Peoples and empires 2
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The Holy Roman Empire was maintained through an uneasy peace between political groups, with princes using their positions of power to control their vast and diverse territories. Charles's claims of universalism and cosmopolitanism in his empire were matched only by other great Roman rulers. Henry the Navigator sponsored early Portuguese voyages to Africa in the 15th century, changing European ambitions and society. Under Christian rule, Rome became the ultimate political expression of Christianity's universal message, with the Christian world order intended to endure as long as Earth itself. Las Casas wrote and advocated extensively against the injustices of colonialism from an intellectual rather than political perspective.
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Peoples and Empires
Charles's Holy Roman Empire consisted of a vast, diverse collection of territories whose subjects supposedly shared equal status regardless of race under imperial rule. In the early 15th century, Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sponsored voyages along the coast of Africa that changed European ambitions and society by demonstrating contact with other continents. Christianity represented a universal message that found political expression through the expansion of Rome's Christian empire, with its ordered world intended to last until the end of the earthly world, according to Las Casas, a 16th century bishop who fought against the injustices of colonialism through intellectual rather than political means.
What is history
Charles I (Charlemagne) was crowned emperor in 800 by the pope, inheriting the Roman Empire through a line from Augustus and Constantine. His empire was vast and sprawling, rather than a single unit, with no fixed capital. Like other great empires of the time, Charlemagne claimed universality and cosmopolitanism. In the early 15th century, Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa, sponsored by Prince Henry, began changing visions of the world and eventually led to encounters with America and the slave trade. The Spanish Empire of Charles V was seen as both Roman and Holy, with Christianity accompanying European colonial expansion for centuries.
Peoples and empires part 2
Charles I (Charlemagne) was crowned emperor in 800 by the pope, inheriting the Roman Empire through a line from Augustus and Constantine. His empire was vast and sprawling, rather than a single unit, with no fixed capital. Like other great empires of the time, Charlemagne claimed universality and cosmopolitanism. In the early 15th century, Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa, sponsored by Prince Henry, began changing visions of the world and eventually led to direct trade routes to Asia and the slave trade. The Spanish Empire of Charles V was not only a successor to Rome but also a holy empire, with Christianity accompanying European colonial expansion for centuries.
Peoples and empires part 1
This document summarizes information about four historical figures:
Alexander the Great conquered much of Europe and Asia in the 4th century BC as a student of Aristotle. Julius Caesar was a powerful Roman leader who conquered Gaul but was assassinated in 44 BC. Charles V ruled a vast empire in the 16th century that spanned Europe and the Americas but lacked a universal language. Prince Henry funded Portuguese voyages in the 15th century to expand trade and national wealth, even though he never sailed himself.
Peoples and empires
1. The document discusses several major empires throughout history including the Roman Empire, the empires of Alexander the Great and various European powers, and how they impacted migrations and societies.
2. While empires limited some freedoms, they also created new opportunities and brought together entirely new societies.
3. The decline of the Roman Empire occurred as internal political, economic, and social institutions broke down and it became difficult to manage the increasing diversity within the empire.
Empires
Alexander the Great created one of the largest empires in ancient history by his early 30s, conquering vast regions of Europe and Asia and bringing Greek culture with him. Though he had help from his father in transforming Macedonia into a powerful Greek state, Alexander faced mutiny in his later years and his empire did not long outlive him, eventually being overrun by the Roman Empire. However, he was seen for centuries as the greatest conqueror and empire builder in history due to his unparalleled successes and visionary ambitions.
P&E Journal I
Alexander the Great established the Greek Empire, which advanced European society through military tactics, philosophy, culture, and language. However, the Greek Empire was short-lived. The Roman Empire rose to power through superior military strategies and conquered the Greek territories by 146 BC. The Roman Empire continued expanding until internal conflicts weakened it. Successors like Charles V attempted to reorganize the fragmented empire into smaller states, but it continued declining and was replaced by new regional empires.
Political absolutism
This document discusses political absolutism, a form of autocratic government where all power is concentrated in the hands of one ruler. During the 17th-19th centuries, absolutism typically referred to monarchies in Europe where emperors, kings and queens could assert divine right to rule, believing they were chosen by God. The document provides examples of individuals like King Louis XIV of France and Bishop Jacques Benigne Bossuet who justified absolute royal power through the idea of divine right. It also lists some 20th century examples of absolutist rulers like Kim Jong Un, Robert Mugabe, Fidel Castro, Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler.
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Peoples and Empires
Charles's Holy Roman Empire consisted of a vast, diverse collection of territories whose subjects supposedly shared equal status regardless of race under imperial rule. In the early 15th century, Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sponsored voyages along the coast of Africa that changed European ambitions and society by demonstrating contact with other continents. Christianity represented a universal message that found political expression through the expansion of Rome's Christian empire, with its ordered world intended to last until the end of the earthly world, according to Las Casas, a 16th century bishop who fought against the injustices of colonialism through intellectual rather than political means.
What is history
Charles I (Charlemagne) was crowned emperor in 800 by the pope, inheriting the Roman Empire through a line from Augustus and Constantine. His empire was vast and sprawling, rather than a single unit, with no fixed capital. Like other great empires of the time, Charlemagne claimed universality and cosmopolitanism. In the early 15th century, Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa, sponsored by Prince Henry, began changing visions of the world and eventually led to encounters with America and the slave trade. The Spanish Empire of Charles V was seen as both Roman and Holy, with Christianity accompanying European colonial expansion for centuries.
Peoples and empires part 2
Charles I (Charlemagne) was crowned emperor in 800 by the pope, inheriting the Roman Empire through a line from Augustus and Constantine. His empire was vast and sprawling, rather than a single unit, with no fixed capital. Like other great empires of the time, Charlemagne claimed universality and cosmopolitanism. In the early 15th century, Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa, sponsored by Prince Henry, began changing visions of the world and eventually led to direct trade routes to Asia and the slave trade. The Spanish Empire of Charles V was not only a successor to Rome but also a holy empire, with Christianity accompanying European colonial expansion for centuries.
Peoples and empires part 1
This document summarizes information about four historical figures:
Alexander the Great conquered much of Europe and Asia in the 4th century BC as a student of Aristotle. Julius Caesar was a powerful Roman leader who conquered Gaul but was assassinated in 44 BC. Charles V ruled a vast empire in the 16th century that spanned Europe and the Americas but lacked a universal language. Prince Henry funded Portuguese voyages in the 15th century to expand trade and national wealth, even though he never sailed himself.
Peoples and empires
1. The document discusses several major empires throughout history including the Roman Empire, the empires of Alexander the Great and various European powers, and how they impacted migrations and societies.
2. While empires limited some freedoms, they also created new opportunities and brought together entirely new societies.
3. The decline of the Roman Empire occurred as internal political, economic, and social institutions broke down and it became difficult to manage the increasing diversity within the empire.
Empires
Alexander the Great created one of the largest empires in ancient history by his early 30s, conquering vast regions of Europe and Asia and bringing Greek culture with him. Though he had help from his father in transforming Macedonia into a powerful Greek state, Alexander faced mutiny in his later years and his empire did not long outlive him, eventually being overrun by the Roman Empire. However, he was seen for centuries as the greatest conqueror and empire builder in history due to his unparalleled successes and visionary ambitions.
P&E Journal I
Alexander the Great established the Greek Empire, which advanced European society through military tactics, philosophy, culture, and language. However, the Greek Empire was short-lived. The Roman Empire rose to power through superior military strategies and conquered the Greek territories by 146 BC. The Roman Empire continued expanding until internal conflicts weakened it. Successors like Charles V attempted to reorganize the fragmented empire into smaller states, but it continued declining and was replaced by new regional empires.
Political absolutism
This document discusses political absolutism, a form of autocratic government where all power is concentrated in the hands of one ruler. During the 17th-19th centuries, absolutism typically referred to monarchies in Europe where emperors, kings and queens could assert divine right to rule, believing they were chosen by God. The document provides examples of individuals like King Louis XIV of France and Bishop Jacques Benigne Bossuet who justified absolute royal power through the idea of divine right. It also lists some 20th century examples of absolutist rulers like Kim Jong Un, Robert Mugabe, Fidel Castro, Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler.
Western europe c. 1450 1750
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- In France, Cardinal Richelieu helped centralize power for King Louis XIII. Louis XIV later epitomized absolute rule, believing "I am the state." He moved the capital to Versailles to control nobles.
- In England, the Tudors brought stability after the War of the Roses. Elizabeth I established Protestantism and defeated the Spanish Armada, securing England. The Stuarts' divine right views led to conflicts and the English Civil War between Parliament and Charles I,
Rome Part 1
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- The early government of Rome was a monarchy but it transitioned to a republic in 509 BC, where citizens elected leaders to represent them. However, only wealthy landowning men could participate.
- By 265 BC, Rome had conquered the Italian peninsula through its powerful military and defeated rivals like the Etruscans and Greek city-states. Rome then engaged in three Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BC and ultimately destroyed Carthage.
21 1 spain’s empire and european absolutism
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1) The empire of Alexander the Great which expanded greatly through military conquest but did not last after his death.
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3) Charlemagne's empire which briefly reunited parts of the former Western Roman Empire but did not last long, dissolving by 924 as France and Germany emerged as separate kingdoms.
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Augustus
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Rome- Geography, Republic, Punic wars notes
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Change From Republic To Empire
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Rise and Fall of Roman Empire
Julius Caesar was a military leader who became a great leader of the Roman Republic. However, he was assassinated by a group of plotters led by Brutus and Cassius. His last words were "Et tu, Brute?" ("You too, Brutus?"). After his death, the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire began, led by emperors instead of a republican government. The empire expanded greatly around the Mediterranean but faced economic, military, political and social problems that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms tactics to invade and conquer the vast Persian Empire between 334-331 BC. At the pivotal Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III, bringing an end to the Persian Empire and allowing Alexander to expand his empire across Western Asia and into India. However, Alexander's troops grew exhausted by the campaign and he died of illness in 323 BC at the age of 32, leaving his generals to divide up his empire.
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5.4 alexander’s empire
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Western europe c. 1450 1750
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- In France, Cardinal Richelieu helped centralize power for King Louis XIII. Louis XIV later epitomized absolute rule, believing "I am the state." He moved the capital to Versailles to control nobles.
- In England, the Tudors brought stability after the War of the Roses. Elizabeth I established Protestantism and defeated the Spanish Armada, securing England. The Stuarts' divine right views led to conflicts and the English Civil War between Parliament and Charles I,
Rome Part 1
- Rome was founded on the Tiber River in Italy by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus around 500 BC. Romulus went on to kill Remus during a quarrel.
- The early government of Rome was a monarchy but it transitioned to a republic in 509 BC, where citizens elected leaders to represent them. However, only wealthy landowning men could participate.
- By 265 BC, Rome had conquered the Italian peninsula through its powerful military and defeated rivals like the Etruscans and Greek city-states. Rome then engaged in three Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BC and ultimately destroyed Carthage.
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Rome Part 3
The Roman Empire experienced over 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana after Augustus became the first emperor and established an effective system of government with civil servants rather than senators. The empire contained over 70 million residents and Rome itself had a population of 1 million. Agriculture was the most important industry and a common currency facilitated trade across the vast empire. This period of stability and growth ended after the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180AD.
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The document discusses three empires:
1) The empire of Alexander the Great which expanded greatly through military conquest but did not last after his death.
2) The Roman Empire which grew even larger than Alexander's through skilled military tactics and innovations. It expanded so much it became too large to govern centrally and eventually fell into civil war.
3) Charlemagne's empire which briefly reunited parts of the former Western Roman Empire but did not last long, dissolving by 924 as France and Germany emerged as separate kingdoms.
Unit Nine - Augustus
Gaius Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first Emperor who ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD. He was Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted heir. After Caesar's assassination, Octavian fought for power with Mark Antony, forming an alliance through the Second Triumvirate to rule Rome. Octavian eventually defeated Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC, becoming the sole ruler of Rome. As Emperor, he restored unity and order after years of civil war and was a reformer who supported the arts and literature.
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Romulus Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He reigned from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD, ending the period of civil wars in the Roman Republic and establishing over two centuries of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana. As emperor, he implemented important political, financial, and religious reforms. He also initiated major construction projects that transformed the appearance of Rome. His accomplishments included establishing a standing professional army, developing an effective tax system and monetary reforms, and making Rome the center of art and literature.
Augustus
Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first emperor who rose to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's assassins. After defeating Antony in battle, Octavius consolidated control over Rome and established the Principate, where he ruled as the first emperor but allowed the senate to retain some powers. His reign from 27 BC to 14 AD marked the beginning of the Pax Romana period of peace and territorial expansion for Rome.
Rome- Geography, Republic, Punic wars notes
The ancient Romans originated from three groups - the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans - who settled the Italian peninsula between 1000-500 BC. The Latins built the original settlement of Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their Etruscan kings and established a republic where elected officials governed. Over time, the Romans conquered the Italian peninsula through their organized military. This led to conflicts with the powerful city of Carthage in North Africa in the Punic Wars from 264-146 BC, ultimately resulting in Rome establishing itself as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
The Rise of Christianity and the Fall of Rome
The document discusses reasons for the emergence of Christianity in ancient Rome and the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how Christianity grew despite early conflicts with Rome and how military, economic, and social problems weakened the empire. Diocletian split Rome into Western and Eastern sections for easier rule but the Western part continued declining due to invasions by groups like the Visigoths and Vandals until the fall of Rome in 476 CE.
Change From Republic To Empire
The document summarizes the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire. There was growing disparity between the rich and poor, leading to reforms attempted by the Gracchus brothers which failed. This led to civil war between Marius and Sulla, and the establishment of the First Triumvirate between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar. Caesar's victories in Gaul increased his power and fame, causing Pompey to oppose him and lead to more civil war. Caesar became dictator for life but was assassinated. This threw Rome into further chaos and civil war until Octavian emerged as the first emperor, taking the name Augustus and establishing the Pax Romana.
Hellenic and Polis Age
The document discusses the concept of Hellenization and the spread of Greek culture through the Hellenistic realms after the death of Alexander the Great. It also defines the term "polis" and discusses how the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta differed, with Athens focusing more on trade and culture while Sparta specialized militarily. The threat of Persia impacted Sparta and Athens' ways of life.
Rise and Fall of Roman Empire
Julius Caesar was a military leader who became a great leader of the Roman Republic. However, he was assassinated by a group of plotters led by Brutus and Cassius. His last words were "Et tu, Brute?" ("You too, Brutus?"). After his death, the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire began, led by emperors instead of a republican government. The empire expanded greatly around the Mediterranean but faced economic, military, political and social problems that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms tactics to invade and conquer the vast Persian Empire between 334-331 BC. At the pivotal Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III, bringing an end to the Persian Empire and allowing Alexander to expand his empire across Western Asia and into India. However, Alexander's troops grew exhausted by the campaign and he died of illness in 323 BC at the age of 32, leaving his generals to divide up his empire.
11 the roman period v2018
The document provides information on the Etruscans and the Roman period in Italy. It discusses the theories around the origin of the Etruscans and details their civilization from the 7th century BC, including their 12 city confederation and culture. It also describes the rise of the Roman Republic after overthrowing the Etruscans in the 3rd century BC, and the political system established with consuls, the Senate, and citizen assemblies. The document then outlines the period of the Roman Empire under Caesar and the civil wars that transformed Rome's government.
5.4 alexander’s empire
Philip II of Macedon built a powerful professional army and used it to conquer the disunited city-states of Greece in the late 4th century BC. After defeating Athens and Sparta, Philip formed the Corinthian League to unite Greece and prepare to invade the Persian Empire. However, Philip was assassinated in 336 BC, allowing his son Alexander to become king of Macedonia and complete Philip's plans by conquering the entire Persian Empire between 334-323 BC, spreading Greek culture across Western Asia and into India.
Rome’s Emperors
Tiberius ruled Rome from 14-37 CE with a bitter and suspicious personality, instituting a reign of terror. His adopted grandson Caligula became insane after a few months in power, sacrificing slaves and claiming to be a god before being assassinated. Claudius expanded the Roman Empire but was poisoned by his wife Agrippina to make way for Nero, who became a tyrant, murdering family members and being blamed for the Great Fire of Rome before committing suicide.
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- 2. Charles’s empire was a vast sprawling cosmopolitan conglomerate.
- 3. Under the ages of emperor, all his subjects supposedly enjoyed the same status no matter their race.
- 5. The early Portuguese voyages to Africa were sponsored by prince Henry, “Henry the Navigator”
- 6. In the first encounter between a European colonizing power and an African people, the European were soundly defeated.
- 8. Christianity was truly a universal creed.
- 9. Christian world ordered would endure as long as “This Earthly World”
- 10. Las Casas wrote and did a great deal, he was made bishop in 1543.
- 11. Las Casas’s objectives were intellectual rather than political.
- 12. He became the symbol of the fight against the injustices of colonialism.