The document provides an overview of Chapter 1 of a textbook on the early history of Malaysia. It discusses the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate by Parameswara in 1400 and the factors that contributed to its rise as a major trading center, including its strategic location, acceptance of Islam, and relationships with China. It also describes the political and administrative system developed during this period. The chapter then covers the decline of the Malacca Sultanate beginning with the Portuguese colonization in the 1500s, followed by the Dutch and British periods.
The document provides background information on early Malay history, including:
1) It discusses early human settlement in Malaysia from 35,000 years ago through various prehistoric ages.
2) It then covers the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate in the 1400s by Parameswara, who founded the port city of Malacca and implemented a governing system.
3) The Malacca Sultanate grew to new heights due to its strategic location, economic opportunities, and strong leadership, but eventually declined in the 1500s due to leadership problems and the rise of other trading ports. The Portuguese then conquered Malacca in 1511.
The document provides an overview of the Malacca Sultanate, including its establishment, golden age, and fall. It discusses how Parameswara founded Malacca in the 1400s after fleeing from Sumatra, and how factors like its strategic location and embrace of Islam helped the sultanate prosper. However, internal conflicts and attacks from the Portuguese led to the sultanate's decline.
The opposition against the colonist in Malaysia was of two types , that is , opposition with bloodshed and opposition through peaceful means.
Which type of opposition would you have supported and why???
Topic 2 period of colonisation and struggle for independenceChe Amm
The document discusses the colonization of Malaysia by foreign powers and the struggle for independence. It covers the periods of Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonization starting in the 15th century. The main factors for colonization were Malaysia's strategic location as a trading hub between East and West, and its natural wealth. Over time, nationalist movements arose opposing colonial rule and seeking independence. Various resistance movements fought against colonial powers. Eventually Malaysia gained independence from the British in the mid-20th century.
The Malay Peninsula was colonized by various foreign powers between the 15th-20th centuries, beginning with Portugal in 1511 and followed by the Dutch, British, and briefly Japan. The British gradually took control of the Malay states in the 19th century and established the Federation of Malaya in 1948. Malaya gained independence from Britain on August 31, 1957 and formed the Federation of Malaysia with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah in 1963 before Singapore separated in 1965.
The document provides background information on early Malay history, including:
1) It discusses early human settlement in Malaysia from 35,000 years ago through various prehistoric ages.
2) It then covers the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate in the 1400s by Parameswara, who founded the port city of Malacca and implemented a governing system.
3) The Malacca Sultanate grew to new heights due to its strategic location, economic opportunities, and strong leadership, but eventually declined in the 1500s due to leadership problems and the rise of other trading ports. The Portuguese then conquered Malacca in 1511.
The document provides an overview of the Malacca Sultanate, including its establishment, golden age, and fall. It discusses how Parameswara founded Malacca in the 1400s after fleeing from Sumatra, and how factors like its strategic location and embrace of Islam helped the sultanate prosper. However, internal conflicts and attacks from the Portuguese led to the sultanate's decline.
The opposition against the colonist in Malaysia was of two types , that is , opposition with bloodshed and opposition through peaceful means.
Which type of opposition would you have supported and why???
Topic 2 period of colonisation and struggle for independenceChe Amm
The document discusses the colonization of Malaysia by foreign powers and the struggle for independence. It covers the periods of Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonization starting in the 15th century. The main factors for colonization were Malaysia's strategic location as a trading hub between East and West, and its natural wealth. Over time, nationalist movements arose opposing colonial rule and seeking independence. Various resistance movements fought against colonial powers. Eventually Malaysia gained independence from the British in the mid-20th century.
The Malay Peninsula was colonized by various foreign powers between the 15th-20th centuries, beginning with Portugal in 1511 and followed by the Dutch, British, and briefly Japan. The British gradually took control of the Malay states in the 19th century and established the Federation of Malaya in 1948. Malaya gained independence from Britain on August 31, 1957 and formed the Federation of Malaysia with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah in 1963 before Singapore separated in 1965.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang imperialisme, kolonialisme, dan penjajahan kuasa asing di Tanah Melayu dari abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-20. Ia menjelaskan faktor-faktor kedatangan penjajah seperti Portugal, Belanda, dan British serta kesan-kesan penjajahan terhadap pembangunan sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan pendidikan. Dokumen tersebut juga membincangkan langkah-langkah untuk mempertah
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sejarah awal Malaysia pada zaman prasejarah, meliputi Zaman Paleolitik, Mesolitik, Neolitik, dan Logam. Zaman-zaman tersebut menunjukkan perkembangan dari gaya hidup nomaden menjadi menetap, penemuan pertanian, dan penggunaan logam. Dokumen juga membandingkan ciri-ciri antara zaman prasejarah awal dan akhir.
Residential system in Perak : A Case Studysilah1512
The residential system involved British residents advising the sultans of Malay states on government matters except those related to Malay customs and religion. In Perak, J.W.W. Birch introduced reforms that upset the sultan and chiefs, and he was intolerant of local traditions. Hugh Low later succeeded as resident by developing trusting relationships and respecting Malay culture. He stabilized Perak's economy and government. The residential system brought political order but diminished sultans' power and lacked uniformity across states.
The document provides information about the history and struggle for independence in Malaysia across three chapters:
Chapter 1 discusses the early history of Malaysia, including the development and downfall of the Malacca Sultanate and British colonial rule.
Chapter 2 covers the struggle for independence, including the establishment and dissolution of the Malayan Union and the roles of various organizations in awakening Malay nationalism.
Chapter 3 addresses the formation of Malaysia through discussions that led to Malaya being granted independence on August 31, 1957 and the establishment of a new nation called Malaysia in 1963.
SEJARAH ASAL USUL NEGERI KEDAH YANG SEZAMAN DENGAN LANGKASUKA SEHINGGA KEDATA...Atikah Ishak
1. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti sejarah awal Kedah dan asal-usul namanya berdasarkan sumber India, China dan Arab.
2. Kedah dipercayai bermula di Lembah Bujang pada abad ke-4 hingga ke-14 Masihi sebagai kuasa perdagangan dengan pelabuhannya.
3. Nama Kedah diperoleh dari sumber India sebagai "Kandahram" atau "Geddah", China sebagai "Chien-Ch'a" atau "
T2 BAB 5 5.2 KEGEMILANGAN KESULTANAN MELAYU MELAKATeh Boon Siang
Kesultanan Melayu Melaka menjadi kerajaan yang kuat dan makmur pada abad ke-15 akibat beberapa faktor seperti sistem pentadbiran yang berstruktur, kepimpinan raja yang bijak, perundangan yang jelas, dan kedudukan strategik sebagai pusat perdagangan antara India dan China. Kesultanan ini juga berjaya menyebarkan agama Islam di kawasan tersebut melalui aktiviti perdagangan dan hubungan diplomatik dengan kerajaan-kerajaan
Abad ke-18 menyaksikan penubuhan empat kerajaan Melayu Baru iaitu Terengganu, Selangor, Kelantan dan Negeri Sembilan. Mereka diasaskan oleh keluarga baru dan mendapat pengiktirafan dari negeri lain walaupun prosesnya melibatkan perang saudara bagi sesetengah negeri.
This document provides an introduction to Malaysian studies, focusing on the community and society of Malaysia. It discusses the main ethnic groups in Malaysia - the Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous peoples of East Malaysia. It describes their different languages, religions, cultures, and histories. It also discusses how British colonial policies divided and impacted the ethnic groups, and Malaysia's ongoing efforts to unite its diverse population after independence.
The document provides an overview of the formation of Malaysia based on a chapter from an Malaysian Studies textbook. It discusses the reasons and process for forming Malaysia, which originally included Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. While most parties supported the formation, there was some opposition from Indonesia, the Philippines and within Brunei. The formation process involved several committees to discuss terms and get feedback from the public, and Malaysia was officially proclaimed on September 16, 1963, though Brunei ultimately did not join.
Bab 1 sejarah awal negara (pengajian malaysia)Sherrr_aaa
[Ringkasan]
1. Melaka diasaskan pada abad ke-15 oleh Parameswara setelah melarikan diri dari Srivijaya dan menjadi pusat perdagangan penting di Asia Tenggara.
2. Johor diasaskan pada 1528 oleh Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah setelah kejatuhan Melaka dan menjadi pusat perdagangan baru di selatan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu.
3. Kedua-dua kerajaan ini mewarisi sistem pentadbiran dan perdagangan Melaka serta menjadi
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang negara, bentuk pemerintahan, dan sistem pemerintahan. Negara didefinisikan sebagai organisasi kekuasaan dari kelompok manusia yang telah mendiami wilayah tertentu. Ada dua bentuk negara yaitu negara kesatuan dan negara serikat. Sedangkan sistem pemerintahannya meliputi sistem parlementer dan presidensial."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang imperialisme, kolonialisme, dan penjajahan kuasa asing di Tanah Melayu dari abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-20. Ia menjelaskan faktor-faktor kedatangan penjajah seperti Portugal, Belanda, dan British serta kesan-kesan penjajahan terhadap pembangunan sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan pendidikan. Dokumen tersebut juga membincangkan langkah-langkah untuk mempertah
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sejarah awal Malaysia pada zaman prasejarah, meliputi Zaman Paleolitik, Mesolitik, Neolitik, dan Logam. Zaman-zaman tersebut menunjukkan perkembangan dari gaya hidup nomaden menjadi menetap, penemuan pertanian, dan penggunaan logam. Dokumen juga membandingkan ciri-ciri antara zaman prasejarah awal dan akhir.
Residential system in Perak : A Case Studysilah1512
The residential system involved British residents advising the sultans of Malay states on government matters except those related to Malay customs and religion. In Perak, J.W.W. Birch introduced reforms that upset the sultan and chiefs, and he was intolerant of local traditions. Hugh Low later succeeded as resident by developing trusting relationships and respecting Malay culture. He stabilized Perak's economy and government. The residential system brought political order but diminished sultans' power and lacked uniformity across states.
The document provides information about the history and struggle for independence in Malaysia across three chapters:
Chapter 1 discusses the early history of Malaysia, including the development and downfall of the Malacca Sultanate and British colonial rule.
Chapter 2 covers the struggle for independence, including the establishment and dissolution of the Malayan Union and the roles of various organizations in awakening Malay nationalism.
Chapter 3 addresses the formation of Malaysia through discussions that led to Malaya being granted independence on August 31, 1957 and the establishment of a new nation called Malaysia in 1963.
SEJARAH ASAL USUL NEGERI KEDAH YANG SEZAMAN DENGAN LANGKASUKA SEHINGGA KEDATA...Atikah Ishak
1. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti sejarah awal Kedah dan asal-usul namanya berdasarkan sumber India, China dan Arab.
2. Kedah dipercayai bermula di Lembah Bujang pada abad ke-4 hingga ke-14 Masihi sebagai kuasa perdagangan dengan pelabuhannya.
3. Nama Kedah diperoleh dari sumber India sebagai "Kandahram" atau "Geddah", China sebagai "Chien-Ch'a" atau "
T2 BAB 5 5.2 KEGEMILANGAN KESULTANAN MELAYU MELAKATeh Boon Siang
Kesultanan Melayu Melaka menjadi kerajaan yang kuat dan makmur pada abad ke-15 akibat beberapa faktor seperti sistem pentadbiran yang berstruktur, kepimpinan raja yang bijak, perundangan yang jelas, dan kedudukan strategik sebagai pusat perdagangan antara India dan China. Kesultanan ini juga berjaya menyebarkan agama Islam di kawasan tersebut melalui aktiviti perdagangan dan hubungan diplomatik dengan kerajaan-kerajaan
Abad ke-18 menyaksikan penubuhan empat kerajaan Melayu Baru iaitu Terengganu, Selangor, Kelantan dan Negeri Sembilan. Mereka diasaskan oleh keluarga baru dan mendapat pengiktirafan dari negeri lain walaupun prosesnya melibatkan perang saudara bagi sesetengah negeri.
This document provides an introduction to Malaysian studies, focusing on the community and society of Malaysia. It discusses the main ethnic groups in Malaysia - the Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous peoples of East Malaysia. It describes their different languages, religions, cultures, and histories. It also discusses how British colonial policies divided and impacted the ethnic groups, and Malaysia's ongoing efforts to unite its diverse population after independence.
The document provides an overview of the formation of Malaysia based on a chapter from an Malaysian Studies textbook. It discusses the reasons and process for forming Malaysia, which originally included Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. While most parties supported the formation, there was some opposition from Indonesia, the Philippines and within Brunei. The formation process involved several committees to discuss terms and get feedback from the public, and Malaysia was officially proclaimed on September 16, 1963, though Brunei ultimately did not join.
Bab 1 sejarah awal negara (pengajian malaysia)Sherrr_aaa
[Ringkasan]
1. Melaka diasaskan pada abad ke-15 oleh Parameswara setelah melarikan diri dari Srivijaya dan menjadi pusat perdagangan penting di Asia Tenggara.
2. Johor diasaskan pada 1528 oleh Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah setelah kejatuhan Melaka dan menjadi pusat perdagangan baru di selatan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu.
3. Kedua-dua kerajaan ini mewarisi sistem pentadbiran dan perdagangan Melaka serta menjadi
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang negara, bentuk pemerintahan, dan sistem pemerintahan. Negara didefinisikan sebagai organisasi kekuasaan dari kelompok manusia yang telah mendiami wilayah tertentu. Ada dua bentuk negara yaitu negara kesatuan dan negara serikat. Sedangkan sistem pemerintahannya meliputi sistem parlementer dan presidensial."
Kajian ini mengenal pasti sejarah awal kewujudan negara Malaysia, termasuk kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu yang wujud sebelum kedatangan kuasa asing seperti Portugis dan Belanda. Penjajahan oleh negara-negara asing ini menyebabkan ekonomi merosot tetapi juga menimbulkan semangat patriotisme di kalangan rakyat tempatan.
Gerakan nasionalisme tempatan berkembang untuk menentang penjajahan dan eksploitasi British di Tanah Melayu. Pemimpin dan masyarakat tempatan tidak bersetuju dengan dasar penaklukan, sistem pentadbiran, campur tangan dalam adat istiadat, dan kesulitan yang ditimbulkan oleh British. Ini mendorong beberapa tokoh seperti Penghulu Dol Said di Naning, Rentap di Sarawak, dan Tok Janggut di Kelantan untuk memimpin penentangan terhad
The document provides an overview of Chapter 2 of a Malaysian Studies textbook which covers independence. It outlines the chapter's learning outcomes and topics which include the fight for independence through various resistances, the development of nationalism through newspapers/organizations, the Malayan Union and path to independence. The topics are further broken down and examples are given for key events like the Naning, Selangor, Perak and Pahang resistances and the roles of nationalism through publications and groups. Characteristics of the Malayan Union and resistance to it are also summarized.
The document provides background information on early Malaysian history, including:
1) It discusses Malaysia's early prehistoric background and the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century.
2) It describes factors that led to the expansion and grandeur of the Malacca Sultanate, as well as factors that led to its decline, including the discovery of an alternative trade route and conflict with the Portuguese Empire.
3) It concludes that the Malacca Sultanate demonstrated a sophisticated Malay civilization and government system, and its fall led to the formation of the Johor Empire and independent Malay states.
This document provides an overview of the history of Malay kingdoms in Malaysia, beginning with the Melaka Sultanate. It discusses how the Melaka Sultanate was founded in the early 15th century by Parameswara, and how under his leadership it grew to become a major trading hub due to its strategic location along international trade routes. The document also describes the ruling system and administrative hierarchy that developed in Melaka, as well as factors that contributed to its golden age. It then discusses the fall of Melaka with the Portuguese conquest in 1511, and how this led to the establishment of the Johor Sultanate and other Malay kingdoms across the peninsula.
This document provides an overview of traditional Malay kingdoms, focusing on the Malay Malacca kingdom. It discusses how the Malay Malacca kingdom was established in the 15th century under Parameswara and flourished as an important trading empire under Sultan Mansur Syah. However, it began declining due to factors like weak leadership, oppressive rulers, divided people, and a shift in trade routes. It was ultimately conquered by the Portuguese in 1511 due to its outdated military capabilities compared to the Portuguese's advanced weapons. The document also briefly discusses how after Malacca fell, Sultan Ahmad Syah and Sultan Mahmud Syah established the Johor kingdom further south.
Travel and tourism assignment kishor sunthaKishor Suntha
This document provides information about travel to Malaysia and Thailand. It includes details such as the capital cities (Kuala Lumpur for Malaysia and Bangkok for Thailand), currencies (Malaysian Ringgit and Thai Baht), airports, brief histories, famous foods, and major tourist attractions for both countries. In Malaysia, popular tourist destinations mentioned include Langkawi, Taman Negara national park, Pulau Tioman islands, Cameron Highlands, and Melaka. In Thailand, notable attractions discussed are the Grand Palace and Wat Prakeaw temple in Bangkok, Chinatown, floating markets, Wat Arun temple, and Wat Pho temple.
The document provides background information on the Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang building in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. It details that the building was originally constructed in 1912 as a palace for the Sultan of Selangor. Over the past 100+ years, the building has changed ownership and functions, having been used as a Japanese soldiers' quarters, the Klang Municipal Building, and most recently the Klang Islamic Religious Office, until being abandoned. The document outlines the historical context of Klang and Selangor and provides preliminary investigation into adapting the dilapidated building for a new use as a performing arts center through conservation efforts.
The document provides information about tourist attractions in Bangkok, Thailand and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Singapore. It describes several national parks, temples, and cultural sites to visit in Bangkok including Khao Yai National Park, Ayutthaya temples, Grand Palace, floating markets, and zoos. Popular attractions in Singapore mentioned include Merlion Park, Sentosa Island, Night Safari, and Jurong Bird Park. Kuala Lumpur is the capital of Malaysia.
The document provides information about various tourist destinations in Asia and Australia that could be suggested for air travel, including:
- Bangkok, Thailand, which discusses the country's history and attractions like Khao Yai National Park and elephant rides.
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Singapore, which provide background on the countries' histories and attractions in each like Merlion Park and Sentosa Island in Singapore.
- Sydney, Australia, with details on attractions around the city like the Sydney Opera House and Harbor Bridge, as well as other parts of Australia like the Great Barrier Reef in Cairns.
- Auckland, New Zealand is also listed briefly as a suggested destination. The document contains extensive
The document discusses the origins and development of Malay civilization from ancient times to the present. It describes how the Proto-Malays established settlements on the peninsula and blended with local groups like the Negritos. Indian cultural influences arrived around 100 BC, bringing Hinduism and Buddhism. Islam spread to the region starting around the 7th-8th centuries through contact with Arab, Indian, and Chinese Muslim traders. The Malacca Sultanate rose as a major port in the 15th century, further spreading Islam. European colonial powers took control starting in the 16th century. Malaysia gained independence in 1957 and continues to develop its national identity.
The document discusses financial statement analysis and ratios. It covers the need for ratios, users of ratios, types of ratios including profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and shareholder ratios. It provides examples and formulas for calculating common ratios. The document also addresses limitations of using accounting statements and ratios for analysis.
The document discusses bank reconciliation. It begins by explaining key bank facilities like savings, current, and deposit accounts. It then distinguishes between the cash book balance recorded by a business and the bank statement balance provided by the bank. Differences can arise due to uncleared deposits or withdrawals. The document emphasizes the importance of preparing a bank reconciliation statement to identify differences and errors. It provides the format for the reconciliation statement and walks through the steps to prepare it, including identifying unmatched items in the cash book and bank statement and adjusting for any errors.
This document provides an overview of cash books and petty cash books. It defines a cash book as a book of original entry for cash transactions that records money paid into and out of a business bank account. It also describes the importance of cash books for safeguarding assets and ensuring accurate accounting records. The document explains petty cash books are used to record small cash payments to avoid numerous individual ledger postings. It also outlines the imprest system for controlling petty cash funds through regular reimbursements to restore the original cash float amount.
Blake has account receivable of £600 which represents money owed to the business by debtors. Blake also has account payable of £7,000 which represents money owed by the business to creditors.
This document contains slides from a chapter on classified financial statements. It discusses:
- The components of financial statements including the income statement and balance sheet
- The income statement covers revenues, expenses, and net income/loss and includes a trading account and profit and loss account
- The balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and owner's equity with current and long-term sections for assets and liabilities
- It also explains drawings, the accounting equation, and provides examples of accounting entries for a trial balance and financial statements.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 3 which discusses documents used in business transactions and the accounting cycle. It covers the relationship between business documents and accounting records, the steps in the recording process, types of business documents like invoices and journals, the ledger and trial balance. It also includes sample journal entries, ledger accounts, and a trial balance. The chapter aims to explain how business documents are used to record transactions and flow into the accounting records through journals and ledgers.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 2 from a financial accounting textbook. The chapter covers the accounting equation and double-entry system. It defines the accounting equation as assets equaling liabilities plus owner's equity. It also explains the double-entry system where every transaction affects at least two accounts with equal and opposite entries. The document outlines the chapter topics, provides examples of classifying accounts and double-entry transactions, and previews the next chapter on business documents used in accounting.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 of the textbook BDC 101, which introduces accounting. It defines accounting and distinguishes it from bookkeeping. It outlines the learning outcomes of the chapter and discusses the importance of accounting. It also identifies the internal and external users of accounting information and their reasons for relying on it. Finally, it introduces key accounting concepts that are fundamental to the practice of accounting.
This document contains 3 student assignments for a Reading Vocabulary & Grammar 1 course. Each assignment contains a student's name, student ID number, course code, and is prepared for and submitted to their instructor Mr. Vincent Paul Jr. on February 24, 2015. All 3 assignments are biographies submitted to fulfill Assignment 1 of the course.
The document outlines the system and structure of legislation in Malaysia. It discusses the process of forming the Malaysian government, including the main administrative bodies of Yang Di-Pertuan Agong (Head of State), the executive body headed by the Prime Minister, the legislative body consisting of the Parliament and state assemblies, and the judiciary body. Each component plays a distinct role in running the administration of the country according to the Federal Constitution.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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pengajian malaysia bab 1
1. MPW1133
CHAPTER 1
MALAYSIAN STUDIES
THE EARLY HISTORY OF MALAYSIA
SCHOOL OF GENERAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION
PREPARED BY:
SITI AISHAH BT AHMAD
2. Slide 2 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
Describe the political growth of Malacca Sultanate and
the climax of its existence.
Identify factors that contributed to the strength and
cause of the downfall of the Malacca Sultanate.
Learn from the colonization period: Portuguese, Dutch,
British, and Japanese.
3. Slide 3 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Malacca Sultanate -
1.1.1 The Arrival Of Parameswara in Malacca
1.1.2 Two Theories Regarding Malacca’s Name
1.1.3 The Golden Age Of Malacca
1.1.4 Political And Administrative System
1.1.5 The Fall Of the Malacca Sultanate
1.2 The Beginning Of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization Era
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
1.2.4 The Japanese Occupation
Topic Outlines
4. Slide 4 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
INTRODUCTION
1. Malacca rose from a humble fishing village to become a major center of
the spice trade forming a vital link between the East and the West.
Melaka (Malacca) is rich with history and resources.
2. In fact, the earliest written records of the country made reference to the
Malacca Peninsula, instead of the Malay Peninsula or Malaya.
3. The location was strategic for trading and people were so
accommodating.
4. The administration flourished and they easily influenced, embraced and
apply the Islamic Religion.
5. Slide 5 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
INTRODUCTION
The location was strategic for trading and people were appreciably polite.
6. Slide 6 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
So, What do
you think about
this place?
AWESOME!!!!
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
7. Slide 7 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Video 1
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Video 1: Anak Kecil Main Api
8. Slide 8 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
PalembangWhy? TemasikWhy? MuarWhy? BertamWhy?
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.1 The Arrival of Parameswara
9. Slide 9 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
• Melaka was founded in 1400 by
PARAMESWARA, a prince who descended
from Sailendra.
•Tom Pires in his book “Suma Oriental”, has
suggested that Parameswara fled
Palembang which was attacked by Majapahits
when Palembang declared its independence
from the declining Majapahit.
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.1 The Arrival of Parameswara
1
10. Slide 10 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
In Singapore, Parameswara had
killed Temagi, the representative of
the Kingdom of Ayuthia, Siam.
Five years later, Parameswara was
forced to flee from Singapore when
Ayuthia attacked him to avenge the
killing of its representative
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
2
1.1.1 The Arrival of Parameswara
11. Slide 11 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
In Muar, Parameswara attempted
to build a base, but abandoned the
project because the place was not
suitable.
There is an opinion stated that
Muar had a lot of monitor lizards
that had a tendency to destroy the
new empire. Besides, he could not
see any activities that ensured his
new territory would be flourished.
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
3
1.1.1 The Arrival of Parameswara
12. Slide 12 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Finally he found a new territory
which was suitable to build a
settlement.
Bertam was actually named after a
river where Parameswara stopped
to take a rest before continuing his
journey.
The surrounding were calm, he
could see people doing barter
trading - laymen and merchants.
4
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.1 The Arrival of Parameswara
13. Slide 13 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Hunting Trip
Arabic Word
‘Malakat’ or
‘Mulakat’
“Market”
Hindu Sanscript
‘Amalaka’
MELAKA
1.1.2 Theories Regarding Malacca’s Name
14. Slide 14 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
During the hunting trip, an unusual thing
happened when a mouse-deer kicked
Parameswara’s hunting dog.
Seeing the bravery of the mouse-deer,
he decided to stay and establish his
base there.
He named the place “Melaka” after the
name of the tree he was leaning against.
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.2 Theories Regarding Malacca’s Name
Hunting Trip
15. Slide 15 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Video 2
Video 2 : The Arrival of Parameswara
16. Slide 16 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
Factors
contributing to
Malacca’s
Development
Social
PoliticalGeographical
17. Slide 17 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
Political
NEXT
China was a major power during the
15th Century and expanding its
political power and influence in South
China Sea regions.
China used to send its admiral Yin
Ching and Cheng Ho to Melaka to
reinforce China’s recognition of
Melaka. Melaka accepted their
friendship.
Threats from Siam and Majapahit
were kept at bay.
18. Slide 18 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
Political
CLOSE
BACK
In 1414, with the coming of Muslim
traders / missionaries from Arab,
Parameswara wisely embraced Islam
and changed his name to Sultan
Mahkota Iskandar Syah. Since then,
the term Raja also changed to
Sultan.(zul-illahi-fil-alam)
His marriage to a princess from Pasai
strengthened his relationship with
Pasai.
19. Slide 19 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Social
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
•Parameswara’s success as a ruler of Malacca is
contributed by his charisma with his people.
• He had inherited the attributes of sovereignty
from the rulers of the Malay-Palembang or Sri
Vijaya empire. Besides this, other factors included
the presence of the Malay nobility who had been
with him since he was ruler of Palembang, and the
support of the Orang Laut (Orang Selat)
throughout his reign in Palembang and Singapore
until the early period of his settlement in Malacca.
• All these factors formed the basis that
contributed towards the creation of a state with an
orderly administrative and political system.
CLOSE
20. Slide 20 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Geographical
The kingdom conveniently controlled the
global trade vital point; the narrow straits
that today bears its name, Strait of
Malacca.
The port city had become the centre of
regional trade; it attracted most of the
traders from in the archipelago; traders
from Sumatra, port of Sunda, Java and
Bugis are reported to frequent the port. It
was also due to geographic location of
Malacca that gave the port city strategic
advantage.
NEXT
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
21. Slide 21 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Geographical
The monsoon wind that blow to northwest
during dry season conveniently brought
trade vessels sailing from Southern
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Mollucas and
eastern parts of the archipelago to
Malacca; in wet season (October to March)
the wind blow from mainland Asia to
southeast, conveniently brought trade
vessels sailing from ports in Northern
Sumatra, India, Siam, Cambodia, Vietnam
and China to converge in Malacca.
The Malaccan Empire had turned from a
maritime empire into an entrepot empire.
BACK
CLOSE
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
22. Slide 22 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Geographical
The monsoon wind that blow to northwest
during dry season conveniently brought
trade vessels sailing from Southern
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Mollucas and
eastern parts of the archipelago to
Malacca; in wet season (October to March)
the wind blow from mainland Asia to
southeast, conveniently brought trade
vessels sailing from ports in Northern
Sumatra, India, Siam, Cambodia, Vietnam
and China to converge in Malacca.
The Malaccan Empire had turned from a
maritime empire into an entrepot empire.
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
BACK
CLOSE
An entrepôt is a trading post where
merchandise can be imported and exported
without paying import
duties often at a profit.
CLOSE
1.1.3 The Golden Age of Malacca
23. Slide 23 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Try to answer
this simple
question
Let’s have a break !
ACTIVITY 1
24. Slide 24 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Mulakat
Mualakat
Answer the question.
Test Your Knowledge
ACTIVITY 1
What is the Hindu Sanskrit word for Melaka?
Amalaka
25. Slide 28 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Mulakat
Mualakat
Answer the question.
Test Your Knowledge
ACTIVITY 1
What is the Hindu Sanskrit word for Melaka?
Amalaka
26. Slide 29 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
WATCH VIDEO
Do you know
who is this
legendary
figure? He was a
very popular
warrior during
the reign of
Sultan Mansur
Syah
Video 3 : Mentera Semerah Padi
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
27. Slide 30 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Hang Tuah
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
28. Slide 31 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
The
Sultan
of Malacca
Bendahara
Penghulu
Bendahari Temenggung Laksamana
• Leader of the country
• Head of religion
• Leader of laws
• The Advisor of The King
• Principal Minister
• Controlled the Military
• The Judge, Royal Customs and
Traditions
• The Police (enforcement)
• Admiral
• Act as the minister of
Army. Police
• Head of Malay Custom
• The Treasurer cum
Secretary to the King
Click each position for
further explanation.
29. Slide 32 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
Islam spread in the Malay Archipelago in 15th Century. There are few factors that
contributed to the emergence of Islam in this region:
Nature of Islam:
fair, tolerance, and
rational
Spreading of Islam
by Syeikh Abdul
Aziz from Mecca
Muslim Traders
30. Slide 33 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
Islam spread in the Malay Archipelago in 15th Century. There are few factors that
contributed to the emergence of Islam in this region:
Nature of Islam:
fair, tolerance, and
rational
Spreading of Islam
by Syeikh Abdul
Aziz from Mecca
Muslim Traders
•A lot of muslim traders from China (Ming
Dinasty), Arabs and India came to Malacca
during this century.
• The Arabs took the opportunity to spread this
religion by accepting the invitation from Sultan
into his palace.
• Parameswara accepted the friendship with
China in order to strengthen economic and
diplomatic power.
31. Slide 34 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
Islam spread in the Malay Archipelago in 15th Century. There are few factors that
contributed to the emergence of Islam in this region:
Nature of Islam:
fair, tolerance, and
rational
Spreading of Islam
by Syeikh Abdul
Aziz from Mecca
Muslim Traders
•Islam is a fair and tolerant religion that
emphasizes on good relations with Allah,
Human Beings and the Environment.
• This has been shown by Arab traders and
as a symbol of the victory of Islam after the
defeat of the Europeans in Battle Of
Crusaders in 11th century.
32. Slide 35 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
Islam spread in the Malay Archipelago in 15th Century. There are few factors that
contributed to the emergence of Islam in this region:
Nature of Islam:
fair, tolerance, and
rational
Spreading of Islam
by Syeikh Abdul
Aziz from Mecca
Muslim Traders
•The person who was responsible was
Syed Syeikh Abdul Aziz.
• He taught Sultan and his ministers about
Islam and Al-Quran in the Palace.
•Other Muslim traders spread the teaching
to the Malays.
33. Slide 36 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
Parameswara
(Died in 1414)
Muhammad
Iskandar
Syah (Died in
1424)
Muzaffar
Syah
(Died in1456)
Alauddin
Riayat Syah
(Died in 1488)
Mansur Syah
(Died in 1477)
Mahmud
Syah
(Died in 1528)
Ahmad Syah
Sri Maharaja
(Died in1444)
Raja Ahmad
(First Sultan
of Pahang)
Raja
Muhammad
(2nd Sultan
of Pahang)
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
34. Slide 37 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.4 The Political and Administration System
LAWS
Malacca Code of Law Malacca Law of the Sea
•The Malacca Law was considered the earliest Malay Law. The law was
taken as a base for other law sources such as in Pahang, 99 Perak, Johor
and Kedah’s law.
• The Malacca Law was compiled during the reign of Sultan Muzaffar Syah
1612.
• It was used as reference especially in international relation,
administration and social life including religious activities.
• It was divided into two:
35. Slide 40 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.5 The Fall Of Melaka Sultanate
36. Slide 41 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
1.1.5 The Fall Of Melaka Sultanate
Two Factors that
contributed to
the dispute and
the emergence
of European
Colonization
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
37. Slide 42 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
After the demise of
Bendahara Tun Perak, the
Melacca Government did
not have a good successor.
Bendahara Tun Mutahir had
a weak administrative
system and it led to the
misuse of power.
Sultan Mahmud also was a weak
leader and he did not care about
the administration.
Bribery and slander spread. This was reflected in
the murder of Bendahara Tun Mutahir and Tun Ali
instructed by Sultan Mahmud because of slander
by Kitu and Raja Mandaliar, both from India.
The increase in
taxes led to traders
changing their view
about Malacca and
look for another
ports to do business
transaction. This
created separation
among people.
It became more critical when
the Portuguese came twice
and Alfonso D’Albuquerque
attacked Malacca before it fell
to the hand of Portuguese in
1511.
Click each image for further
explanation
38. Slide 43 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.1 Malacca Sultanate
- The Cape of Good Hope was founded by Bartholomeu Dias (~Bartholomew Diaz ) in
1488 hastened the
journey of European to Malacca.
- At the same time Malacca was having some problems that give the opportunity to
Portuguese to extend their power.
1.1.5 The Fall Of Melaka Sultanate
39. Slide 44 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
First rounding of the cape in 1488 by
Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias
was a milestone in the attempts by the
Portuguese to establish direct trade
relations with the Far East – Tanah
Melayu
40. Slide 45 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2.The Beginning of Colonization
PORTUGUESE (1511 – 1641)
DUTCH (1641-1824) BRITISH (1824-1941)
41. Slide 46 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
The Arrival of Portuguese Colonization
• Colonial occupation in this country
began when the Portuguese conquered
Malacca in 1511.
• The fall of Malacca brought home the
fact that disunity, disloyalty, struggle for
power and influence and administration
inefficiency rendered the country weak
and helpless
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
• After the demise of Tun Perak, Melaka was ruled by, an administrative system
which is weak. Sultan Mahmud Syah who relied on the Bendahara Tun Mutahir
who is weak, old and biased.
• Traders from Gujerat India heard that Portuguese will return and attack Malacca
once again in revenge due to the imprisonment of their viceroy.
• The army was trained and they got encouragement from the King of Portuguese,
King Manoel I,
42. Slide 47 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
43. Slide 48 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
The Invasion of Portuguese on 15th Century
44. Slide 49 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Implications
of Those
Factors
Portuguese
1511
Dutch
1641
Sultan
Mahmud
Syah moved
to the South,
Johor
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
45. Slide 50 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
The King Of Portugal
King Manoel 1
Viceroy In Goa
Afonso de Albuquerque
Captain Of The Malacca Fort
Military Affairs
Civil & Financial
Administration Council
Local Administration
Council
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
46. Slide 51 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
•The Portuguese mercantile policy displayed an element of materialism unlike that
practiced by Malacca Sultanate.
a) Ships using Melaka Straits had to pay tax between 6-10% of their total
cargo.
b) Traders require trading permits before carry our business
c) Those who did not follow the regulation, their goods confiscated or ships
will be burnt.
d) Traders must sell their goods to Portuguese will lower price.
• This resulted to the turn over of the traders from Arabs, China, India, Java,
Japan etc from Melaka.
• At the same time Melaka security was threatened by Johor and Acheh.
• Malacca port and the Portuguese position became unstable.
• This situation led to the fall of Portuguese at the hand of Dutch
47. Slide 52 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
During the reign of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah, the Portuguese came to Malacca for
some reasons such as Gold, Glory and Gospel (3G)
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Monopoly of the
spice business.
The arrival of Vasco da
Gama and Lopez de
Sequeira
The spread of the
Christian religion
Encouragement from the
Portugal King
REASONS
FOR THEIR
ARRIVAL
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
48. Slide 53 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
The Effects of the
Portuguese
Colonization in
Malacca
Eurasian
Community
Dance &
Song
Portuguese
Words
A Famosa &
St. Paul
Church
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
49. Slide 54 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
Fig. 19:
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
50. Slide 55 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
WATCH THIS
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
51. Slide 56 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.1 Portuguese Colonization
BAHASA MELAYU BAHASA PORTUGIS
Almari Almario
Bendera Bandera
Mentega Mantaga
Garfu Garfo
Meja Mesa
52. Slide 57 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
53. Slide 58 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
•The Dutch had treaties with the Johor
Sultans to get rid of the Portuguese.
•On 14 January 1641, the Dutch took
possession of the fortress of Malacca,
with the help of their ally the Sultan of
Johor. At that time Johor was under
Sultan Abdul Jalil, the successor of
Sultan Ahmad Shah.
•Initially, the Dutch were grateful to
Johor for helping them.
•In 1639, they signed a Treaty with
Johor which granted the nobles of
Johor, free access to trade in Malacca
as a sign of friendship.
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
54. Slide 59 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Verenidge Ost Indische
Compagnie
Malacca was important for the
VOC’s strategies, as the city was
situated on the main trade route
to the Far East (Spices islands,
China and Japan) and was a
formidable strategic outpost.
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
55. Slide 60 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Reasons
for their
Arrival
Tin & Spice
Trade
To Get rid
of the
Portuguese
Figure 24 Figure 25
Just like Portuguese, Dutch also wanted to expand their empire throughout the world and
demolished their rival.
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
56. Slide 61 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
•In 1782 ,the Johor- Holland friendship was established after the defeat of the
Portuguese in Malacca. It was severely tested by commercial rivalry between the
two parties.
•To prevent British occupation, the Dutch attacked Riau, on 29 October 1784, the
Bugis were defeated. The resulting treaty ended Johor's independence, and a
Dutch fort was established at Tanjung Pinang (Riau).
•The Sultan’s disenchantment was intensified when the Dutch sent a Resident to
Riau.
•Consequently, in 1787 Johor launched a military attack on the Dutch settlement
in Riau.
•The Dutch, however, recaptured Riau in the same year.
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
57. Slide 62 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2.2 Dutch Colonization Era
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
58. Slide 63 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
59. Slide 64 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
The treaty signed by Sultan Muhammad
Jiwa with Francis Light in Jan 20, 1785.
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
The Pangkor Treaty 1874
•Britain Colonization started with the
Pangkor treaty 1874.
• Francis Light established the military
base in Penang 1785 where it was part of
the territory of Kedah. Sultan Muhammad
Jiwa offered British to open up their
settlement to allay the threat of Siam and
Burma.
• The purpose of the agreements was to
safeguard Kedah commercial and political
interests with Siam and Selangor.
However Francis Light went against it and
accept the condition without approval from
East India Company authority.
Figure 25
60. Slide 65 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
The treaty signed by Sultan Muhammad
Jiwa with Francis Lights in Jan 20, 1785.
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
The Pangkor Treaty 1874
•The East India Company’s came to
Kedah but Sultan Abdullah ordered them
to leave Penang. This became tense
when British refuse to leave.
• British imposed annual payment of
$6000 pesos as compensation.
• While British look for another base in
Singapore and placed Stamford Raffles
there.
•Based on the agreement between Raffles
and Sultan Husein, British undertook to
protect Sultan Husein, the Sultan of Johor
by paying him annual compensation of
$3000 pesos
Figure 25
61. Slide 66 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Types of
Intervention
DirectIndirect
This is how British intervene the system administration in Malacca
after they signed the treaty with Malay rulers
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
62. Slide 67 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Although various excuses
were put forward to justify
the British intervention but
it is very obvious that they
aimed to conquer the
economic sector
as the country is rich with
its resources.
Imperialism
Foreign Intervention
Humanity Factor
Economic Factor
Chaos in Malaya
Sir Andrew Clarke
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
63. Slide 75 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
British Residents
Perak (1874):
J.W.W. Birch
Selangor (1874):
J.G. Davidson
Sungai Ujung
(1874): Capt. W.
Tatham
Pahang (1888):
J.P. Rodger
Negeri Sembilan
(1895): Martin
Lister
Figure 23 Figure 26Figure 25Figure 24
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
64. Slide 76 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Impacts of the
Resident
System
Economy
Social
Politics
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
65. Slide 77 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
No Title States
1. The Straits Settlements
(1826)
Penang, Singapore & Malacca
2. Federated Malay States
(1896) via Federal Treaty
Selangor, Perak, Pahang & Negeri
Sembilan
3. Non-federated Malay States
(1909-1919) via Bangkok
Treaty
Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, Perlis &
Johor
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Three Types Of States Under British Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
66. Slide 78 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
a. Non Federated Malay States (Blue)
b. Federated Malay States (Yellow)
c. The Straits Settlements (Red)
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
67. Slide 79 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
Federal Malay States’
System
Federal Executive
Council
Click each tab above to find out.
68. Slide 82 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Increase Federal Income Inter state cooperation
Full authority for
Resident General
Head of department in
Kuala Lumpur had more
authority
Sharing of expert servicesMalay Rulers authority became
less
Foreign
investment, mining
and rubber
increased
Law
standardisation
EFFECTS OF THE
FORMATION OF
FEDERAL TREATY
1896
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
69. Slide 83 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Video 3
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
70. Slide 84 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Reasons
Distribution
of Central
Power
Dissatisfaction
among the
Rulers
Minimize
Expenses
One System of
Administration
Struggle for
Power
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.3 British Colonization Era
71. Slide 85 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Figure 28
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
72. Slide 86 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
This is how Japanese army came to Malaya.
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
West Coast East Coast
Jitra (12/12/1941)
Alor Setar (13/12/1941)
Pulau Pinang (17/12/1941)
Ipoh (26/12/1941)
Kuala Lumpur (11/1/1942)
Kota Bharu (8/12/1941)
Kuantan (31/12/1941)
Johor Bahru (31/1/1942)
Singapura (15/2/1942)
Japanese Army landed in
Thailand (Singgora & Pattani)
Mersing (28/1/1942)
73. Slide 87 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Video 41.2.4 Japanese Occupation
74. Slide 88 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Japan occupied our country for three and a
half year (15 February 1942-15 August
1945)
The whole of Malaya and Singapore were
conquered within70 days with attacks from
the east and west.
Japan’s main aim was to form The East
Asian Administration in which Japan
promised to give independence to countries
in South East Asia.
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
75. Slide 89 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Japanese Route to
Malaya From Thailand
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
76. Slide 90 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
POSTER SLOGAN
Using the Jawi’s writing “ ASIA UNTUK ORANG ASIA”
Post it Everywhere “SEMANGAT ORANG ASIA”
“Kawasan Kesemakmuran
Bersama Asia Timur Raya”
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
The Strategies used by Japanese Army in order to get support from Malay people.
They started by spreading the propaganda that Malay people will be saved if they let
Asian people rule the country.
Japanese army spread the message via poster and slogan that is written in Jawi. It
succeeded when Malay people accepted their good intention. Hoping that Malaya
will be free from Western Colonization.
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
77. Slide 91 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
H
O
W
T
H
E
Y
P
E
N
E
T
R
A
T
E
?
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
78. Slide 92 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
British were not
prepared
Delayed Military
from London & India
Advantages of
Japanese Army
Japan’s Preparation
Lack of Strategy
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
79. Slide 93 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Malay: Malay
Baru,
Singapore:
Syonan
Military
Government
Ran by Japanese
General Located
in Singapore
Malaya
Consisted of 7
Districts
Sultan as the
Head of
Religion &
Customs
Kedah, Perlis,
Kelantan,
Terengganu were
annexed to
Thailand
State Advisory
Council was
introduced
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
80. Slide 94 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
• Worsened the
relationship
among the
Races
Social
• Economic
activities
were
disrupted
Economy • Instilled
Political
awareness
Politics
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
81. Slide 95 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Video 6
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
82. Slide 96 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
The British
Officer was
monitoring
the white
and black
area from
being
penetrated
by
Communist
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
Figure 31
83. Slide 97 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Malayan Communist Party (Malayan
Communist Party) or CPM for short,
was an organization founded in Malaya
in 1930. Society was against the
invading British, who then ruled Malaya.
With the arrival of the Japanese, the
MCP formed the Malayan People's
Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) to fight
them.
MPAJA initially collaborated with the
British to fight against the Japanese
occupation based on agreements
made at the December 8, 1940. They
took the opportunity revenge anyone
who was considered collaborating with
the Japanese .
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
84. Slide 98 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
Through MPAJA, aid, training,
finance, logistics and medical
supplies were obtained from the
British . Within three years of military
force MPAJA estimated at 7,000 and
it was not surprising an emergency
occurred. The British and the
security forces had to deal with the
difficulty of eliminating a group of
soldiers trained to fight.
The purpose of the CPM was to drive
the British out of Malaya and set up a
Communist Republic. During
Japanese rule MCP establish MPAJA
against Japan. MPAJA received
support from the Chinese
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
85. Slide 99 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
After the Japanese surrendered, the Communist Party took the opportunity to
power through the guerrillas MPAJA and through organizations such as the Min
Yuen , MRL and so on.
Violence, riots and fights between the races took place in Malaya, especially in the
southern part of Malaya. As a result, the Malays began to react against the cruel
communist BINTANG TIGA as a team led by Chief Salleh red sash. British troops
returned to the administration (BMA) in a short period of time causing the
communist BINTANG TIGA unable to expand their influence.
BINTANG TIGA consequences at failing to seize the communists of Malaya with
an armed movement, led to the dissolution of the military agreement MPAJA and
placement of a firearm while token payments to the guerrillas were implemented.
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
86. Slide 100 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
Bintang
Tiga
Movement
The
Briggs
Plan
The
Templer
Plan
The
Baling
Treaty
Declaration
of
Emergency
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
87. Slide 101 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
1.2 The Beginning of Colonization
1.2.4 Japanese Occupation
88. Slide 102 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
ACTIVITY
‘This is not the end. It is not even the Beginning of the end.
But it is, perhaps the end of the beginning’’-
- Winston Churchill-
How would you relate the above quote with the Portuguese, British and
Japanese colonization in your own point?
This activity will be conducted in the classroom
89. Slide 103 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
SUMMARY
Malacca Empire began with Parameswara. It was a successful period.
Malacca then got attacked and colonised by the Portuguese in 1511.
Malaya was then invaded by the Dutch, British and Japanese.
Malaya Communist Party was formed to drive out the British and Japanese.
The British came back to stabilise Malaya by dissolving MCP with
surrendering of firearm.
90. Slide 104 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
NEXT SESSION PREVIEW
91. Slide 105 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
LIST OF REFERENCE
No Reference
1. “Sejarah Malaysia”, Mahdi Shuid, Suzaini Osman, Sazlina Othman,
Pearson Longman, 2006.
2. “Kenegaraan Malaysia”, Ruslan Zainuddin, Mohd Mahadee Ismail,
Zaini Othman, Oxford Fajar, ed.2, 2010.
3. “ Pengajian Malaysia”, Cosmopoint International University College,
2002.
4. “ Malaysian Studies”, Mahdi Shuid &Mohd Fauzi Yunus, Pearson
Education Malaysia Sdn Bhd, 2001.
92. Slide 106 of 110
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CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
APPENDIX 1
Figure Source
Figure 1 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=malaysia
Figure 2 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp. blogspot.com
Figure 3 http://solarstreak.com/pmr/peta.jpg
Figure 4 http://iwantaufik.blogdetik.com/wp-
content/blogs.dir/49063/files/sunda/600px-majapahit-map.jpg
Figure 5 http://www.travelific.my/travelstry_full.php?sid=460
Figure 6 http://www.tourmalaysia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/maritime-
museum-3D-panorama-x3.jpg
Figure 7 http://www.sea-seek.com/pilot_guide/?geo=2881
Figure 8 http://www.hamihalil.blogspot.com
Figure 9 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xATls0B1XuU
Figure 10 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=Hang+Tuah
Figure 11 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=portuguese+empire+to+melaka
Figure 12 http://www.mapquest.com
93. Slide 107 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
APPENDIX 2
Figure Source
Figure 10 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thepirateking.co
m/images/bios_dias_bartolomew.jpg&imgrefurl
Figure 11 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=king+manuel+1&um
Figure 12 http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=alfonso+de+albuquerque&um=1
&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org
Figure 13 http://mynisa0607.blogspot.com/2007/11/tinggalan-sejarah-
pemerintah-asing-di.html
Figure 14 http://www.flickr.com/photos/rocklandphoto/4085344417/
Figure 15 http://csc208-malacca.blogspot.com/
Figure 16 http://cobraeite.blogspot.com/2008/11/sejarah-aku-di-melaka.html
Figure 17 http://www.visittanjungpinang.com/ina/sejahahkota-home.php
Figure 18 http://blog.sunan-
ampel.ac.id/members/wigati/activity/?afilter=blogs&acpage=25
94. Slide 108 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
APPENDIX 3
Figure Source
Figure 19 http://www.clubtarang.com/sltarrang-home.htm
Figure 20 http://sejarah2u.blogspot.com/2009/02/perang-tiga-segi.html
Figure 21 http://christopherleebeardsley.blogspot.com/
Figure 22 http://adanaberkat-
petuaideadanpandangan.blogspot.com/2011/08/merdeka-yang-
dibunuh-digantung.html
Figure 23 http://resam-melayu.com/2010/01/rentetan-dari-perjanjian-pangkor-
dan-pembunuhan-jww-birch.html
Figure 24 http://www.facebook.com/people/Jg-Davidson/100002547960464
Figure 25 http://sukosenseimalaysia.blogspot.com/
Figure 26 http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/cofk/oxfordresources
Figure 27 http://petikanbuku.blogspot.com/2009/05/ambil-kembali-tanah-melayu-
yang-dijajah.html
95. Slide 109 of 110
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: The Early History of Malaysia
APPENDIX 4
Figure Source
Figure 28 http://blog-misteri.blogspot.com/2008/08/diganggu-roh-tentera-
jepun.html
Figure 29 http://geopractice.blogsome.com/2010/01/20/jepun-serang-malaya/
Figure 30 http://aimiazhar1.blogspot.com/2010/10/pemerintahan-tentera-
jepun.html
Figure 31 http://kamalmustafa.com/kamal-info-tahukah-anda-bahawa.html
Figure 32 http://pejuangmelaka.blogspot.com/2011/08/sejarah-bukit-kepong.html
Figure 33 http://rdclub.activeboard.com/t34535560/kejamnya-komunis-di-tanah-
melayumalaysia-parti-komunis-malay/
Figure 34 http://pemudaumnojasin.blogspot.com/2010/08/edisi-al-iqra-buku-
untuk-dibaca.html
Editor's Notes
A lot of muslim traders from China (Dinasty Ming), Arabs and India came to Malacca during this century.
The Arabs took the opportunity to spread this religion by accepted the invitation from Sultan into his palace.
Parameswara accepted the friendship with China in order to strengthen economic and diplomatic power.
A lot of muslim traders from China (Dinasty Ming), Arabs and India came to Malacca during this century.
The Arabs took the opportunity to spread this religion by accepted the invitation from Sultan into his palace.
Parameswara accepted the friendship with China in order to strengthen economic and diplomatic power.
A lot of muslim traders from China (Dinasty Ming), Arabs and India came to Malacca during this century.
The Arabs took the opportunity to spread this religion by accepted the invitation from Sultan into his palace.
Parameswara accepted the friendship with China in order to strengthen economic and diplomatic power.