhances gastrointestinal motility/transit by
increasing the frequency or strength of contractions.
They speed up gastric emptying by enhancing coordinated propulsive motility.
Treat Gastrointestinal symptoms : Abdominal discomfort, Bloating, constipation,
Heart burn, nausea and vomiting. And few gastrointestinal disorders : irritable bowel
Syndrome, gastritis, gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia.
Increases gastric emptying
Relief of gastric stasis
Decreases reflux esophagitis/heart burn
Decreases regurgitation of gastric contents & emesis
Peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They're usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are a fairly common health problem.
Peptic ulcer disease final
This document provides information on peptic ulcer disease, including its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical and surgical management, complications, nursing care, and follow up. Some key points:
- Peptic ulcers affect 4-10 per 1000 people in India and are more common in males aged 30-60. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs.
- Types include acute, chronic, gastric, and duodenal ulcers. Chronic ulcers erode through the stomach/duodenal wall.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food. Tests include endoscopy, biopsy to detect H. pylori.
- Treatment
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Ibs
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits. Common symptoms include abdominal discomfort relieved with defecation, changes in stool frequency or form. Treatment depends on whether constipation or diarrhea predominates, and may include increased fiber, bulk forming laxatives, antispasmodics, or anti-inflammatory drugs. While the cause is unknown, theories include altered stress responses, low-grade inflammation, and changes in gut microbiota. Diet modifications and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms.
Anti ulcer, anti-emetic and prokinetics
antiulcer - introduction. classification, use
antiemetics - intro, etiology, patho , classification . use
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Pep ulcer
Peptic ulcers form in the stomach or duodenum due to an imbalance between acid secretions and mucosal defenses. Risk factors include H. pylori infection in 90% of cases, NSAID use, and stress. Complications include hemorrhage, perforation, and obstruction. H. pylori survives stomach acid through urease production. Diagnosis involves symptoms and imaging. Treatment depends on complications but usually involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori along with acid suppression. Surgery may be needed for perforation or obstruction.
Antiulcer
The document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It begins by describing peptic ulcers and the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors that can lead to their development. It then covers the classes of anti-ulcer drugs, including H2 blockers that reduce acid secretion, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. Sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate are also covered as ulcer protective drugs. Diagnostic tests for ulcers like endoscopy and barium meal are mentioned. The goal of anti-ulcer treatment is outlined as relieving pain, promoting healing, preventing complications, and reducing relapse.
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia refers to any symptoms thought to originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract. There are several potential mechanisms that can cause dyspepsia, including gastroesophageal acid reflux, gastric motor dysfunction, and visceral afferent hypersensitivity. Gastroesophageal acid reflux can be caused by reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone, frequent transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, overeating, aerophagia, impaired esophageal body motility, reduced salivary secretion, and hiatal hernias. Gastric motor dysfunction may involve delayed gastric emptying or impaired gastric fundus relaxation after eating. Visceral afferent hypersensitivity is proposed to disturb gastric sensory function in functional
Peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
PHARMACOTHERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
This document provides information on bronchial asthma including its definition, triggers, pathophysiology, classification, airway inflammation, and treatment options. Bronchial asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to hyperresponsiveness of the tracheobronchial smooth muscles. Common triggers include allergens, infections, exercise, and environmental factors. Treatment includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, and corticosteroids.
peptic ulcer doc
The document discusses peptic ulcers, including:
1. It provides an introduction defining peptic ulcers and their locations in the stomach or duodenum.
2. It discusses the history of discoveries around Helicobacter pylori being identified as a primary cause of peptic ulcers in the 1980s.
3. It describes common symptoms of peptic ulcers such as abdominal pain that is often relieved by food for duodenal ulcers but worsened by food for gastric ulcers.
Pharmacotherapy of Peptic ulcer
This document provides an overview of peptic ulcer disease. It begins with definitions of acid peptic disease and what constitutes a peptic ulcer. It then discusses the epidemiology of peptic ulcers and covers the etiology and pathophysiology, including factors that damage the stomach lining like excess acid secretion, NSAIDs, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The document reviews the history of drug development for peptic ulcers and describes various drug classes used for treatment, including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. It also discusses testing and treatment for H. pylori infection, as well as principles of medical management of peptic ulcers.
Antitussive and expectorents, respiratory stimulation
This document discusses antitussives, expectorants, and respiratory stimulants. It defines these categories of drugs and provides examples of common medications in each category. Antitussives suppress coughing, possibly by reducing brain cough center activity. Expectorants promote removal of respiratory secretions. Mucolytics liquefy mucus while pharyngeal demulcents soothe the throat. Codeine is a commonly used antitussive that raises the cough stimulus threshold. Guaifenesin is a direct-acting expectorant that increases sputum volume and fluidity. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant used to treat respiratory depression and failure by stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors and the brainstem.
Irritable bowel syndrome
- IBS is a functional disorder of the colon that causes abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits like diarrhea and constipation. It is more common in women and is diagnosed based on symptoms.
- The colon's contractions can be abnormal in IBS, affecting how contents move through the colon. Common causes include changes in the nervous system, diet, stress, and imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain or discomfort and changes in bowel movements. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications to relieve symptoms, probiotics, and stress management. IBS does not lead to other diseases or harm the intestines.
Pharmacology of corticosteroids
Notes on pharmacology of corticosteroids which can be helpful for pharmacy students and fresh graduates
Anti ulcer drugs
This document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It states that peptic ulcers are caused by hydrochloric acid destroying the stomach lining, infection with H. pylori bacteria, or long term NSAID use. The goals of anti-ulcer treatment are to relieve pain, accelerate healing, and prevent recurrence. Treatment approaches include reducing acid with antacids or acid production inhibitors, strengthening the mucosal barrier with protective drugs, and eradicating H. pylori infections. Common anti-ulcer drugs fall into categories of acid neutralizers, acid production inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, and antibiotics used in combination with acid reducers to eradicate H. pylori.
Type 2 dm gdm new updates & guidelines
Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disorder characterised by progressive pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin- resistance, leading to relative insulin deficiency, chronic hyperglycaemia, and various complications.
The treatment options for this disorder, which aim at correcting one or other of the two major pathophysiological mechanisms, have been hamstrung by unacceptable side-effects, lack of patient acceptability, and loss of efficacy over time.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL SYNDROME
1) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic inflammation of the digestive tract and includes both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
2) IBD may result from a failure of regulatory lymphocytes and cytokines to control inflammation, and non-pathogenic bowel flora is also thought to play a role.
3) Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation of the colon and sigmoid colon, while Crohn's disease causes patchy inflammation that can affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus.
GERD (gastro esophageal reflux disease) and Achalasia cardia
This document discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and achalasia cardia. It defines GERD as a chronic disorder related to backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing symptoms. It describes typical GERD symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. It also discusses atypical symptoms and evaluates the pathophysiology of GERD, focusing on the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal peristalsis, crural diaphragm, and stomach function. Finally, it outlines various tests used to assess GERD, including endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring.
Pharmacotherapy for respiratory diseases Asthma and COPD
The document discusses respiratory diseases and their pharmacotherapy. It begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the human respiratory system. It then discusses some major respiratory diseases - asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For asthma, it covers symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatments including bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, leukotriene inhibitors, anti-IgE antibody, and mast cell stabilizers. For COPD, it discusses symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacological therapies as well as non-pharmacological treatments.
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Dr. Kiran Panchal
B.J. Medical college, Ahmedabad
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Prokinetics 1
Prokinetics are the type of drugs which enhances gastrointestinal motility/transit by
increasing the frequency or strength of contractions.
They speed up gastric emptying by enhancing coordinated propulsive motility.
Treat Gastrointestinal symptoms : Abdominal discomfort, Bloating, constipation,
Heart burn, nausea and vomiting. And few gastrointestinal disorders : irritable bowel
Syndrome, gastritis, gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia.
Increases gastric emptying
Relief of gastric stasis
Decreases reflux esophagitis/heart burn
Decreases regurgitation of gastric contents & emesis
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This document provides information on peptic ulcer disease, including its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical and surgical management, complications, nursing care, and follow up. Some key points:
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This document provides information about peptic ulcers, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Peptic ulcers develop as open sores in the stomach or small intestine due to excessive acid. The most common causes are infection by H. pylori bacteria and long-term use of pain medications like ibuprofen. Symptoms include stomach pain that is often relieved by food. Diagnosis involves tests to detect H. pylori and endoscopy. Treatment focuses on eliminating the bacteria with antibiotics if present, reducing acid production, and promoting healing. Lifestyle changes like hand washing can help prevent ulcers by reducing infection risk.
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Helicobacter pylori infection causes about 19 out of 20 duodenal ulcers. H. pylori colonizes the stomach lining and causes chronic inflammation and damage through secreted toxins. Symptoms of duodenal ulcers include abdominal pain that is relieved by food or antacids. Diagnosis involves endoscopy or non-invasive breath and stool tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori combined with acid-reducing proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers. Lifestyle changes and surgery for complications may also be used.
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The document discusses peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcers as breaks in the stomach or duodenal lining that can be caused by an imbalance of factors like acid and pepsin production. About 70-90% of ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The document covers topics like anatomy, causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcers.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, and peptic ulcers are conditions that involve inflammation or damage to the lining of the esophagus, stomach or small intestine. GERD occurs when stomach acid leaks back up into the esophagus, potentially causing heartburn or damage. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining that can be acute or chronic. Peptic ulcers develop as open sores in the stomach or duodenum. Common causes include H. pylori infection, long term NSAID use, and stomach acid. Symptoms vary but may include abdominal pain or discomfort. Treatment involves medications to reduce acid like PPIs, antibiotics to treat H. pylori if present
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PEPTIC ULCER PPT.pptx
- 1. B.PHARM 2ND SEMESTER (PATHOHYSIOLOGY) PPT BY ARUN KUMAR DUTTA STUDENT GIST , GUNUPUR B.PHARM 2ND SEMESTER (PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) PPT BY ARUN KUMAR DUTTA STUDENT , GIST ,GUNUPUR
- 2. CONTENTS DEFINITION TYPES ETIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS SIGN AND SYMPTOMS COMPLICATION DIAGNOSIS PLAN OF TREATMENT
- 3. DEFINITION A condition in which wounds appears in the lining of stomach or duodenum , along with a burning stomach pain is termed peptic ulcer. Common causes include the bacteria H.Pylori and anti inflammatory pain relievers including aspirin.
- 4. TYPES Mainly it is of two types; a. Gastric ulcer:- Affect the stomach lining and characterized by pain while the food is still in stomach and arises within a short period of time after food consumption. b. Duodenal ulcer:- Affect the upper part of small intestine and characterized by pain when stomach is empty or after several hours of food consumption.
- 5. ETIOLOGY NSAID’s drugs like Aspirin, Ibuprofen etc. used frequently Smoking Alcoholism Stress Spicy food
- 6. PATHOGENESIS NSAID’s inhibits the secretion of prostaglandin actively involved in blocking ulceration . In case of some diseased condition like crohn’s disease , hepatic disease, pre existing gastritis ulceration may occurs. Bacteria H.pylori releases a toxin that destructs or damage the gastric and duodenal mucosa , reducing the epithelium’s resistance to acid and causing gastritis and ulcer disease.
- 7. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Vomiting Bloating Nausea Dark blood in stool Indigestion Upper abdominal pain Loss of appetite
- 8. COMPLICATION Hemorrhage:- Blood vessels is damaged as ulcer erodes the muscles of stomach or duodenal wall. Perforation:- Bacteria and partially digested fool spill into peritoneum = peritonitis. Obstruction:- Swelling and scarring can cause obstruction of food leaving stomach = repeated vomiting.
- 9. DIAGNOSIS Endoscopy:- It is the most accurate diagnostic test for peptic ulcer disease. It involves inserting a small lighted tube through the throat and into the stomach to look for abnormalities. Urea breath test Radiology
- 10. PLAN OF TREATMENT Non pharmacological:- Dietary modification and nutritional supplements, avoid smoking, tabaco and alcohol, cessation of NSAIDS. Pharmacological:- Antibiotics Antisecretory agents Antacid Acid suppressors Proton pump inhibitor:- Omeprazole, Pantoprazole. Surgery :- Remove of entire ulcer