Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by issues with the heart's structure, function, conduction or rhythm. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue, and insomnia. Diagnosis involves blood tests, chest x-rays, and tests of ejection fraction. Treatment includes medications like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and lifestyle changes like diet modification and exercise.

1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PPT BY
ARUN KUMAR DUTTA
STUDENT OF GIST,GUNUPUR
(CHF)

2. CONTENTS
• DEFINITION
• TYPES
• ETIOLOGY
• PATHOGENESIS
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• COMPLICATION
• DIAGNOSIS
• PLAN OF TREATMENT

3. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
• When the heart fails to pump blood in a quantity sufficient to
full fill the body requirements , a condition of congestive heart
failure occurs.Which is known as heart fail.

4. TYPES
• Left sided HF:- Fluid backup in the lungs ,causing shortness of
breath
• Right sided HF:- Fluid backup in the abdomen ,legs, feet,
causing swelling.
• Systolic HF:- The left ventricle fails to contract vigorously ,
indicating a pumping problem.
• Diastolic HF:- the left ventricle fails to relax or fill completely,
indicating a filling problem.

5. ETIOLOGY
• Any abnormalities in cardiac structure, function, conduction or rhythm may
causes CHF.
• CHF caused due to :-
• Narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles.
• Any disease of heart muscles.
• Any congenital heart defects.
• Any heart valve disease.

6. PATHOGENESIS

7. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

8. COMPLICATIONS
• Neurologic:- Headache, fatigue, insomnia, vertigo.
• Visual:- Color vision(green or yellow).
• GI:- vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation.
• Miscellaneous:- Allergic , kidney damage , liver damage.

9. DIAGNOSIS
• Blood test:- Function of kidney and thyroid, blood cholesterol
level, and anemic conditions are confirmed by blood test.
• Chest X-ray:- The heart size and presence of fluid around the
heart and lungs can be diagnosed.
• Ejection fraction:- Normal value of EF ranges from 55-75 %.
Low EF value indicate CHF.
• Cardiac MRI:- This test is used to check wheather the patient
is having abnormalities of heart muscle or tissue.

10. PLANT OF TREATMENT
• Non medication:- Eat less sugar , Eat Nutrient dense food,
maintain a healthy weight, eat green vegetable, avoid eating
industrial vegetable oil.
• Medications:-
• β- blocker:-These reduces the amount of oxygen a heart
requires by slowing the heart rate.
• ACE inhibitors:- These ease the blood flow by dialating blood
vessels.
• Vaso dilator:- Captopril, Enalpril, Lisinopril etc.
• Diuretics:- Bumetanide, Furosemide etc.
• Inotropic agents :- Digoxin, digitoxin, Amrinone, Milrinone