The document provides background information on early Malaysian history, including: 1) It discusses Malaysia's early prehistoric background and the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century. 2) It describes factors that led to the expansion and grandeur of the Malacca Sultanate, as well as factors that led to its decline, including the discovery of an alternative trade route and conflict with the Portuguese Empire. 3) It concludes that the Malacca Sultanate demonstrated a sophisticated Malay civilization and government system, and its fall led to the formation of the Johor Empire and independent Malay states.

1. MALAYSIAN STUDIES/
PENGAJIAN MALAYSIA
2
MPU 2163
Last
Updated:11
July
2022
©
LMS
SEGi
education
group
1

2. 2
2
My Profile
• Graduate Of University
of London (LLB)
• Graduate of University
Cardiff (Bsc)
• Youth Parliamentarian
(Current)
• Youth Sosioeconomic
committee Advisor To
Youth Ministry and Sports
• 5 years industry
experience

3. 3
3
How You Will Be
Assesed
• 40% Individual
Assessment
• 30% Group Assessment
• 30% Exams

4. TOPIC 1(a):
BACKGROUND OF
MALAYSIA EARLY
HISTORY
4

5. LEARNING
OBJECTIVE
5
© LMS SEGi education group Last Updated:11 July 2022
Knowing the existence of the
Malacca Sultanate in terms of glory
and decline of the traditional Malay
Knowing the existence of the
Malacca Sultanate in terms of glory
and decline of the traditional Malay
Explain the existence of the other
Malay states
Explain the existence of the other
Malay states
Discover the history of the country
through the existence of the
traditional Malay
Discover the history of the country
through the existence of the
traditional Malay

6. Learning
Objective
6
Last Updated:11 July 2022
Students will be able to learn the origins of the development
of primitive human culture before civilization.
Students will also be able to understand the political
developments of the Malacca Sultanate Seta greatness and
its decline over the period of its existence.
Students can explain the existence and processes of
colonization from foreign powers and the impact on society
and the country.
Apart from that, students can also understand the policy of
colonial imperialism as well as appreciate the value of the
struggle and sacrifice of their ancestors in opposing the
colonialists.

7. Contents
Early Prehistoric Background
Establishment of the Government of
Melaka
Factors of expansion and grandeur
of the Malacca Sultanate
Factors deterioration of the Malacca
Sultanate
7
Last Updated:11 July 2022

8. Early Prehistoric
Background
8
Last
Updated:11
July
2022
©
LMS
SEGi
education
group

9. Early Prehistoric
Background
9
Archaeological evidence suggests that TM has
been inhabited by humans for thousands of
years.
There are four initial Ages in Malaya, which
includes:
Paleolithic Age (35,000 years)
Mesolithic Age (11,000 years)
Neolithic Age (5,000 years)
Metal Age (2500 years)

10. MALACCA
SULTANATE
© LMS SEGi education group
10

11. ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE MALAY
SULTANATE OF
MELAKA
11
© LMS SEGi education group Last Updated:11 July 2022
Malacca Sultanate is the oldest Malay sultanate in
Malaysia's history. In pre-Islamic times it existed as the
kingdom of Kedah Tua and Perak
In 1391, the Srivijaya kingdom was attacked by the
Majapahit kingdom. The prince of Palembang named
Parameswara had fled and retreated to Temasik
(Temagi). He continued to flee to Muar then Bertam
and finally to Melaka around 1400.
Melaka already exists as a fishing village.
Parameswara has named this area as Melaka (tree
name).

12. MALACCA GOVERNMENT SYSTEM 12
Sultan
Pembesar Empat
Pembesar Lapan
Pembesar Enam Belas
Pembesar Tiga Puluh
Dua

13. Rough Sitting
Placement of
Nobles and
Members of
The Palace
13
Last Updated:11 July 2022

14. 14
MALACCA GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
Malacca has an organized and systematic administration. The
King/Sultan is assisted by an organization that is organized with their
respective hierarchies and functions. This system is called the "Four
Fold Magnifier System"
The administrative system of the Melaka government is related to
the role of four main officials, namely:
Chief Minister
Chief Treasurer
Temenggung
Admiral

15. • as the king's adviser regent in the
king's absence acting as Chief Justice
Elector and appointee of the king
Chief Minister (Bendahara)
Chief Minister (Bendahara)
• the treasurer who controls the national
treasury collect taxes and state
revenue
• keep the register of the king's servants
and chiefs to the Syahbandar
Chief Treasurer
Chief Treasurer
Last Updated:11 July 2022
© LMS SEGi education group
15

16. Temenggung
• Executor or head of
state regulation and
security law
• National Police chief
• The public
prosecutor in the
event of a particular
individual offense
• Head of protocol in
customs
Laksamana
• Is a warlord in war
especially at sea
• Responsible for
carrying the
government sword
in official
ceremonies as well
as being a diplomat
and carrying
government envoys
16

17. Mayor
 port officers
 safeguard the welfare of foreign
traders
 provide warehouses for storage of
goods
 collect port tax
17
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

18. Reason For The Height of Malacca 18
Geography Economic
Political

19. Geography
Malacca was located in a vital international choke
point the Straits of Malacca.
Protected from the worse of the Monsoon season as
the Sumatra island the Peninsular Malaya blocks
massive winds.

20. Economic
During the reign of Parameswara's son, Megat Iskandar Shah (r. 1414–
1424)
The kingdom the period saw the diversification of economic sources of
the kingdom with the discovery of two tin mining areas in the northern
part of the city, sago palms in the orchards and nipah palms lining in the
estuaries and beaches.
Malacca had an edge over these ports because its Rulers created an
environment that was safe and conducive for business.
Chinese records of the mid-15th century stated that Malacca flourished
as a centre for trade on account of its effective security measures. It also
had a well-equipped and well-managed port. Among the facilities
provided for merchants were warehouses, where they could safely
house their goods as they awaited favourable trade winds.

21. Political
Malacca Golden Age is mostly attributed to good leaders such as
Tun Perak, Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca and Sultan Mansur
Shah.
The military prowess of the sultanate was further strengthened by
the nine elite knights of the kingdom. They were Hang Tuah, Hang
Jebat, Hang Kasturi, Hang Lekir, Hang Lekiu, Hang Ali, Hang
Iskandar, Hang Hasan and Hang Husain. (Suma Oriental of Tomé
Pires)
Decline of the Majapahit Empire
Good relations with the Chinese Empire

22. Reason For Decline 22
© LMS SEGi education group
The government is said to reach the top of the Malacca
heyday during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah (1459-1477).
But after that the Malacca Sultanate era began with collapse
until 1511 when Malacca was conquered by the Portuguese.
Internal factor:
Lack of efficient leadership
Weak government - Sultan Mahmud
The people are divided and not united
Last Updated:11 July 2022

23. Outside Factors
Discovery of a sea voyage through the Cape of
Good Hope in Southern Africa by Bartholomew
Diaz in 1488.
Merchants began to shift their trading centers to
other places. For example to Betawi.

24. Malacca Empire – Portuguese Empire War 24
In 1509, Diogo Lopes de Sequeira was sent to
Malacca by the king of Portugal with four ships
in order to establish contact with the Sultanate
of Malacca. In same year, the Ambassador
was arrested by the Sultan.
1509
Albuquerque first departed from India for
Malacca in April 1511, with 1,200 men and 17 to
18 ships.
Apr. 1511
In August 1511, Malacca defenses collapsed,
and the Portuguese ends the Malaccan
Empire.
Aug. 1511

25. Revenge of The Fallen 25
© LMS SEGi education group Last Updated:11 July 2022
1511
In 1511, The exiled Sultan escaped and
eventually formed the Johore Empire.
early 17th century
In the early 17th century, the Dutch
reached Southeast Asia. At that time
the Dutch were at war with the
Portuguese and allied themselves to
Johor.
Jan. 1641
Finally in January 1641, the Dutch
(attacking by land and the sea) and
Johor forces (attacking by land and
under the leadership of Bendahara
Skudai), defeated the Portuguese at
Malacca.

26. Conclusion
26
© LMS SEGi education group Last Updated:11 July 2022
Before the Malay Malacca, around four times the initial and early government in Malaya.
The existence of the Malay Traditional prove that Malay civilization comparable with other
civilizations in the world.
The famous French Government - United Malacca
The community has a system of political, economic and social distinctive
The emergence of the Malay States government that proved that each state has its own
sovereignty.