PCC Eastern European Economic Migrants JSNA and CCC Migrant Populations JSNA Stakeholder Scoping Workshop - 14 October 2015
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PCC Eastern European Economic Migrants JSNA and CCC Migrant Populations JSNA Stakeholder Scoping Workshop - 14 October 2015
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PCC Eastern European Economic Migrants JSNA and CCC Migrant Populations JSNA Stakeholder Scoping Workshop - 14 October 2015
- 1. Migrant Health Joint Strategic Needs Assessment - The Migrant Population Across Cambridgeshire & Peterborough: Data, views and issues Dr Fay Haffenden, Consultant in Public Health Ryan O’Neill, Advanced Public Health Analyst, PCC Sara Dunling-Hall, Specialist Registrar in Public Health
- 2. The Migrant Population Across Cambridgeshire & Peterborough: • Data: what data do we have and what does the data tell us? • What do we know about the views of migrants? • What issues are we aware of from migrants, local populations, service providers and other stakeholders? • Particular issues for Refugees and Asylum seekers?
- 3. 26.3 11.8 10.0 9.8 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.2 6.0 3.4 3.2 2.4 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 London South East East of England North West Yorkshire and The Humber East Midlands Scotland South West West Midlands North East Wales Northern Ireland Proportion of total UK Immigration (%) Proportion of long-term international immigrants to UK, 2012 Source: Office for National Statistics, 2012
- 4. England East of England Cambridgeshire Cambridge City East Cambridgeshire Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambridgeshire 2010 128.1 97.5 105.6 247.9 96.4 42.6 72.3 188.9 82.2 2011 134.6 107.1 133.6 300.0 120.5 117.0 59.9 202.2 108.1 2012 135.7 107.8 141.9 300.8 71.4 94.7 89.3 178.4 140.0 2013 137.0 106.7 135.8 264.0 70.6 115.8 88.8 204.3 139.1 2014 141.8 109.9 129.7 307.1 81.4 62.5 93.6 206.3 85.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 Rateper1,000TotalPopulation 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Non-UK Born Population, 2010-2014, Crude Rate per 1,000 Total Population Source: Office for National Statistics, 2014
- 5. England East of England Cambridgeshire Cambridge City East Cambridgeshire Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambridgeshire 2010 17.7 13.2 21.9 44.0 20.8 31.7 8.7 39.7 11.0 2011 17.7 13.1 21.1 42.4 18.1 31.2 8.8 36.8 10.7 2012 13.5 10.5 18.6 38.8 15.8 28.3 6.6 30.4 8.6 2013 16.1 12.8 23.5 51.4 19.0 30.1 8.9 35.4 11.6 2014 20.2 15.6 24.3 53.0 17.5 27.5 11.2 36.0 13.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 Rateper1,0000TotalPopulation 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Non-UK Born NINO (National Insurance) Registrations, 2010 – 2014, Crude Rate Per 1,000 Total Population Source: Office for National Statistics, 2014
- 6. England East of England Cambridgeshire Cambridge City East Cambridgeshire Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambridgeshire 2009-2010 9.8 7.7 15.1 44.1 11.0 11.1 5.1 17.2 7.5 2010-2011 10.1 7.4 12.6 37.3 7.9 9.3 4.7 14.0 6.1 2011-2012 8.5 6.3 12.3 37.9 7.0 9.9 3.7 12.7 5.5 2012-2013 8.3 6.0 10.8 31.5 6.8 9.4 3.7 12.6 4.8 2013-2014 9.6 6.9 11.6 32.8 7.6 8.2 4.6 13.4 6.2 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 Inflowrateper1,0000population 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 Long-Term International Migration Inflow Rate, 2009-10 – 2013-14, Crude Rate per 1,000 Total Population Source: Office for National Statistics, 2014
- 7. England East of England Cambridgeshire Cambridge City East Cambridgeshire Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambridgeshire 2010 259.1 211.9 256.1 454.3 194.3 208.5 180.4 370.7 236.7 2011 262.5 218.7 255.8 452.9 200.0 228.4 189.3 384.4 230.0 2012 266.8 222.4 266.5 490.4 207.2 213.8 193.2 414.7 237.3 2013 272.7 231.3 271.4 475.4 212.5 253.0 206.5 427.3 232.3 2014 278.0 239.3 285.2 528.5 201.0 253.1 206.0 435.5 246.4 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 Rateper1,000births 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Births to Non-UK Born Mothers, 2010-2014, Crude Rate per 1,000 Births Source: Office for National Statistics, 2014
- 8. Economic Status of Non-UK Born Residents, 2011 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% England East of England Cambridgeshire Cambridge City East Cambridgeshire Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambridgeshire Employed Unemployed Long Term Sick, Disabled or Economically Inactive Due To Caring Responibilities In Education Other Source: Census, 2011
- 9. Quintile Cambridge City East Cambs Fenland Huntingdonshire Peterborough South Cambs 1 = 20% of Schools with Highest % of EAL Students 15 2 6 3 36 3 2 16 4 3 9 19 13 3 2 10 6 13 9 24 4 0 11 15 18 5 15 5 = 20% of Schools with Lowest % of EAL Students 1 8 9 26 6 15 Area Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Schools – Quintiles Assigned by % of Children who Speak English as an Additional Language Source: Cambridgeshire City Council/Peterborough City Council Schools Data
- 10. Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Schools – Ranked by % of Children who Speak English as an Additional Language Blue = Cambridge City Yellow = East Cambs Purple = Fenland Red = Huntingdon Green = Peterborough Magenta = South Cambs Source: Cambridgeshire City Council/Peterborough City Council Schools Data
- 11. Qualitative Data: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Demography • Local Health Status and Health Service Usage • Education • Housing • Employment • Wellbeing, Lifestyle & Social Cohesion • Crime • Key Documents/resources
- 12. Qualitative Data: Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Migrant Survey 2015 – 116 Responses 6.0% 17.2% 47.4% 29.3% Age of Respondents <18 18-30 31-45 46-67 33.6% 66.4% Gender of Respondent Male Female
- 13. Qualitative Data: Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Migrant Survey 2015 – 116 Responses 14.7% 24.1% 31.9% 7.8% 0.9% 18.1% Respondent Country of Origin Czech Republic Latvia Lithuania Poland Portugal Slovakia 2.6% 6.9% 37.9% 52.6% Respondent Tenure in UK <3 Months 3-12 Months >1 Year - < 5 Years >5 Years
- 14. Qualitative Data: Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Migrant Survey 2015 – 116 Responses 30.2% 36.2% 20.7% 2.6% 6.0% 4.3% Respondent Living Arrangements Living with partner Living with other family members Living in a shared house/flat Living in a shared room Living with 3 or more other people who are not family Living in other accommodation 93.1% 6.9% Respondent GP Registration Status Registered with a local doctor/GP Not registered with a local doctor/GP
- 15. Qualitative Data: Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Migrant Survey 2015 – 116 Responses What are some of the best things about living in the UK? • 45% of respondents mentioned employment opportunities, regular/fair pay and economic security. • 16% mentioned people’s attitudes towards community cohesion, civic pride etc. • 11% mentioned education and opportunities for children and young people. What are some of the worst things about living in the UK? • 29% of respondents mentioned healthcare, including difficulties obtaining GP appointments outside of their working hours. • 21% mentioned difficulty engaging with public services providers, bureaucratic processes and a lack of interpreters. • 13% mentioned pollution/unclean environment.
- 16. Demography: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Very diverse groups and needs: • Change in demographics in Fenland: Increased number of Lithuania, Hungarian and Portuguese, previously Polish and Latvian - now being recruited from more rural areas (decreased literacy etc) • Majority of migrants come for shorter periods, but intentions change: More migrants now settling – less high needs - bringing families over • Churn: In Wisbech thought to be around 10,000 migrants with an annual churn of 4,000 (new people coming in constantly) • EU populations – generally quite resourceful – want to improve things – some learn English very quickly - small number of support agencies available– suggests resilient and self-sufficient populations
- 17. Local Health Status and Health Service Usage: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Understanding of NHS system • Access to health services • Language • Cultural Issues • Trust • General Issues/Services • Impact of employment, housing and lifestyles
- 18. Children and Education: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Understanding of UK educational system: access and expectations • Proportions of EAL in certain schools • Special needs • Children in Need • Bullying and Safeguarding • Achievement levels? • Impact on local populations
- 19. Housing: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Houses of Multiple-Occupancy • Links to employment -Shared beds • Homelessness • Entitlement to benefits • Social housing • General housing shortage • Barracks / privately owned migrant camps
- 20. Employment: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Worker Exploitation – See Crime chapter notes as well • Language • Work ethic strong – become workers of choice for local employers • Gang-masters now run ‘gangs’ from one country – has implications for social cohesion. Many gangmasters reputable (approx. 70%) but some which are far from it. Gang-masters tend to be recruiting more vulnerable people who can’t read/write in their own languages let alone English. • Tend to get migrants working below skill levels • Zero hours contracts increasingly being used – stops access to benefits • Health care workers shortage
- 21. Wellbeing, Lifestyle & Social Cohesion: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Lifestyle Behaviours • Alcohol • Smoking • Mental Health • Other: More normal to breastfeed in Eastern European culture; Drugs do not seem to be an issue with migrant populations across Wisbech • Social Cohesion/integration with UK born population - ‘fairness issues’ - Migrant population not involved in decision making – no local representation - English levels - discrimination and negative attitudes - spousal visas - lack of family networks - Alcohol issues create angst with local populations
- 22. Crime: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Exploitation: Operation Pheasant • Shared beds – linked to shift patterns – can result in alcoholism on streets (no where to go and need to keep warm) + gangs ‘hanging around’ on streets • Domestic Violence: Results in increase in numbers of children going into care - spousal visas • Safeguarding • As a result of last JSNA a specialist post was created to support Eastern Europeans suffering from DV
- 23. Refugees & Asylum Seekers: What Issues and views are we aware of? • Asylum seekers: forced to leave v migrants: choose to leave • 4% of migrants • Can’t work while asylum claim assessed • Traumatic background - Post Traumatic Stress and mental health - Loss and injury of family and friends - Loss of possessions and control of lives • Unaccompanied minors
- 24. Key Documents/resources • Migrant Workers – Accessing Healthcare in Norfolk (Commissioned by Healthwatch Norfolk and Norfolk Community Relations and Equality Board) – Work carried out with KLARS clients but their issues likely to be across the board • KLARs – A Self Evaluation of New Communities Initiative, Phase 2 – A Service review for KLARs services • http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk
Editor's Notes
- Just like to thank Ryan O’Neill for all the data analysis and Sara for most of the qualitative information which she gained from speaking to some of you in the room. She would have been giving this talk but is unfortunately not well at present.
- So I will be covering an analysis of the data available – it comes with a word of warning in that it is not always easy to identify migrant populations and we have to use proxies such as ‘not born in UK’ The definition of migrant is short term intending to stay 3-12 months and long term 12 months + I will then look at some data we have from a recent qualitative questionnaire of migrants in Peterborough done by the ‘community connectors’ and in fenland by the Rosmini Centre – with thanks to Shakila, Anita and those involved. I will then look at some of the issues Sara has picked up from talking to anumber of stakeholders – some of whom are in the room today and from the literature. Finally I will just mention refugees as a specific group much in the news at present.
- Migration data show that 10% of all long term international immigrations to the UK in 2012 (defined as immigrants intending to stay within the UK for 12 months or longer) emigrated from their original country of residence to the East of England.
- Indicators assessed suggest migrant populations are particularly high in Cambridge City and Peterborough. In 2014, Cambridge City had the highest non-UK born population, expressed as crude rate per 1,000 of total population, at 307.1/1,000. Peterborough has the second highest crude rate, 206.3/1,000. The Non-UK born population appears surprisingly smallest in Fenland (62.5/1,000) and South Cambridgeshire (85.0/1,000).
- Cambridge City and Peterborough have the highest rates of NINO registrations by migrants. However Fenland, which has relatively low rates of migrant population as defined by other indicators assessed as part of this initial analysis, also has a high rate of registrations. Rates of registration have, however, fallen in Fenland and Peterborough over the five years 2010-2014, whereas in Cambridge City they have increased from 44.0/1,000 in 2010 to 53.0/1,000 in 2014.
- Both Cambridgeshire and Peterborough have higher rates of long-term international migration than England, with rates approximately three times that of England observed in Cambridge City.
- Rates of births to non-uk born mothers are generally rising and highest in again in Cambridge City and Peterborough which is consistent with other data relating to migration patterns and non-uk born populations.
- When we look at the economic status the student population of Cambridge is very obvious but there are high proportions in employment in other areas In Cambridgeshire levels of unemployment are low.
- Peterborough has 36 of the 65 schools in the top 20% with regards to highest number of EAL students across Cambridgeshire & Peterborough. The area with the most schools in the lowest 20% is Huntingdonshire, with 26 of 65.
- Orange line – Cambridgeshire & Peterborough schools average, 20.1%
- These are the probable chapter headings for the JSNA and some of the data I have shown will fit into these and I will go over issues within each theme. This is not hard evidence based data rather subjective views from stakeholders, mainly gathered by Sara in discussions with some of you in the room and others and what she has found in reviewing the literature. Some of the themes triangulate with quantitative data or other sources . I do want to repeat that migrant populations are very diverse and constantly changing: from students, academics, health care and high tech industry workers predominating in Cambridge city to agricultural workers in the Fens and factory workers in Peterborough, with skilled workers such as plumbers scattered throughout – but a real mix.
- Thanks to Shakila and her community connectors for collecting this data in a short space of time
- This is really interesting – unsurprisingly with most working, almost half valued the employment they had, with much smaller numbers mentioning attitudes and opportunities for CYP. In terms of what they didn’t like – access to health services was mentioned by almost 1 in 3 and bureaucracy and lack of interpreters by 1 in 5.