PCI Express is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard that was created to replace older standards like PCI, PCI-X, and AGP. It provides dedicated bandwidth to devices through the use of lanes and scales to support devices from low-bandwidth peripherals to high-end graphics cards. PCIe uses a layered protocol architecture and is compatible across generations, though newer standards allow for higher maximum bandwidth. The standard's advantages include high throughput, scalability, dedicated bandwidth per device, and support for long-term use in mainstream PCs.

1. GROUP NO -
PCI
express

2. • What is PCI express…?
• History of PCIe.
• What is a PCIe slot?
• Types of PCI express.
• What is a PCIe lane?
• What about PCI Express
compatibility?
• PCI express Architecture.
• PCI express layering.
• PCI express advantages.
Content

3. • PCIe - Peripheral Component Interconnect Express.
• PCI Express is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus
standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus
standard.
• It is the common motherboard interface for personal
computers' graphics cards, hard drives, SSDs, Wi-Fi and
Ethernet hardware connections.
What is PCI
express…?

6. • PCI was introduced by Intel in 1991 as the PCI Local Bus
Standard.
• Early in the spring of 2001, Intel had proposed to replace PCI
bus with a new bus architecture technology and internal
connection of multiple chips, which is known as 3G I/O.
• By the end of 2001, more than 20 leading enterprises in the
industry, including Intel, AMD, DELL and IBM, started drafting
the specification for the new technology and finished it in
2002. It was officially named PCI Express.
History of PCIe

7. • Physical slot on your motherboard.
• From smallest to largest, these slots are x1, x4, x8, and x16.
• these numbers represent the number of PCI lanes that the card
supports.
• Graphics cards and many other expansion cards require a full-
sized x16 slot, while sound cards and USB expansions will
often be fine with the smaller/slower standards.
What is a PCIe slot?

8. Types of PCI
express
Slot Clock(GHz) No of Bits Data / Cycle Bandwidth
PCIe 1.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 250 MB/s
PCIe 1.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 1000 MB/s
PCIe 1.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 2000 MB/s
PCIe 1.0
×16
2.5 16 1 4000 MB/s
PCIe 2.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 500 MB/s
PCIe 2.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 2000 MB/s
PCIe 2.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 4000 MB/s
PCIe 2.0
×16
2.5 16 1 8000 MB/s
PCIe 3.0 ×1 2.5 1 1 1000 MB/s
PCIe 3.0 ×4 2.5 4 1 4000 MB/s
PCIe 3.0 ×8 2.5 8 1 8000 MB/s
PCIe 3.0 2.5 16 1 16000 MB/s

9. • PCI Express 1.0
(2003)
• PCI Express 2.0
(2007)
• PCI Express 3.0
(2010)

12. • Think of it as the number of connections that your PCI Express
slot has to the rest of your system. A PCIe x16 slot will have 16
lanes of bandwidth to use when communicating with the rest of
the system, which makes it ideal for graphics cards and low-
latency expansion.
What is a PCIe lane?

13. Fortunately, PCI Express is great when it comes to
compatibility. If the physical connector matches– x4, x16, etc– then
the expansion card will at least function. but it isn’t guaranteed to
reach its full performance unless you have the available lanes to
spare and your PCI Express generation meets or exceeds its
recommended spec.
To ensure the best performance, you’ll always want to make
sure that any expansion cards you have either match the fastest
standard supported by your motherboard, or are slower than that
standard. You can still use a PCI Express 3.0 card with a 2.0
motherboard, but don’t be surprised if it doesn’t meet the desired
performance targets.
What about PCI Express
compatibility?

16. • Root complex
• End points
• legacy end point
• PCI Express end
points
• Switch
• PCI Express bridge
Core Core
Memory
Memory
Gigabit
ethernet
PCIe-PCI
bridge
Legacy
endpoint
PCIe
endpoint
PCIe
endpoint
PCIe
endpoint
Switc
h
Root
complex
PCIe
PCIe
PCIe
PCIe
PCIe
PCIe
PCIe
PCI express
Architecture

17. • Root complex : The root complex acts as a buffering device, to deal with
difference in data rates between I/O controllers and
memory and processor components.
The root complex also translate between PCIe transaction formats
and the processor and memory signal and control
requirements.
• End points
o Legacy endpoint :legacy devices may support legacy style interrupt
generation using
message requests.
o PCIe endpoint : An I/O device or controller that implements PCIe, such
as
Gigabit ethernet switch
A graphics or video controller
Disk interface
Communication controller
PCI express Architecture cont.

18. • PCI Express interactions are defined using a protocol architecture.
The PCI Express protocol architecture encompasses the following
layers,
o Transaction Layer
o Data Link Layer
o Physical Layer
• Each of these layers are divided into two sections
o Processes outbound(to be transmitted) information
o Processes inbound(received) information
PCI express layering

20. • High throughput(up to> 4GB/s)
• Software compatibility
• Scalable bandwidth
• Dedicated bandwidth per slot
• Peer-to-peer communication
• Long life (20+ years in mainstream
market)
PCI express advantages

21. Thank
You…!